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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2021: species are part of the normal flora of humans and rarely cause disease. It is an uncommon cause of disease in humans. The clinical features of actinomycosis have...
: species are part of the normal flora of humans and rarely cause disease. It is an uncommon cause of disease in humans. The clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, and various anatomical sites (such as face, bones and joints, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, digestive tract, central nervous system, skin, and soft tissue structures) can be affected. It is not easy to identify actinomycosis because it sometimes mimics cancer due to under-recognition. As new diagnostic methods have been applied, can now more easily be identified at the species level. Recent studies have also highlighted differences among species. We report a case of bacteremia with cutaneous actinomycosis. : A 66 years old male developed fever for a day with progressive right lower-leg erythematous swelling. Blood culture isolates yielded species, which was identified as by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, we searched for the term or actinomycosis cross-referenced with bacteremia or "blood culture" or "blood stream" from January 2010 to July 2020. The infectious diseases caused by species of from January 1977 to July 2020 were also reviewed. : The patient recovered well after intravenous ampicillin treatment. Poor oral hygiene was confirmed by dental examination. There were no disease relapses during the following period. Most cases of actinomycosis can be treated with penicillin. However, clinical alertness, risk factor evaluation, and identification of species can prevent inappropriate antibiotic or intervention. We also compiled a total of 18 cases of bacteremia after conducting an online database search. : In summary, we describe a case of fever and progressive cellulitis. species was isolated from blood culture, which was further identified as by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cellulitis improved after pathogen-directed antibiotics. Evaluation of risk factors in patients with bacteremia and further identification of the species are recommended for successful treatment.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Actinomycosis; Aged; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34684101
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101064 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional...
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional mechanical debridement are being suggested to optimize the treatment of PI. The goal of the study was the assessment of the disinfection potential of the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser on contaminated titanium implant surfaces. A total of 72 sterile titanium discs were used and divided into three groups: 24 contaminated titanium discs treated with the laser (study Group L), 24 contaminated titanium discs with no treatment (control 1-Group C), and 24 sterile titanium discs with no treatment (control 2-Group S). Multi-species biofilm was used: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Prevotella intermedia. Commensal bacteria were included also: Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Veillonella parvula. Parameters delivered per pulse on the targeted surfaces of the titanium discs were an energy density of 0.597 J/cm each pulse, a pulse power of 270 mW, a laser beam spot of 2.4 mm in diameter, and a rate of repetition of 10 Hertz (Hz) for a pulse duration of 6 nanoseconds (ns). The mode was no contact, and a distance of 500 micrometers was used with a total time of irradiation equal to 2 s (s). The collection of microbiological samples was made for all groups; colony-forming units (CFU) were identified by two different practitioners, and the average of their examinations was considered for each sample. The average of the TBC (CFU/mL) was calculated for each group. Values were 0.000 CFU/mL, 4767 CFU/mL, and 0.000 CFU/mL for Group L, Group C, and Group S, respectively. Therefore, the suggested treatment protocol was able to provoke a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces. A statistical difference was only found between Group L vs. Group C and between Group S vs. Group C. The difference was not significant between Group S and Group L. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser under our specific conditions can provide a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces.
PubMed: 34683666
DOI: 10.3390/ma14206078 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2021This study is aimed to test the efficacy of C-10 Massoia lactone in oral polymicrobial degradation. Polymicrobial of , , , and were studied. C-10 Massoia lactone...
This study is aimed to test the efficacy of C-10 Massoia lactone in oral polymicrobial degradation. Polymicrobial of , , , and were studied. C-10 Massoia lactone against biofilm degradation was investigated using modified crystal violet for biofilm staining. The effectiveness of C-10 Massoia lactone against biofilms was calculated by the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the minimum value of biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Scanning electron microscope was used to study biofilm cell viability and morphological changes. The results showed a degradation effect of C-10 Massoia lactone against mature oral polymicrobial at 0.25% v/v. C-10 Massoia lactone can degrade polymicrobial biofilms of , , and . This compound can destroy the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of polymicrobial biofilms. The potential application of C-10 Massoia lactone for anti-polymicrobial medication should be applied in such a way that any negative effects are minimized. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study.
PubMed: 33532362
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_105_20 -
Cellular Microbiology Aug 2021Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We...
Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We previously reported that its invasive efficiency was dependent on fimbriae types. In addition, P. gulae LPS increased inflammatory responses via toll-like receptors. The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of P. gulae proteases in bacterial and host cell biology. Porphyromonas gulae strains showed an ability to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes and also demonstrated co-aggregation with Actinomyces viscosus, while the protease inhibitors antipain, PMSF, TLCK and leupeptin diminished P. gulae proteolytic activity, resulting in inhibition of haemagglutination and co-aggregation with A. viscosus. In addition, specific proteinase inhibitors were found to reduce bacterial cell growth. Porphyromonas gulae inhibited Ca9-22 cell proliferation in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, P. gulae-induced decreases in cell contact and adhesion-related proteins were accompanied by a marked change in cell morphology from well spread to rounded. In contrast, inhibition of protease activity prevented degradation of proteins, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase, and also blocked inhibition of cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate suppression of the amount of human proteins, such as γ-globulin, fibrinogen and fibronectin, by P. gulae proteases, suggesting that a novel protease complex contributes to bacterial virulence.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33486854
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13312 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the...
Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the complexity in identifying them for most clinical laboratories, there is scant knowledge about their real clinical significance. In this work, 166 isolates of 13 different species of Actinomyces/Actinotignum species recovered from clinical samples of patients treated in a university hospital were studied. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. MALDI-TOF MS identified 91.57% of the isolates (152/166) at the species level using a score ≥ 1.7 and 3.61% (6/166) of the isolates were identified only at the gender level with a score ≥ 1.5. MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable identification results for 4.82% (8/166) of the isolates. Actinomyces/Actinotignum species were isolated from: soft tissue (n: 47), urine samples (n: 35), head / neck abscesses (n: 19), genital abscesses (n: 11), blood samples (n: 10), breast abscesses (n: 8), osteoarticular samples (n: 6), abdominal/ascitic fluids (n: 3), abdominal abscesses (n: 5), sputum/BAL (n: 4), brain abscesses (n: 3), and others (n: 15). The results obtained from the statistical analysis showed a high differential frequency (> 2) for the location/species association: urine/A. schaalii/sanguinis; brain abscesses/A. europaeus; osteoarticular samples/A. urogenitalis; abdominal abscesses/ A. turicensis; respiratory samples/A. naeslundii/viscosus. This information provides a greater understanding of the clinical and epidemiological relevance of these species. The pathogenic role of Actinomyces spp. will be increasingly revealed as these microorganisms could be recognized thanks to prolonged culture and the advances in identification technology facilitated by MALDI-TOF MS.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Hospitals; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33402284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.11.005 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28...
This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28 periodontally healthy subjects, 24 with Stage I periodontitis, 24 with Stage II, 23 with Stage III, and 22 with Stage IV. Salivary proteins (including active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), pro-MMP-8, total MMP-8, C-reactive protein, secretory immunoglobulin A) and planktonic bacteria (including , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ) were measured from salivary samples. The performance of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The diagnostic models were constructed based on the subjects' proteins and/or microbial profiles, resulting in two potential diagnosis models that achieved better diagnostic powers, with an AUC value > 0.750 for the diagnosis of Stages II, III, and IV periodontitis (Model PA-I; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.754, specificity: 0.712) and for the diagnosis of Stages III and IV periodontitis (Model PA-II; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.756, specificity: 0.868). This study can contribute to screening for periodontitis based on salivary biomarkers.
PubMed: 33066545
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100820 -
Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 2020is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presentations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case...
is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presentations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case of vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient who had a significant response to penicillin after minimal response to cephalosporin therapy.
PubMed: 32983847
DOI: 10.5194/jbji-6-39-2020 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2020This study compares the metabolic properties of kojibiose, trehalose, sucrose, and xylitol upon incubation with representative oral bacteria as monocultures or synthetic...
This study compares the metabolic properties of kojibiose, trehalose, sucrose, and xylitol upon incubation with representative oral bacteria as monocultures or synthetic communities or with human salivary bacteria in a defined medium. Compared to sucrose and trehalose, kojibiose resisted metabolism during a 48-h incubation with monocultures, except for Incubations with -based communities, as well as salivary bacteria, displayed kojibiose metabolism, yet to a lesser extent than sucrose and trehalose. Concurring with our findings, screening for carbohydrate-active enzymes revealed that only spp. and possess enzymes from glycohydrolase (GH) families GH65 and GH15, respectively, which are associated with kojibiose metabolism. Donor-dependent differences in salivary microbiome composition were noted, and differences in pH drop during incubation indicated different rates of sugar metabolism. However, functional analysis indicated that lactate, acetate, and formate evenly dominated the metabolic profile for all sugars except for xylitol. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and α-diversity markers revealed that a significant shift of the microbiome community by sugars was more pronounced in sucrose and trehalose than in kojibiose and xylitol. In spp., a taxon linked to cariogenesis dominated in sucrose (mean ± standard deviation, 91.8 ± 6.4%) and trehalose (55.9 ± 38.6%), representing a high diversity loss. In contrast, (5.1 ± 3.7%) was less abundant in kojibiose, which instead was dominated by (26.8 ± 19.6%), while for xylitol, (29.4 ± 19.1%) was most abundant. Overall, kojibiose and xylitol incubations stimulated cariogenic species less yet closely maintained an abundance of key phyla and genera of the salivary microbiome, suggesting that kojibiose has low cariogenic properties. This study provides a detailed scientific insight on the metabolism of a rare disaccharide, kojibiose, whose mass production has recently been made possible. While the resistance of kojibiose was established with monocultures, delayed utilization of kojibiose was observed with communities containing lactobacilli and as well as with complex communities of bacteria from human saliva. Kojibiose is, therefore, less metabolizable than sucrose and trehalose. Moreover, although conventional sugars cause distinct shifts in salivary microbial communities, our study has revealed that kojibiose is able to closely maintain the salivary microbiome composition, suggesting its low cariogenic properties. This study furthermore underscores the importance and relevance of microbial culture and mixed cultures to study cariogenicity and substrate utilization; this is in sharp contrast with tests that solely rely on monocultures such as , which clearly fail to capture complex interactions between oral microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Disaccharides; Humans; Kinetics; Microbiota; Mouth; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sucrose; Sugars; Trehalose; Xylitol
PubMed: 32561577
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01170-20 -
Biomedicines Jun 2020Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents.
METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against and Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25-50 μg/mL against (CCARM 5511) 6.25-25 μg/mL against (KACC11954) and (CCARM 3506), 1.56-25 μg/mL against (KACC 13234), 3.125-100 μg/mL against (KACC16833), 1.56-100 μg/mL against (KCTC5809) and (KCTC 5352), 3.125-50 μg/mL against (KCTC 9146) and 3.125-12.5 μg/mL against (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against . Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.
PubMed: 32549271
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060160 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Aug 2020Dental caries is the most common disease in the human mouth. is the primary cariogenic bacterium. Propolis is a nontoxic natural product with a strong inhibitory effect...
Dental caries is the most common disease in the human mouth. is the primary cariogenic bacterium. Propolis is a nontoxic natural product with a strong inhibitory effect on oral cariogenic bacteria. The polyphenol-rich extract from propolis inhibits growth and biofilm formation, as well as the genes involved in virulence and adherence, through the inhibition of glucosyltransferases (GTF). However, because the chemical composition of propolis is highly variable and complex, the mechanism of its antimicrobial action and the active compound are controversial and not completely understood. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is abundant in the polyphenolic compounds from propolis, and it has many pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of CAPE on common oral cariogenic bacteria (, , , and ) and its effects on the biofilm-forming and cariogenic abilities of CAPE shows remarkable antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Moreover, CAPE also inhibits the formation of biofilms and their metabolic activity in mature biofilms. Furthermore, CAPE can inhibit the key virulence factors of associated with cariogenicity, including acid production, acid tolerance, and the bacterium's ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), without affecting bacterial viability at subinhibitory levels. In conclusion, CAPE appears to be a new agent with anticariogenic potential, not only via inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Caffeic Acids; Dental Caries; Humans; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32540977
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00251-20