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International Health Sep 2020The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
BACKGROUND
The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
METHODS
Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates.
RESULTS
A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them.
CONCLUSIONS
The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Bacterial Infections; Bathroom Equipment; Biofilms; Genotype; Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Pseudomonas; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 31693132
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074 -
RSC Advances Mar 2019The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated. This study highlights the cultivable diversity and bioactivities of...
The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated. This study highlights the cultivable diversity and bioactivities of Actinobacteria associated with the Unkeshwar hot springs, India. Potent strains were evaluated for their biosynthetic potentials and metabolite analysis was performed using effective dereplication molecular networking tools. A total of 86 actinobacterial strains were isolated and grouped into 21 distinct genera, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These strains included rare members such as , , , , , , , , and . In antimicrobial screening, sp. strain GH99 and sp. strain GH176 were found to be potent antimicrobial strains. The metabolic extracts of these strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against (NCIM 2493), (NCIM 5265), (NCIM 2098), and (NCIM 2257). The extracts also displayed strong anti-biofilm and anticancer activities against (NCIM 5029), (NCIM 5188) and breast cancer cell line MCF7, respectively. Both strains also tested positive for the presence of the PKS biosynthetic gene cluster in their genomes. To effectively delineate the secondary metabolites, the extracts were subjected to MS/MS-guided molecular networking analysis. Structurally diverse compounds including the polyketides 22-dehydroxymethyl-kijanolide (GH99 strain) and Abyssomicin I (GH176 strain) were detected in the extracts. Interestingly, Brevianamide F was detected in the extract of , which has previously been mostly found in fungal species. Other compounds such as cyclic tripeptides, Cyclo(l-Pro-d-Ile) and Cyclo(d-Pro-l-Phe), were also identified in this strain. In summary, for the first time, we explored the diversity of Actinobacteria and evaluated their bioactive potential from the Unkeshwar hot springs. The potent strains isolated in the study could be useful in drug discovery programs.
PubMed: 35520740
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09449g -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2019We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, isolated in 2009 from bovine colostrum. The draft genome sequence is composed of 3,267,995 bp,...
We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, isolated in 2009 from bovine colostrum. The draft genome sequence is composed of 3,267,995 bp, has a GC content of 38.54%, and was assembled into 114 contigs (contig size, >500 bp) with an value of 72,566 bp.
PubMed: 30863829
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01700-18 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jan 2019This study explores the potential of lead resistant bacterium Acinetobacter junii Pb1 for adsorption/accumulation of lead using various techniques. In the present work,...
This study explores the potential of lead resistant bacterium Acinetobacter junii Pb1 for adsorption/accumulation of lead using various techniques. In the present work, growth of A. junii Pb1 was investigated in the presence of a range of Pb(II) concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg l). Lead was found to have no toxic effect on the growth of A. junii Pb1 at 100 and 250 mg l concentrations. However, further increase in Pb(II) concentration (500 mg l) showed increase in lag phase, though growth remained unaffected and significant growth inhibition was observed when concentration was increased to 1000 mg l. Same was confirmed by the observations of flow cytometry. Further, the effect of Pb(II) on A. junii Pb1 was evaluated by using fluorescence microscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and flow cytometry. The spectrofluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy results revealed the accumulation of Pb(II) inside the bacterial cells as evident by green fluorescence due to lead binding fluorescent probe, Leadmium Green AM dye. Flow cytometry observations indicate an increase in cell size and granularity of exposure to lead. Thus, present work provides a new understanding of Pb(II) tolerance in A. junii Pb1 and its potential use in remediation of lead from contaminated soil.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Biodegradation, Environmental; Flow Cytometry; Lead
PubMed: 30637583
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00041-1 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Oct 2018Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is commonly found as an agent of nosocomial infections and demonstrates a high antibiotic resistance due to its carbapenemase... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is commonly found as an agent of nosocomial infections and demonstrates a high antibiotic resistance due to its carbapenemase production. The objectives of this study were to explore the antibiotic resistance pattern, the presence of OXAs genes and the biofilm-producing capacity of A. baumannii isolated from clinical specimens.
METHODS
Antibiotics susceptibility testing, detection of OXAs genes and the biofilm-producing capacity were performed using the Kirby Bauer method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adherence quantitative assays, respectively.
RESULTS
A total of 80 A. baumannii isolates were mainly obtained from sputum and most of them were resistant to antibiotics. All A. baumannii carried bla gene, yet no bla and bla genes were detected. Fourteen (82.4%) of the 17 meropenem resistant isolates carried bla gene, but it was not found in meropenem sensitive isolates. In addition, sixty (75.0%) of 80 isolates were biofilm producers with 2 (2.5%), 16 (20.0%), and 42 (52.5%) isolates were identified as strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Most of A. baumannii isolates had a high level of antibiotic resistance and had a capacity to produce biofilm.
Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Acinetobacter baumannii; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biofilms; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Indonesia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tertiary Care Centers; Young Adult; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 30350807
DOI: No ID Found -
3 Biotech Jul 2018Phosphate (PO) accumulation associated with bacteria contributes to efficient remediation of eutrophic waters and has attracted attention due to its low cost, high...
Phosphate (PO) accumulation associated with bacteria contributes to efficient remediation of eutrophic waters and has attracted attention due to its low cost, high removal efficiency and environmental friendliness. In the present study, we isolated six strains from sludge with high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels. Among them, strain LH4 exhibited the greatest PO removal ability. Strain LH4 is typical of based on physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses and is a PO-accumulating organism (PAO) based on toluidine blue staining. The strain grew quickly when subjected to aerobic medium after pre-incubation under anaerobic condition, with a maximum OD of 1.429 after 8 h and PO removal efficiency of 99%. Our data also indicated that this strain preferred utilizing the carbon (C) sources sodium formate and sodium acetate and the nitrogen (N) sources NHCl and (NH)SO over other compounds. To achieve optimal PO removal efficiency, a C:N ratio of 5:1, inoculation concentration of 3%, solution pH of 6, incubation temperature of 30 °C, and shaking speed of 100 rpm were recommended for strain LH4. By incubating this strain with different concentrations of PO, we calculated that its relative PO removal capacity ranged from 0.67 to 3.84 mg L h, ranking in the top three among reported PAOs. Our study provided a new PO-accumulating bacterial strain that holds promise for remediating eutrophic waters, and its potential for large-scale use warrants further investigation.
PubMed: 30023145
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1338-4 -
PloS One 2017To investigate the effects of Kluyveromyces marxianus on immune responses, intestinal structure and microbiota in broilers, 840 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly...
To investigate the effects of Kluyveromyces marxianus on immune responses, intestinal structure and microbiota in broilers, 840 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (eight replicates) and were fed basal diets without or with 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg of K. marxianus (2.0×1010 CFU/g). Serum and intestine samples were collected at 21 d of age. The results showed that increasing K. marxianus addition linearly reduced feed conversion ratio but linearly elevated relative thymus weight, as well as quadratically increased serum lysozyme and IgG levels, with the medium dose (1.0 g/kg) being the most effective. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum, ileal villus height and sucrase activity, as well as the mRNA expression of ileal mucin-2, claudin-1 and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 linearly responded to the increasing K. marxianus addition. Supplemental K. marxianus at low (0.5 g/kg), medium (1.5 g/kg) and high (2.5 g/kg) dose all decreased the abundance of phylum Cyanobacteria, increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus in ileum. The high dose of K. marxianus addition also reduced the abundance of order Rickettsiales and Pseudomonadales along with species Acinetobacter junii. Ileal bacterial communities between K. marxianus-treated and untreated groups formed distinctly different clusters. In summary, K. marxianus supplementation benefits feed efficiency and immune function, as well as intestinal structure in broilers, which might be attributed to the improved ileal microbial structure. Supplemental K. marxianus at high dose (2.5 g/kg) was more effective for feed efficiency and intestinal health of broilers, while the innate immunity was optimized at a medium dose (1.0 g/kg).
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Claudin-1; Intestines; Kluyveromyces; Microbiota; Mucin-2; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1
PubMed: 28700666
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180884 -
PloS One 2017Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. Currently, LC has a low five year survival rates relative...
Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. Currently, LC has a low five year survival rates relative to other cancers, and thus, novel methods to screen for and diagnose malignancies are necessary to improve patient outcomes. Here, we report on a pilot-sized study to evaluate the potential of the sputum microbiome as a source of non-invasive bacterial biomarkers for lung cancer status and stage. Spontaneous sputum samples were collected from ten patients referred with possible LC, of which four were eventually diagnosed with LC (LC+), and six had no LC after one year (LC-). Of the seven bacterial species found in all samples, Streptococcus viridans was significantly higher in LC+ samples. Seven further bacterial species were found only in LC-, and 16 were found only in samples from LC+. Additional taxonomic differences were identified in regards to significant fold changes between LC+ and LC-cases, with five species having significantly higher abundances in LC+, with Granulicatella adiacens showing the highest level of abundance change. Functional differences, evident through significant fold changes, included polyamine metabolism and iron siderophore receptors. G. adiacens abundance was correlated with six other bacterial species, namely Enterococcus sp. 130, Streptococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, S. viridans, Acinetobacter junii, and Streptococcus sp. 6, in LC+ samples only, which could also be related to LC stage. Spontaneous sputum appears to be a viable source of bacterial biomarkers which may have utility as biomarkers for LC status and stage.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Sputum
PubMed: 28542458
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177062 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016Biosurfactant producers are crucial for incremental oil production in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) processes. The isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria...
Biosurfactant producers are crucial for incremental oil production in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) processes. The isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from oil reservoirs is important because they are considered suitable for the extreme conditions of the reservoir. In this work, a novel biosurfactant-producing strain BD was isolated from a reservoir to reduce surface tension and emulsify crude oil. The biosurfactants produced by the strain were purified and then identified via electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR-MS). The biosurfactants generated by the strain were concluded to be rhamnolipids, the dominant rhamnolipids were CHO, CHO, and CHO. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source for biomass and biosurfactant production were NaNO and soybean oil. The results showed that the content of acid components increased with the progress of crude oil biodegradation. A glass micromodel test demonstrated that the strain significantly increased oil recovery through interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration and the mobility of microorganisms. In summary, the findings of this study indicate that the newly developed BD strain and its metabolites have great potential in MEOR.
PubMed: 27872613
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01710 -
New Microbes and New Infections May 2016
PubMed: 27257491
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.02.008