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African Journal of Disability 2018Aphasia is an acquired impairment in language and in the cognitive processes that underlie language. Aphasia affects the quality of life of the person with aphasia (PWA)...
BACKGROUND
Aphasia is an acquired impairment in language and in the cognitive processes that underlie language. Aphasia affects the quality of life of the person with aphasia (PWA) and his or her families in various ways in diverse contexts and cultures. It is therefore important that speech language therapists understand how different contextual and cultural factors may mediate experiences.
PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to describe the caregiving experience of female caregivers of PWA residing in Tembisa, a township situated in the east of Johannesburg.
METHOD
Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of PWA. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 14 primary caregivers of PWA who were daughters, daughters-in-law or wives of the PWA. The interviews were conducted in participants' first language and analysed by the researcher, who is proficient in isiZulu. Data were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Findings indicated that caregivers are unfamiliar with aphasia and the support available to them. Participants experienced frustration and found communication to be challenging owing to their lack of communication strategies. The participants' experiences reflected their context-specific experiences, such as feminisation of caregiving, barriers to healthcare, the influence of low health literacy and contextual perspectives on stroke and aphasia.
CONCLUSIONS
Contextual factors of caregivers in Tembisa have an influence on the experiences between caregivers and PWA, the feelings of individuals and families and health-seeking behaviours of individuals and families.
PubMed: 29535917
DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v7i0.368 -
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency... Aug 2016Lessons were learned with trans women who participated (as volunteers and investigators) in trials of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Trans women are not men....
Lessons were learned with trans women who participated (as volunteers and investigators) in trials of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Trans women are not men. Compared with men who have sex with men, trans women trial participants were more likely to be involved with transactional sex, had more sexual partners, and were less likely to have PrEP medications detected in blood. Trans women define themselves differently in different cultures. One best practice is to ask at least 2 gender questions: sex assigned at birth and current gender. More information is needed to fully situate PrEP efficacy for trans women, including analysis of drug-drug interactions between PrEP medications and feminizing hormones and PrEP drug penetration into neovaginal tissues. Including trans women in studies is helpful only if their participation is specifically reported, as could occur in a table of baseline characteristics of the enrolled cohort. Gender-affirming care is important to foster appropriate uptake and use of PrEP. Such care includes use of preferred pronouns and names, safety to use the bathroom of choice, and access to gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery. The consistent finding that PrEP works when taken across diverse populations having diverse practices related to gender, sexual intercourse, and hormone use provides a basis for offering PrEP to people at substantial risk of acquiring HIV although some subgroups may not have been fully represented in trials. Nonetheless, specific PrEP implementation science for trans women (and men) is essential to develop best practices for PrEP delivery and use.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Minority Groups; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 27429187
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001090 -
Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde Dec 2015The shortage of skilled personnel is ubiquitous, basic and further training is a key aspect in the recruitment of new medical colleagues. The significance of the...
The shortage of skilled personnel is ubiquitous, basic and further training is a key aspect in the recruitment of new medical colleagues. The significance of the nursing practicum in its function as gateway to the gynaecology and obstetrics discipline is practically unexplored. In an online questionnaire, medical students in all German faculties were questioned about the practica in their courses. The questionnaire reached 9079 medical students. 149 participants in nursing practica were selectively asked to answer 140 questions. We analysed those students who could, on the basis of their experiences in nursing practica, imagine undertaking an internship (clinical elective) in gynaecology (internship yes "Iy") separately from those who could not or were still undecided (internship no "In" or, respectively, internship perhaps "Ip"). Altogether 149 medical students who participated in a nursing practicum in the gynaecology discipline were selected, of these 94.9 % were female. 92 (61.7 %) of the students replied that, after their gynaecological nursing practicum, they wanted to undertake an internship in gynaecology (Iy); 39 (26.2 %) answered negatively (In) and 18 (12.1 %) were still undecided (Ip). With regard to the parameters gender, age and duration of study, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups (χ 0.83). Besides the didactic and professional quality of the training, Iy also mentioned having had a higher practical orientation. They attained their aims more frequently, were better integrated in the health-care team and acquired more practical competences. Satisfaction with the practicum was evaluated as highest among the Iy. Those students who could imagine taking an internship in gynaecology were seen to be more satisfied with their practica than those participants who declined or were undecided. The high proportion of females is an early indicator for a feminisation of the specialty. If necessary this could be countered with the help of nursing management.
PubMed: 26726269
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558053 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2015To understand the evolution of AIDS over time in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using incidence, lethality, and mortality coefficients.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the evolution of AIDS over time in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using incidence, lethality, and mortality coefficients.
METHODS
A descriptive epidemiological study based on time series analysis of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System reported between 1985 and 2012.
RESULTS
The prevalence of AIDS was higher among men, with evidence of feminization during the first 14 years of the epidemic. There was no statistically significant sex difference in AIDS lethality. Women were 1.3 times more likely to survive than men.
CONCLUSIONS
Gender differences must be considered when designing new HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Brazil; Disease Notification; Epidemics; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Sex Factors
PubMed: 26434805
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.08.007 -
Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem Mar 2015The aim of this study was to create a term base for nursing practices with elderly women with HIV/AIDS. This documental descriptive research was conducted at the...
The aim of this study was to create a term base for nursing practices with elderly women with HIV/AIDS. This documental descriptive research was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Paraíba, from August 2012 to July 2013, based on a list of terms from the Integrated Plan to Combat the Feminization of AIDS and other STDs. These terms were cross-mapped with those of the International Classification for Nursing Practices 2011 (CIPEr 2011) and use of these terms in nursing practices was confirmed with the help of 15 participants. The base comprised 106 constant terms and 69 non-constant terms in the CIPEr 2011. Results revealed the need to reconsider nursing care for elderly women with HIV/AIDS in light of epidemiological changes in relation to aging and feminization of the disease. The term base will support the construction of more appropriate wording for nursing diagnoses, results and interventions for elderly women with HIV/AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Databases as Topic; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 26098799
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2015.01.46671 -
Oncology Letters Dec 2014Adrenocortical neoplasms (ACNs) are rare and poorly characterized in infants. The true incidence of ACNs is not well known and it appears to vary substantially across...
Adrenocortical neoplasms (ACNs) are rare and poorly characterized in infants. The true incidence of ACNs is not well known and it appears to vary substantially across different geographical areas. ACNs are more common in females and two peaks of incidence have been identified: The first year of life and between the age of nine and 16 years. Due to the heterogeneity and rarity of ACNs, their pathological and prognostic classification is challenging. The current study describes the case of a seven-year-old male, who presented to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Siena (Siena, Italy) with a feminization syndrome and increased somatic growth that was associated with a unilateral adrenal mass, which was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical excision of the mass was performed and histological analysis determined that it was an ACN, with a low risk of malignity; however, the pathological classification of the tumor was challenging. At present, the future behavior of ACNs is unpredictable. Therefore, increasing the knowledge surrounding this type of tumor may aid in its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Due to the rarity of pediatric ACNs, no single pediatric oncology center has acquired extensive experience treating this type of tumor. Thus, the initiation of an international tumor registry may aid with the management of patients presenting with ACNs.
PubMed: 25364453
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2584