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Biomedical Reports Aug 2024Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries and is considered the standard treatment for cholelithiasis. However, it is associated...
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries and is considered the standard treatment for cholelithiasis. However, it is associated with a risk of bile duct or hepatic artery injuries. This study evaluated the safety of LCs and the conversion rate (CR) by achieving a critical view of safety (CVS) and identification of Rouviere's sulcus (RS). This was a single-group cohort study that included consecutive patients undergoing LC at Smart Health Tower (Sulaimani, Iraq) from January 2021 to January 2023. The data were prospectively collected from patients' profiles or surgical notes within the hospital's database. A total of 419 patients underwent LC, of which females were the predominant gender (78.5%). The mean and median ages of the cases were 46.3±15.8 and 45 years, with a range of 2-90 years, respectively. The most common indications for surgery were biliary colic (69.5%), followed by acute cholecystitis (23.9%). The duration of the operations was significantly shorter for cases in which the CVS (45.6±17.9 min) or identification of RS (45.6±18.6 min) was achieved compared to those where the CVS (63.7±27.7 min) or RS (50.7±21.7 min) was not observed. Surgeries for patients with both CVS achievement and RS identification were also significantly less time-consuming (44.3±17.6) than counterparts (53.3±22.6). Among the cases without CVS achievement or RS identification (n=97, 23%), eight (8.2%) had adhesions, 12 (12.4%) had a distended gallbladder (GB) and 10 (10.3%) had thick GB walls. In addition, four (4.1%) experienced GB perforation, two (2.1%) had bleeding and one (1%) had stone spillage. There was no conversion. The achievement of CVS and identification of RS are practical landmarks in performing safe LC and decreasing the CR.
PubMed: 38872852
DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1798 -
Cureus May 2024A rare disorder called situs inversus partialis (SIP) is characterized by the transposition of organs in the abdomen or thoracic cavity from one side of the body to the...
A rare disorder called situs inversus partialis (SIP) is characterized by the transposition of organs in the abdomen or thoracic cavity from one side of the body to the other (the mirror image of normal). Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, rare genetic mutations, and X-linked recessive inheritance patterns have been identified to be involved in this condition. Laparoscopic cholecystectomies have been successfully performed on patients with SIT. Due to challenges in spatial orientation and the identification of anatomical variations brought on by the abdominal organs' mirror image, surgery is more complicated and takes longer. We describe a 40-year-old female case who had acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was used to treat this patient, a highly effective procedure for both the treatment and care of these patients. Post-surgical examination and follow-up revealed improvement in the patient's condition without subsequent complications.
PubMed: 38868289
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60172 -
Cureus May 2024Cholangiocarcinoma of the common bile duct (CBD) presenting as empyema of the gallbladder is a rare entity that poses a risk of septicemia, septic shock, peritonitis,...
Cholangiocarcinoma of the common bile duct (CBD) presenting as empyema of the gallbladder is a rare entity that poses a risk of septicemia, septic shock, peritonitis, and abscess formation. This case report describes an elderly female presenting with pain in the right hypochondrium, a positive Murphy's sign, and a history of regurgitation and constipation. It highlights the value of imaging in the early diagnosis of this rare presentation of underlying malignancy. The most common cause of empyema of the gallbladder is acute cholecystitis, followed by gallbladder neck obstruction by a calculus. This report discusses the important role of imaging supported by clinical history, examination, laboratory tests, and histopathological findings to diagnose this rare presentation of empyema of the gallbladder as a complication of underlying cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally, it briefly discusses the change in the management line for cholangiocarcinoma patients with complications such as gallbladder perforation and septicemia. The study concludes that the possibility of underlying bile duct malignancy cannot be overlooked in patients with similar symptoms, particularly among the elderly.
PubMed: 38864065
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59865 -
Oxford Medical Case Reports Jun 2024Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin. Due to its wide range of activity and acceptable safety profile, it is frequently prescribed to paediatric patients....
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin. Due to its wide range of activity and acceptable safety profile, it is frequently prescribed to paediatric patients. However, there are several documented cases of reports of uncommon adverse events, such as cholecystitis, linked to the use of ceftriaxone. This study discusses the case of an 8-year-old female patient who developed cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder, after being treated with ceftriaxone. The patient presented with right upper quadrant pain, associated with nausea. Imaging studies showed the presence of stones and shadowing sludge, leading to acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Prompt cessation of ceftriaxone and supportive treatment led to the resolution of cholecystitis and the complete disappearance of the sludge and stones. The study highlights that early identification and withdrawal of the antibiotic can lead to successful therapy and the avoidance of unnecessary surgical procedures.
PubMed: 38860015
DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omae062 -
BMC Urology Jun 2024To present the experience of ileal ureter with ileocystoplasty (IUC), and compare the outcomes of IUC in minimally invasive procedures to open procedures. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To present the experience of ileal ureter with ileocystoplasty (IUC), and compare the outcomes of IUC in minimally invasive procedures to open procedures.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From December 2017 to April 2023, twenty patients underwent IUC in open or minimally invasive (including laparoscopic and robotic) procedures. The baseline characteristics, perioperative data and follow-up outcomes were collected. Success was defined as relief of clinical symptoms, stable postoperative serum creatine and absence of radiographic obstruction. The perioperative and follow-up outcomes of open procedures and minimally invasive procedures were compared.
RESULTS
The etiology included pelvic irradiation (14/20), urinary tuberculosis (3/20) and surgical injury (3/20). Bilateral ureter strictures were repaired in 15 cases. The surgeries conducted consisted of open procedures in 9 patients and minimally invasive procedures in 11 patients. Compared to open procedures, minimally invasive surgeries had less median estimated blood loss (EBL) (100 ml vs. 300 min, p = 0.010) and shorter postoperative hospitalization (27 d vs. 13 d, p = 0.004). Two patients in the open group experienced grade 3 complications (sigmoid fistula and acute cholecystitis in one patient, and pulmonary embolism in another patient). Over a median follow-up period of 20.1 months, the median bladder functional capacity was 300 ml, with a 100% success rate of IUC.
CONCLUSION
IUC is feasible in both open and minimally invasive procedures, with acceptable complications and a high success rate. Minimally invasive procedures can have less EBL and shorter postoperative hospitalization than open procedure. However, prospective studies with larger groups and longer follow-up are needed.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Ileum; Adult; Treatment Outcome; Middle Aged; Urinary Bladder; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Ureter; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Laparoscopy; Aged; Robotic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 38858691
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01509-5 -
PloS One 2024Cholecystectomy remains the standard management for acute cholecystitis. Given that rates of nonoperative management have increased, we hypothesize the existence of...
BACKGROUND
Cholecystectomy remains the standard management for acute cholecystitis. Given that rates of nonoperative management have increased, we hypothesize the existence of significant hospital-level variability in operative rates. Thus, we characterized patients who were managed nonoperatively at normal and lower operative hospitals (>90th percentile).
METHODS
All adult admissions for acute cholecystitis were queried using the 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Centers were ranked by nonoperative rate using multi-level, mixed effects modeling. Hospitals in the top decile of nonoperative rate (>9.4%) were classified as Low Operative Hospitals (LOH; others:nLOH). Separate regression models were created to determine factors associated with nonoperative management at LOH and nLOH.
RESULTS
Of an estimated 418,545 patients, 9.9% were managed at 880 LOH. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that 20.6% of the variability was due to hospital factors alone. After adjustment, older age (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.02/year, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01-1.02) and public insurance (Medicare AOR 1.31, CI 1.21-1.43 and Medicaid AOR 1.43, CI 1.31-1.57; reference: Private Insurance) were associated with nonoperative management at LOH. These were similar at nLOH. At LOH, SNH status (AOR 1.17, CI 1.07-1.28) and small institution size (AOR 1.20, CI 1.09-1.34) were associated with increased odds of nonoperative management.
CONCLUSION
We noted a significant variability in the interhospital variation of the nonoperative management of acute cholecystitis. Nevertheless, comparable clinical and socioeconomic factors contribute to nonoperative management at both LOH and non-LOH. Directed strategies to address persistent non-clinical disparities are necessary to minimize deviation from standard protocol and ensure equitable care.
Topics: Humans; Cholecystitis, Acute; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; United States; Hospitals; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Cholecystectomy; Patient Readmission; Medicare; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38857278
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300851 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2024Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture presents a rare yet potentially fatal aetiology for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. While uncommon, its incidence has been rising...
INTRODUCTION
Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture presents a rare yet potentially fatal aetiology for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. While uncommon, its incidence has been rising with increased hepatobiliary surgical interventions, predominantly attributed to iatrogenic injury and rarely secondary to acute cholecystitis. Clinical manifestations typically include epigastric pain, upper GI haemorrhage, and obstructive jaundice. Due to its rarity, it is often excluded from initial differential diagnoses.
CASE REPORT
This is an unusual case of a 54-year-old male who presented with acute cholecystitis complicated by haemobilia and Mirizzi-like obstruction, in the setting of cystic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture. Initially, urgent transcatheter angiographic embolization of the cystic artery was performed to achieve hemodynamic stability. However, a triphasic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the first attempt was unsuccessful, necessitating a second embolization. Subsequent imaging confirmed satisfactory embolization; however, a small area of liver necrosis was observed adjacent to the gallbladder. The patient was stable at discharge from the hospital and had an uncomplicated interval cholecystectomy.
DISCUSSION
This case highlights the complexity and challenges associated with diagnosing and managing cystic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture. Diagnosis often relies on arterial phase contrast-enhanced CT scan. While no guideline currently exist, management typically involves achieving hemodynamic stability through Transcatheter angiographic embolization, followed by interval cholecystectomy.
CONCLUSION
Early recognition and intervention are crucial in managing cystic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture to prevent life-threatening haemorrhagic shock. Clinicians need to consider this rare condition in patients with upper GI bleeding and abnormal liver function tests.
PubMed: 38846883
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002038 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal...
Revolutionizing outcomes: endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage using innovative electrocautery enhanced-lumen apposing metal stents for high-risk surgical patients.
This study retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). Between January 1, 2021, and November 30, 2022, 58 high-risk surgical patients with AC underwent EUS-GBD with the novel electrocautery-enhanced LAMS. The technical success rate was 94.8% (55/58), with one case of duodenal perforation requiring surgery with complete stent migration and two of partial stent migration into the gallbladder. However, the clinical success rate was 100% (55/55). Recurrent AC occurred in 3.6% of the cases (2/55), managed with double pigtail plastic stents through the LAMS. Early AEs observed in 1.8% (1/55) due to stent obstruction. Late AEs occurred in 5.4% (3/55), including two cases of cholangitis and one of stent obstruction. For 33 patients followed over 6 months, LAMS maintenance was sustained in 30 cases. Two patients underwent double-pigtail plastic stent replacement after LAMS removal, and one underwent LAMS removal during surgery following tumor stage regression after chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. The novel electrocautery-enhanced LAMS demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates in high-risk surgical patients with AC, maintaining effective gallbladder drainage with minimal AEs during long-term follow-up, thus highlighting its efficacy and safety in challenging patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Drainage; Aged; Electrocoagulation; Stents; Endosonography; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Gallbladder; Aged, 80 and over; Treatment Outcome; Cholecystitis, Acute; Adult
PubMed: 38839798
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63608-5 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jul 2024Bilobed gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the duplication of the gallbladder. It presents a unique challenge for surgeons due to its infrequency...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Bilobed gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the duplication of the gallbladder. It presents a unique challenge for surgeons due to its infrequency and the potential for perioperative complications. Anatomical variations, including the presence of the subvesicle duct of Luschka, should be suspected in these cases.
CASE PRESENTATION
In our case report, we present the clinical details of a **23-year-old male** who presented with symptoms of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis. Preoperative imaging revealed a bilobed gallbladder, and incidentally, intraoperative evidence of the subvesicle duct/duct of Luschka was also observed during a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Importantly, the patient experienced no postoperative complications.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
This case highlights considering bilobed gallbladder as a differential diagnosis in patients with cholecystitis or cholangitis is crucial. Surgeons should be vigilant about this anomaly when evaluating patients with gallbladder-related symptoms.
CONCLUSION
We understand precise imaging plays a pivotal role in guiding surgical planning. Detecting bilobed gallbladder preoperatively allows for better assessment of biliary structures and helps prevent bile leaks during surgery. Although rare, awareness of bilobed gallbladder and its associated anatomical variants is essential for optimal patient management and successful surgical outcomes. Surgeons should remain attentive to such anomalies to ensure safe and effective procedures.
PubMed: 38838586
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109807 -
World Journal of Emergency Surgery :... Jun 2024Robotic surgery has gained widespread acceptance in elective interventions, yet its role in emergency procedures remains underexplored. While the 2021 WSES position... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The role of RObotic surgery in EMergency setting (ROEM): protocol for a multicentre, observational, prospective international study on the use of robotic platform in emergency surgery.
BACKGROUND
Robotic surgery has gained widespread acceptance in elective interventions, yet its role in emergency procedures remains underexplored. While the 2021 WSES position paper discussed limited studies on the application of robotics in emergency general surgery, it recommended strict patient selection, adequate training, and improved platform accessibility. This prospective study aims to define the role of robotic surgery in emergency settings, evaluating intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and assessing its feasibility and safety.
METHODS
The ROEM study is an observational, prospective, multicentre, international analysis of clinically stable adult patients undergoing robotic surgery for emergency treatment of acute pathologies including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and obstructed hernias. Data collection includes patient demographics and intervention details. Furthermore, data relating to the operating theatre team and the surgical instruments used will be collected in order to conduct a cost analysis. The study plans to enrol at least 500 patients from 50 participating centres, with each centre having a local lead and collaborators. All data will be collected and stored online through a secure server running the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web application. Ethical considerations and data governance will be paramount, requiring local ethical committee approvals from participating centres.
DISCUSSION
Current literature and expert consensus suggest the feasibility of robotic surgery in emergencies with proper support. However, challenges include staff training, scheduling conflicts with elective surgeries, and increased costs. The ROEM study seeks to contribute valuable data on the safety, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery in emergency settings, focusing on specific pathologies. Previous studies on cholecystitis, abdominal hernias, and diverticulitis provide insights into the benefits and challenges of robotic approaches. It is necessary to identify patient populations that benefit most from robotic emergency surgery to optimize outcomes and justify costs.
Topics: Humans; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Prospective Studies; Emergencies; Observational Studies as Topic; Cholecystitis; Diverticulitis
PubMed: 38835071
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-024-00542-x