-
Pediatric Dentistry Mar 2019The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of early childhood caries (ECC). Two reviewers searched various databases until January 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to perform risk of bias assessment. The included studies were categorized according to the World Bank classification. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis using fixed and random effects inverse-generic meta-analyses. A total of 7,034 records involving 89 studies that evaluated 1,352,097 individuals were included; 23 were high, 46 were moderate, and 20 were of low quality. A total of 123 risk factors were found. Meta-analysis revealed that the strongest risk factors found in the high-income countries were presence of dentinal caries (dmft greater than zero; odds ratio [OR] equals 4.21 [2.18 to 8.16]) and high levels of mutans streptococci (OR equals 3.83 [1.81 to 8.09]). In upper-middle-income countries, presence of enamel defects (OR equals 14.62 [6.10 to 35.03]) was found to be the strongest risk factor. The strongest risk factors associated with early childhood caries was the presence of enamel defects, presence of dentinal caries and high levels of mutans streptococci.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Humans; Risk Factors; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30992106
DOI: No ID Found -
Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on the Oral Microbiota Associated with Early Childhood Caries.Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic microbiota and early childhood caries (ECC) outcomes; and to review methods used to perform microbial assessments in clinical studies of ECC.
METHODS
Multiple databases were searched; only clinical cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 1998 to 2014 were selected. A total of 471 titles and abstracts were identified; 114 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full review, from which 41 studies were included in the meta-analyses.
RESULTS
In most of the reviewed studies, moderate reductions in cariogenic bacterial levels, mainly in mutans streptococci (MS), were demonstrated following the use of antimicrobial agents, but bacterial regrowth occurred and new carious lesions developed once the treatment had ceased, particularly in high-risk children. Relatively consistent findings suggested that anti-cariogenic microbial interventions in mothers significantly reduced MS acquisition by children. However, studies of the long-term benefits of ECC prevention are lacking.
CONCLUSION
Based on the meta-analyses, antimicrobial interventions and treatments show temporary reductions in MS colonization levels. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the approaches used produced sustainable effects on cariogenic microbial colonization or ECC reduction and prevention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cariostatic Agents; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Humans; Infant; Microbial Consortia; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26063552
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2015Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease,... (Review)
Review
Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lippia; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 25911964
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047329