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Clinical Nutrition Research Apr 2024The prevalence of metabolic syndrome caused by diets containing excessive fatty acids is increasing worldwide. Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit abnormal lipid...
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome caused by diets containing excessive fatty acids is increasing worldwide. Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit abnormal lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, increased levels of saturated fatty acids, impaired insulin sensitivity, excessive fat accumulation, and neuropathological issues such as memory deficits. In particular, palmitic acid (PA) in saturated fatty acids aggravates inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and synaptic failure. Recently, adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucose-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have been investigated to find therapeutic solutions for metabolic syndrome, with findings suggesting that they are involved in insulin sensitivity, enhanced lipid profiles, increased neuronal survival, and improved synaptic plasticity. We investigated the effects of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 on neurite outgrowth, length, and complexity in PA-treated primary cortical neurons using Sholl analysis. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 in enhancing synaptic plasticity within brains affected by metabolic imbalance. We underscore the need for additional research into the mechanisms by which adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 influence neural complexity in brains with metabolic imbalances.
PubMed: 38784850
DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.2.121 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2024Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the common carcinomas with a rising incidence of metastasis due to its advanced stage of presentation. The existing biomarkers such...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the common carcinomas with a rising incidence of metastasis due to its advanced stage of presentation. The existing biomarkers such as CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) etc., for prognosis, have low sensitivity and specificity. Hence a need for a newer definitive biomarker. Obesity is the leading cause of CRC. Leptin and adiponectin secreted by adipose tissue have been studied as potential biomarkers in the field of CRC. The present study helps to understand the association of leptin and adiponectin receptors with clinicopathological parameters.
OBJECTIVE
To correlate the various clinicopathological parameters with the tissue expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors in CRC.
METHODS
It is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Formalin fixed paraffin blocks of all radical resection CRC cases were collected and immunohistochemistry (IHC)was carried out on tumor tissue for leptin and adiponectin receptor. Tumor characteristics and clinical parameters were collected from the hospital medical records. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used.
RESULTS
Immunohistochemistry was performed on 60 cases of CRC. Significant positive correlation of leptin was observed with size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and grade of tumor (P<0.05). A significant correlation between adiponectin receptor and CRC was observed concerning age, stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and grade of tumor.
CONCLUSION
Positive expression of leptin and negative expression of adiponectin receptors in CRC helps to predict the risk of metastasis.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Leptin; Receptors, Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm Staging; Adult; Receptors, Leptin; Neoplasm Grading; Lymphatic Metastasis
PubMed: 38775586
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.24612024-016 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have high mortality risk, and prognostic values of the major cardiovascular biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain...
Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have high mortality risk, and prognostic values of the major cardiovascular biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and adiponectin should be ascertained over longer follow-up periods using higher-sensitivity assays, which we undertook. In 221 HD patients, levels of high-sensitivity (hs)-cTnI, NT-proBNP, and adiponectin, were measured using high-sensitivity assays, and their associations with all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were prospectively investigated for 7 years. Higher hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP levels were significant risk factors for ACM and CVM in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses in a model including hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP identified log hs-cTnI, but not log NT-proBNP, as an independent risk factor for ACM (HR 2.12, P < 0.02) and CVM (HR 4.48, P < 0.0005). Stepwise analyses identified a high hs-cTnI tertile as a risk factor for ACM (HR 2.31, P < 0.01) and CVM (HR 6.70, P < 0.001). The addition of hs-cTnI to a model including age, CRP, DM, and NT-proBNP significantly improved the discrimination of ACM and CVM each over 7 years. Conclusively, hs-cTnI was superior to NT-proBNP and adiponectin in predicting ACM and CVM over 7 years in HD patients, suggesting the significance of baseline hs-cTnI measurements in long-term management.
Topics: Humans; Adiponectin; Troponin I; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Renal Dialysis; Male; Female; Peptide Fragments; Aged; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 38769120
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62491-4 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) is a cardio-metabolic health protector. Objectives: (1) to compare body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Integrated neuromuscular training intervention applied in schools induces a higher increase in salivary high molecular weight adiponectin and a more favorable body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in children as compared to the traditional physical education classes.
BACKGROUND
High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) is a cardio-metabolic health protector. Objectives: (1) to compare body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength (MS) in healthy school-children depending on their baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration; and (2) to apply a 3-month integrated neuromuscular training (INT) and evaluate its effects on salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration, BMI, CRF and MS in the same children. Additional goal: to identify if any potential changes during the 3-month period may be related to a potential change in salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration.
METHODS
Ninety children (7.4 ± 0.3 years) were recruited in primary schools and randomly allocated into control or intervention group. The intervention consisted of a 3-month INT applied during physical education (PE) classes, twice-weekly, while the control group had traditional PE classes. Body mass and height were measured, BMI was calculated and HMW-adiponectin was quantified in saliva. To assess CRF and MS, 800 m-run and hand-dynamometry were applied, respectively. All measurements were performed twice, at baseline and after 3 months.
RESULTS
Children with higher baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin have more favorable BMI ( = 0.006) and slightly higher CRF ( = 0.017) in comparison to the children with lower baseline salivary-HMW-adiponectin. There were no big changes after the 3-month-period neither in the control, nor the INT group. However, it is worthy to note that the INT induced slightly higher increase in salivary-HMW-adiponectin ( = 0.007), and a slightly higher improvement in BMI ( = 0.028), CRF ( = 0.043) and MS ( = 0.003), as compared to the traditional PE classes. Finally, the INT-induced improvement in CRF was associated with the increased post-salivary-HMW-adiponectin concentration ( = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
Main findings may suggest the potential utility of an INT as a cost-effective strategy that can be applied in schools to induce cardio-protective effects in school-children.
Topics: Humans; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Body Mass Index; Child; Adiponectin; Male; Female; Saliva; Muscle Strength; Physical Education and Training; Schools; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 38756879
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337958 -
Cureus Apr 2024Aim This study aimed to assess the impact of forced repeated swimming stress on serum adiponectin and endothelin-1 levels in Wistar rats, comparing the effects between...
Aim This study aimed to assess the impact of forced repeated swimming stress on serum adiponectin and endothelin-1 levels in Wistar rats, comparing the effects between those fed a standard diet and those on a high-fat diet. Methods Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into two dietary groups: a standard food diet group (NFD, n=10) and a high-fat diet group (HFD, n=10). Both groups underwent daily forced swimming stress for six days, with durations increasing from 5 to 30 minutes. The protocol finished in an acute bout of swimming exercise on the seventh day with a duration of 40 minutes. Adherence to ethical guidelines was strictly maintained, and serum adiponectin and endothelin-1 levels were measured pre- and post-exercise using the ELISA method. Results Before swimming, the mean adiponectin levels were 4.30±1.50 ng/mL in the NFD group and 3.53±0.70 ng/mL in the HFD group. Post-exercise, these levels significantly decreased to 2.4±0.84 ng/mL (p=0.003) and 1.58±0.23 ng/mL (p=0.001), respectively. Endothelin-1 levels also showed significant decreases from 0.86 pg/mL (0.74-0.87) to 0.49 pg/mL (0.43-0.62) (p=0.003) in the NFD group, and from 0.89 pg/mL (0.86-0.93) to 0.69 pg/mL (0.60-0.75) (p=0.027) in the HFD group after swimming. Conclusion The study highlighted the significant effects of forced swimming stress on lowering serum adiponectin and endothelin-1 levels in Wistar rats, with more pronounced decreases observed in rats on a high-fat diet. The results of the study suggest the potential of exercise as a crucial component of strategies aimed at managing obesity and improving cardiovascular health, emphasizing the interaction between physical stress and dietary factors on metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers.
PubMed: 38756259
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58405 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329417.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329417.].
PubMed: 38751982
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1420295 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Apr 2024The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between adipokines in COVID-19 and its severity.
METHODS
A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using predefined keywords. The Newcastle of Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the quality assessment of included studies. The main summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in adipokine levels.
RESULTS
A total of 8 studies involving 473 individuals were included. A significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was demonstrated in mild vs. severe COVID-19 patients (-5.734 [95% CI -11.215 - -0.252]), with no significant MD in mild vs. moderate (-7.117 [95% CI -19.546 - 5.313]), or moderate vs. severe COVID-19 (-1.846 [95% CI -4.516 - 0.824]). Moreover, no significant MD was found in adiponectin and leptin levels when comparing COVID-19 patients vs. controls (-12.675 [95% CI -36.159 - 10.808]) and (8.034 [95% CI -10.403 - 26.471]), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Adiponectin levels were significantly increased in patients with severe compared to mild COVID-19. However, no significant MD was found in adiponectin levels in mild vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe COVID-19 patients, nor in adiponectin and leptin levels in COVID-19 patients vs. controls.
PubMed: 38746027
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2624 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2024Psoriasis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 2-3% of the global population, has transcended its dermatological confines, revealing a profound... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 2-3% of the global population, has transcended its dermatological confines, revealing a profound association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between psoriasis and cardiovascular system, delving into genetic links, immune pathways, and adipose tissue dysfunction beyond conventional CVD risk factors. The pathophysiological connections unveil unique signatures, distinct from other inflammatory skin conditions, in particular psoriasis-specific genetic polymorphisms in IL-23 and TNF-α have consistently been linked to CVD. The review navigates the complex landscape of psoriasis treatments, addressing challenges and future directions in particular relevance to CVDs in psoriasis. Therapeutic interventions, including TNF inhibitors (TNFi), present promise in reducing cardiovascular risks, and methotrexate could constitute a favourable choice. Conversely, the relationship between IL-12/23 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk remains uncertain, while recent evidence indicates that Janus kinase inhibitors may not carry CVD risks. Emerging evidence supports the safety and efficacy of IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors in patients with CVDs, hinting at evolving therapeutic paradigms. Lifestyle modifications, statins, and emerging therapies offer preventive strategies. Dedicated screening guidelines for CVD risk assessment in psoriasis are however lacking. Further, the impact of different disease phenotypes and treatment hierarchies in cardiovascular outcomes remains elusive, demanding ongoing research at the intersection of dermatology, rheumatology, and cardiology. In conclusion, unraveling the intricate connections between psoriasis and CVD provides a foundation for a holistic approach to patient care. Collaboration between specialties, advancements in screening methodologies, and a nuanced understanding of treatment impacts are essential for comprehensive cardiovascular risk management in individuals with psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Dermatologic Agents; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 38745849
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S464471 -
Polish Journal of Pathology : Official... 2024C1q/TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) has been reported to play roles in several types of retinal diseases. However, the role and the potential mechanism of CTRP9 in...
C1q/TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) has been reported to play roles in several types of retinal diseases. However, the role and the potential mechanism of CTRP9 in glaucoma are still incompletely understood. The expression of CTRP9 in OGD/R-induced retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Cell proliferation was identified by cell counting Kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot assay were performed to assess cell apoptosis. Unfolded protein response (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the AMPK pathway were evaluated by western blot assay. The data showed that the expression of CTRP9 was significantly downregulated in OGD/R-induced 661W cells. OGD/R treatment reduced cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and activated the UPR and ER stress. The overexpression of CTRP9 reversed the effects of OGD/R on 661W cell viability, apoptosis, the UPR and ER stress, as well as the AMPK pathway. However, Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK signaling, reversed the protection of CTRP9 overexpression against injury from OGD/R in 661W cells. In summary, the results revealed that CTRP9 abated the apoptosis and UPR of OGD/R-induced RGCs by regulating the AMPK pathway, which may provide a promising target for the treatment of glaucoma.
Topics: Apoptosis; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Unfolded Protein Response; Animals; Signal Transduction; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Mice; Cell Line; Adiponectin; Cell Survival; Glucose; Glaucoma; Glycoproteins
PubMed: 38741428
DOI: 10.5114/pjp.2024.136025 -
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2024In recent years, obesity has become one of the major diseases that affect human health and consume human health resources, especially when it causes comorbidities such... (Review)
Review
In recent years, obesity has become one of the major diseases that affect human health and consume human health resources, especially when it causes comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Many studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease and can exacerbate the progression of end-stage renal disease. This review described the mechanisms associated with the development of obesity-associated nephropathy and the current relevant therapeutic modalities, with the aim of finding new therapeutic targets for obesity-associated nephropathy. The mechanisms of obesity-induced renal injury include, in addition to the traditional alterations in renal hemodynamics, the involvement of various mechanisms such as macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, alterations in adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and ectopic deposition of lipids. At present, there is no "point-to-point" treatment for obesity-induced kidney injury. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and bariatric surgery described in this review can reduce urinary protein to varying degrees and delay the progression of kidney disease. In addition, recent studies on the therapeutic effects of intestinal flora on obesity may reduce the incidence of obesity-related kidney disease from the perspective of primary prevention. Both of these interventions have their own advantages and disadvantages, so the continuous search for the mechanism of obesity-induced related kidney disease will be extremely helpful for the future treatment of obesity-related kidney disease.
PubMed: 38737387
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S433649