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Royal Society Open Science Aug 2023Magnitude information is often correlated in the external world, providing complementary information about the environment. As if to reflect this relationship, the...
Magnitude information is often correlated in the external world, providing complementary information about the environment. As if to reflect this relationship, the perceptions of different magnitudes (e.g. time and numerosity) are known to influence one another. Recent studies suggest that such magnitude interaction is similar to cue integration, such as multisensory integration. Here, we tested whether human observers could integrate the magnitudes of two quantities with distinct physical units (i.e. time and numerosity) as abstract magnitude information. The participants compared the magnitudes of two visual stimuli based on time, numerosity, or both. Consistent with the predictions of the maximum-likelihood estimation model, the participants integrated time and numerosity in a near-optimal manner; the weight of each dimension was proportional to their relative reliability, and the integrated estimate was more reliable than either the time or numerosity estimate. Furthermore, the integration approached a statistical optimum as the temporal discrepancy of the acquisition of each piece of information became smaller. These results suggest that magnitude interaction arises through a similar computational mechanism to cue integration. They are also consistent with the idea that different magnitudes are processed by a generalized magnitude system.
PubMed: 37564065
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230153 -
American Journal of Health Promotion :... Nov 2023The aim of this study is to scope the literature on what is currently known between physical activity and presenteeism. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to scope the literature on what is currently known between physical activity and presenteeism.
DATA SOURCE
A search strategy was conducting in six scientific databases.
STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Studies written in English about the relation between physical activity and presenteeism were considered for inclusion.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data on definitions and measurement of presenteeism and physical activity were extracted.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The data is categorized according to the understanding of presenteeism of the studies to give a better idea of how this phenomenon is studied in relation to physical activity.
RESULTS
After screening 9773 titles and abstracts and 269 full-text articles, 57 unique articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles were published since 2010 and originated predominantly in the United States. Most studies (70%) define presenteeism as lost productivity due to health problems, according to the American line of research, whereas 19% of the studies define it as "working while ill" which refers to the European line of research. The studies that reflected the American school of thought tends to report more results that supported their hypothesis (i.e., that more physical activity is associated with less presenteeism).
CONCLUSION
This review has highlighted the homogeneity in how presenteeism is conceptualized and measured in studies included in our sample. Research on physical activity and presenteeism should be expanded across various disciplines in social sciences to respond to the needs that many researchers have expressed to promote healthier organizations.
Topics: Humans; Efficiency; Presenteeism; United States; Exercise
PubMed: 37542375
DOI: 10.1177/08901171231193781 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The rapid development of deep learning has brought novel methodologies for 3D object detection using LiDAR sensing technology. These improvements in precision and...
The rapid development of deep learning has brought novel methodologies for 3D object detection using LiDAR sensing technology. These improvements in precision and inference speed performances lead to notable high performance and real-time inference, which is especially important for self-driving purposes. However, the developments carried by these approaches overwhelm the research process in this area since new methods, technologies and software versions lead to different project necessities, specifications and requirements. Moreover, the improvements brought by the new methods may be due to improvements in newer versions of deep learning frameworks and not just the novelty and innovation of the model architecture. Thus, it has become crucial to create a framework with the same software versions, specifications and requirements that accommodate all these methodologies and allow for the easy introduction of new methods and models. A framework is proposed that abstracts the implementation, reusing and building of novel methods and models. The main idea is to facilitate the representation of state-of-the-art (SoA) approaches and simultaneously encourage the implementation of new approaches by reusing, improving and innovating modules in the proposed framework, which has the same software specifications to allow for a fair comparison. This makes it possible to determine if the key innovation approach outperforms the current SoA by comparing models in a framework with the same software specifications and requirements.
PubMed: 37514724
DOI: 10.3390/s23146427 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Simulation-based learning has been a part of teaching in healthcare for a long time; however, in recent decades, simulation-based learning has been adopted by a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Simulation-based learning has been a part of teaching in healthcare for a long time; however, in recent decades, simulation-based learning has been adopted by a significant number of healthcare institutes at different levels to improve practical skills, confidence, and preparedness to ensure patient safety and its application in real-life situations towards better patient care. The main objective of this paper was to use existing literature to explore aspects of simulation in healthcare teaching.
METHODS
It is a narrative review on simulation in healthcare that was conducted by using various search engines for English-language articles published between 2010 and August 2020. The main search terms were simulation, healthcare teaching, and simulation in healthcare. All articles found relevant to the title and/or abstract were retrieved. Searches were conducted using the academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Athabasca University (AU) library site. The studies were reviewed if they were considered relevant to the search by the primary authors.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine articles, which met the pre-set criteria, were analyzed and employed as a reference in this paper to support the idea that simulation is an effective way of learning in healthcare.
CONCLUSION
This paper reviewed various aspects of simulation, including its background, philosophies, and highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating simulation as a pedagogical approach into current educational curriculums for healthcare students. Furthermore, it presents a brief discussion on the current uses of simulation, followed by the educational strategies related to simulation and the importance of debriefing in simulation activities.
PubMed: 37492303
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.4.7145 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Humans do not learn everything from the scratch but can connect and associate the upcoming information with the exchanged experience and known knowledge. Such an idea...
Humans do not learn everything from the scratch but can connect and associate the upcoming information with the exchanged experience and known knowledge. Such an idea can be extended to cooperated multi-reinforcement learning and has achieved its success on homogeneous agents by means of parameter sharing. However, it is difficult to straightforwardly apply parameter sharing when dealing with heterogeneous agents thanks to their individual forms of input/output and their diverse functions and targets. Neuroscience has provided evidence that our brain creates several levels of experience and knowledge-sharing mechanisms that not only exchange similar experiences but also allow for sharing of abstract concepts to handle unfamiliar situations that others have already encountered. Inspired by such a brain's functions, we propose a semi-independent training policy method that can well tackle the conflict between parameter sharing and specialized training for heterogeneous agents. It employs a shared common representation for both observation and action, enabling the integration of various input and output sources. Additionally, a shared latent space is utilized to maintain a balanced relationship between the upstream policy and downstream functions, benefiting each individual agent's target. From the experiments, it can approve that our proposed method outperforms the current mainstream algorithms, especially when handling heterogeneous agents. Empirically, our proposed method can also be improved as a more general and fundamental heterogeneous agents' reinforcement learning structure for curriculum learning and representation transfer. All our code is open and released on https://gitlab.com/reinforcement/ntype.
PubMed: 37404464
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201370 -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Jun 2023As one of the standard electrophysiological signals in the human body, the photoplethysmography contains detailed information about the blood microcirculation and has...
As one of the standard electrophysiological signals in the human body, the photoplethysmography contains detailed information about the blood microcirculation and has been commonly used in various medical scenarios, where the accurate detection of the pulse waveform and quantification of its morphological characteristics are essential steps. In this paper, a modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis system is developed based on the principles of design patterns. The system designs each part of the preprocessing and analysis process as independent functional modules to be compatible and reusable. In addition, the detection process of the pulse waveform is improved, and a new waveform detection algorithm composed of screening-checking-deciding is proposed. It is verified that the algorithm has a practical design for each module, high accuracy of waveform recognition and high anti-interference capability. The modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis software system developed in this paper can meet the individual preprocessing requirements for various pulse wave application studies under different platforms. The proposed novel algorithm with high accuracy also provides a new idea for the pulse wave analysis process.
Topics: Humans; Systems Analysis; Algorithms; Software; Heart Rate; Microcirculation
PubMed: 37380393
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208034 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Many practical applications of metaphors are based on the idea that they are static TARGET IS SOURCE structures that support unidirectional meaning transfer for various...
Many practical applications of metaphors are based on the idea that they are static TARGET IS SOURCE structures that support unidirectional meaning transfer for various purposes. Examples include healthcare and education where metaphors build cognitive and communicative bridges between the abstract and concrete. However, real-world metaphor use is often more dynamic than static, raising the question of how practical applications could benefit from a more correspondingly dynamic perspective. Drawing upon learning models that view learner output as creative transformations of input, this article introduces a "target-to-source transformation" approach that (i) initially frames concepts unfamiliar to novice learners as metaphorical targets as per received wisdom, but after some time, and (ii) invites learners to transform these targets into source domains for new target domains of their choosing. A pilot implementation is reported in the context of a statistics course, in particular the concept of regression analysis, for humanities students. Examples of transformed metaphors include different aspects of regression as sources for creative targets like "arranging a meeting time for friends," "finding a life partner," and "fortune-telling." Analysis of these examples suggests that the approach creates a sense of pedagogical consistency, allows students to exercise creativity, and gives teachers novel insights into their level of understanding. Points for critical reflection will also be raised for future development of the approach, including the need to consider oft-overlooked metalinguistic attitudes held by laypersons toward metaphors.
PubMed: 37359878
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1162925 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Apr 2023In Chile, overnutrition continues to increase, especially affecting children. Solving this public health problem requires the development of promotion and prevention...
UNLABELLED
In Chile, overnutrition continues to increase, especially affecting children. Solving this public health problem requires the development of promotion and prevention strategies that consider the suggestions of the communities, especially those of the children themselves.
OBJECTIVE
To know the opinions and suggestions of third and fourth-grade children from schools in the southern area of Santiago, Chile, regarding their eating practices and physical activity, as part of the FONDEF IT 1810016 project.
SUBJECTS AND METHOD
Seven School Meetings were held in seven schools using a participatory qualitative methodology, collecting the opinions of 176 children regarding both their food and physical activity habits and preferences.
RESULTS
The most consumed and preferred foods are those easy to prepare and highly available, such as bread, pasta, and milk. Foods that require preparation or are less available, such as fish, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and homemade preparations, are less consumed and have less preference. Regarding physical activities, video games and soccer stand out. Students propose increasing the hours of physical education and recesses and improving the availability and access to healthy foods in school environments as a solution strategy.
CONCLUSIONS
School Meetings as a participatory strategy contribute to the joint generation of knowledge. The need to include communities as participants in health initiatives recognizes, through their role, children as subjects of rights.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Schools; Exercise; Vegetables
PubMed: 37358110
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v94i2.4164 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Jun 2023To review the research progress of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in skeletal system diseases. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the research progress of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in skeletal system diseases.
METHODS
The literatures about OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in recent years were reviewed, and the bioactive ingredients and drugs for the treatment of skeletal system diseases were summarized, which provided a new idea for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
RESULTS
OPA1 is a key factor involved in mitochondrial dynamics and energetics and in maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial genome. Accumulating evidence indicates that OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal system diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma.
CONCLUSION
OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics provides an important theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of skeletal system diseases.
Topics: Humans; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 37331956
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202302056 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023This paper focuses on the idea that pantomime is a privileged lens for investigating the origin of language in a naturalistic framework. Two reasons support this claim....
This paper focuses on the idea that pantomime is a privileged lens for investigating the origin of language in a naturalistic framework. Two reasons support this claim. The first one concerns the motivated and iconic character of pantomime compared to the arbitrary and abstract features of linguistic signs emphasized by the conventionalist thesis. The second reason is that a pantomimic account of language origin paves the way for a rethinking of the traditional hypothesis on the relationship between thought and language. Specifically, it leads to a revision of the thesis of the unidirectional influence of language on thought in favor of a bidirectional influence. Indeed, looking at the relationship between thought and language in its nascent stage means investigating the role of thought in shaping language rather than the role of language in shaping thought. A bidirectional perspective of this type hinges on the twofold idea that thought has primarily a narrative foundation and that pantomime represents an ideal expressive means for bootstrapping the evolutionary foundations of language origins in a naturalistic framework.
PubMed: 37325764
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1197968