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Gastroenterology Report 2024Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which still lacks of reliable markers and therapeutic options. Cellular senescence has...
BACKGROUND
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which still lacks of reliable markers and therapeutic options. Cellular senescence has been considered an important mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, but the underlying molecular link remains elusive.
METHODS
Tissues were stained using α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen I as markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Cellular senescence was confirmed through Lamin B1 staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. We explored the relationship between senescence of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction. The effects of irisin on cellular senescence and fibrosis were determined.
RESULTS
Here, we identify engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) as a novel biomarker for intestinal cellular senescence and fibrosis. In fibrostrictured tissues from patients and murine models with IBD, significantly high levels of cellular senescence score and factors were noted, which positively correlated with the fibrotic regulator fibronectin. Senescent IECs, not fibroblast itself, released SASP factors to regulate fibroblast activation. Prolonging exposure to severe and persistent injurious stimuli decreased ELMO1 expression, which dampened SIRT1 deacetylase activity, enhanced NF-κB (p65) acetylation, and thereby accelerated cellular senescence. Deletion of ELMO1 led to senescent IECs accumulation and triggered premature fibrosis in murine colitis. Furthermore, irisin, inhibiting the degradation of ELMO1, could downregulate p65 acetylation, reduce IECs senescence, and prevent incipient intestinal fibrosis in murine colitis models.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals ELMO1 downregulation is an early symbol of intestinal senescence and fibrosis, and the altered ELMO1-SIRT1-p65 pathway plays an important role in intestinal cellular senescence and IBD-related fibrosis.
PubMed: 38756351
DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae045 -
Cureus May 2024Eccrine poroma is a rare benign adnexal tumor arising from intradermal cells of eccrine sweat ducts. At least two-thirds of eccrine poromas present on the extremities,...
Eccrine poroma is a rare benign adnexal tumor arising from intradermal cells of eccrine sweat ducts. At least two-thirds of eccrine poromas present on the extremities, most commonly on the palms and soles. They are scarcely found on the face; to date, only 11 cases of eyelid poromas have been reported in PubMed. Biopsy excision with a free margin is necessary to distinguish it from malignant lesions and avoid recurrence with possible transformation to porocarcinoma. We present the case of a 23-year-old male with a histopathological confirmation of poroma using staining with hematoxylin-eosin on the eyelid, previously clinically diagnosed with molluscum contagiosum. After four years, he has not experienced a recurrence.
PubMed: 38751403
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60316 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde May 2024Feeding raw meat is becoming increasingly common among dog owners. This feeding practice can pose a hygienic risk and can lead to health risks for dogs and their owners....
Feeding raw meat is becoming increasingly common among dog owners. This feeding practice can pose a hygienic risk and can lead to health risks for dogs and their owners. Hygienically sound food rations, that are balanced in terms of all nutrients and energy, must be feed to breeding dogs. The aim of this study was to record the influence of raw feeding on the occurrence of mastitis, metritis and the survival of puppies. An online questionnaire was sent to kennel club registered dog breeders in Germany and Switzerland. A total of 531 litters were recorded and evaluated. Mastitis and/or metritis were present in 9,2 % and 2,8 % (n = 49 and n = 15, respectively) of the breeding bitches. 29 % (n = 154) of the breeders reported loss of puppies in the litter. The most common cause were stillbirths (n = 105 litters with 187 stillborn puppies), and/or early mortality (n = 50 litters with 73 puppies that died in the first 48 hours). The occurrence of puppy losses in the litter and/or a higher proportion of puppy losses in the litter was favored by increased body weight of the bitch in larger dog breeds, existing previous illnesses, previously reported gestation or postpartum problems, increasing length of the parturition phase and/or a cesarean section. A higher total number of surviving puppies was associated with increased weight and anamnestic reported health of the bitch and the use of milk powder instead of other milk substitutes. A relationship between raw feeding and the occurrence of mastitis, metritis, the total number of surviving puppies and/or the occurrence or proportion of pup losses in the litter and was not found in this study. However very few breeders in this cohort fed their bitches raw, which in turn was due to the random selection of breeders. Many years of breeding experience and the increasing parity of the bitch had a clearly positive influence on the health of the bitch.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Female; Dog Diseases; Mastitis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Endometritis; Switzerland; Germany; Pregnancy; Stillbirth; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38747035
DOI: 10.17236/sat00423 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Apr 2024The conventional computed tomography (CT) appearance of ovarian cystic masses is often insufficient to adequately differentiate between benign and malignant entities....
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The conventional computed tomography (CT) appearance of ovarian cystic masses is often insufficient to adequately differentiate between benign and malignant entities. This study aims to investigate whether texture analysis of the fluid component can augment the CT diagnosis of ovarian cystic tumors.
METHODS
Eighty-four patients with adnexal cystic lesions who underwent CT examinations were retrospectively included. All patients had a final diagnosis that was established by histological analysis in forty four cases. The texture features of the lesions content were extracted using dedicated software and further used for comparing benign and malignant lesions, primary tumors and metastases, malignant and borderline lesions, and benign and borderline lesions. Texture features' discriminatory ability was evaluated through univariate and receiver operating characteristics analysis and also by the use of the k-nearest-neighbor classifier.
RESULTS
The univariate analysis showed statistically significant results when comparing benign and malignant lesions (the Difference Variance parameter, p=0.0074) and malignant and borderline tumors (the Correlation parameter, p=0.488). The highest accuracy (83.33%) was achieved by the classifier when discriminating primary tumors from ovarian metastases.
CONCLUSION
Texture parameters were able to successfully discriminate between different types of ovarian cystic lesions based on their content, but it is not entirely clear whether these differences are a result of the physical properties of the fluids or their appartenance to a particular histopathological group. If further validated, radiomics can offer a rapid and non-invasive alternative in the diagnosis of ovarian cystic tumors.
PubMed: 38746030
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2594 -
Cureus Apr 2024Struma ovarii is a monodermal teratoma characterized by the presence of >50% thyroid tissue. It is mostly benign; therefore, preoperative diagnosis is important. It...
Struma ovarii is a monodermal teratoma characterized by the presence of >50% thyroid tissue. It is mostly benign; therefore, preoperative diagnosis is important. It usually manifests as a multilocular cystic mass but rarely as a predominantly solid mass. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), solid-appearing struma ovarii showed early signal intensity enhancement on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images, which histopathologically indicates the presence of thyroid tissue with abundant blood vessels. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI score is a validated classification worldwide for characterizing adnexal lesions. Based on the morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement of any solid tissue on the MRI, the scoring system can be used to classify adnexal lesions into five categories from score one (no adnexal mass) to score five (high risk of malignancy). An adnexal solid mass with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30-40 seconds after gadolinium (Gd) injection on non-dynamic contrast-enhanced (non-DCE) MRI was assigned a score of 5 (high risk of malignancy). We present a case of solid-appearing struma ovarii with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30 seconds after Gd injection on non-DCE MRI, and it was classified as score five preoperatively. Therefore, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed despite the presence of a benign ovarian mass. When an adnexal mass with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30-40 seconds after Gd injection on non-DCE MRI is encountered, struma ovarii should be included in the differential diagnosis, despite the O-RADS MRI score of five and management of the situation should be discussed.
PubMed: 38741801
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58176 -
International Medical Case Reports... 2024Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) is an effective permanent method of birth control that is surgically performed to block the woman's fallopian tube and prevent the egg...
BACKGROUND
Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) is an effective permanent method of birth control that is surgically performed to block the woman's fallopian tube and prevent the egg from meeting the sperm. It is preferred by women or couples who have achieved their reproductive potential and do not desire pregnancy. BTL carries a low risk of method failure with a subsequent pregnancy which is likely to be ectopic. We present a case of two consecutive ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies following an interval BTL.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 40-year-old female, with 7 living children, who previously underwent an interval BTL, presented with acute abdominal pain for 2 days and amenorrhea for 6 weeks. She was stable but had generalized abdominal tenderness, guarding and rebound tenderness, and cervical motion tenderness. Her urine HCG was positive, and a trans-abdominal ultrasound scan revealed a tender echo-complex right adnexal mass, free fluid in the Cul-de-sac, and an empty uterine cavity, consistent with a ruptured right ectopic pregnancy. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was done with findings of a ruptured right distal tube containing products of conception, hemoperitoneum, and previous tubal ligation and left salpingectomy. A right total salpingectomy was done, and the excised right tube containing the mass was sent for histological examination, which revealed chorionic villi and hemorrhagic vascular decidual tissue in the fallopian tube, features suggestive of tubal ectopic pregnancy.
PubMed: 38737215
DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S463007 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Mar 2024To study the varied clinical presentation and outcome of management of orbital diseases and to ascertain the concordance of FNAC with histopathology.
PURPOSE
To study the varied clinical presentation and outcome of management of orbital diseases and to ascertain the concordance of FNAC with histopathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a prospective interventional study wherein each patient's clinical presentation was noted. Outcome of management was evaluated based on symptomatic relief, regression of signs, noting any intraoperative or postsurgical complication, recurrence, and cosmetic result in terms of surgical scar.
RESULTS
Neoplasia was commonest 33/76; (43.42%), followed by infective and inflammatory conditions 21/76; (27.63% cases), thyroid-associated orbitopathy accounting for 12/76 cases (15.78%), whereas cystic lesions and vascular malformations were 4/76 (5.26%) each. Other disorders constituted a mere 2.65%. Proptosis was the commonest mode of presentation. It was seen in seventy out of seventy-six patients (92.1%). In 86.3% of the cases, there was successful surgical outcome. Of 22 surgically managed cases, recurrence was noted in three cases (13.6%). 90% concordance was seen with histopathology in cases where FNAC was done prior to surgery for diagnosing nature of disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Majority of orbital and adnexal conditions can be provisionally diagnosed based on imaging; however, an adjunct invasive investigation such as FNAC or biopsy may be required. In the present study, in seven cases (9.2%) FNAC was needed, whereas in two cases (2.63%) biopsy was needed. A definitive diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 22 surgically managed cases and by excision biopsy in two. 22/76 (28.94%) of the cases needed surgical treatment, and other cases required conservative or palliative approach.
PubMed: 38736778
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_761_23 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2024Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is common in sub-Saharan Africa and often secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis...
BACKGROUND
Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is common in sub-Saharan Africa and often secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) are also found in PIDs widely dominated by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), whose role in TFI is better demonstrated than that of BV.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis and to investigate the association between BV, C. trachomatis and TFI.
METHODS
We included 137 patients treated for infertility between January 2020 and November 2021. Cases were defined as women with infertility aged 18-45 years presenting with TFI (n = 52), and controls as infertile women in the same age groups without TFI (n = 85). Data on social habits, life style and infertility parameters were collected, and we performed screening for BV and C. trachomatis. Multiple regression was used to measure associations.
RESULTS
The prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis was 42.3% (58/137) and 23.4% (32/137), respectively. BV (61.5% vs 30.6%, p<0.001) and C. trachomatis (48.1 vs 8.2%, p<0.001) were more frequent in cases of TFI. BV and C. trachomatis increased the risk of TFI approximately 4-fold [aOR: 3.77 (1.61-8.83), p=0.002] and 14-fold [aOR: 13.77 (4.59-41.27), p<0.001], respectively.
CONCLUSION
BV and C. trachomatis infection are strongly associated with TFI in Bukavu. Prevention and screening should be implemented to reduce the risk of TFI.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chlamydia Infections; Prevalence; Young Adult; Adolescent; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Middle Aged; Infertility, Female
PubMed: 38730346
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09379-w -
Journal of Robotic Surgery May 2024This study aimed to report our experience in indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in pediatric robotics. The data of 55 patients (35 boys and 20...
This study aimed to report our experience in indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in pediatric robotics. The data of 55 patients (35 boys and 20 girls), who underwent robotic surgery using ICG fluorescence in three institutions over the last 7 years, were retrospectively reviewed. The following robotic procedures were included: pyeloplasty (n = 21), complex Lich-Gregoir ureteral reimplantation (n = 8), varicocelectomy (n = 7), adnexal pathology resection (n = 8), partial nephrectomy (n = 4), nephrectomy (n = 4), renal cyst removal (n = 2), and excision of prostatic utricle (n = 1). The ICG was injected intravenously in all indications except for varicocele where intratesticular injection was done, and prostatic utricle or paraureteral diverticulum where trans-catheter injection was done. The ICG dosage was 0.2-0.3 mg/mL/kg. All the procedures were performed using da Vinci Xi platform. Firefly allowed to switch form bright light to ICG-NIRF view and vice versa. All the procedures were accomplished in robotics without conversions to laparoscopy or open surgery. No episodes of allergy or anaphylaxis to ICG were recorded. An excellent ICG-NIRF view of target organs was obtained in all procedures. Based on our experience, we believe that application of ICG FGS in pediatric robotics enhances the identification of critical anatomical elements and pathological structures, thereby positively impacting both oncological and functional outcomes. This technique is safe, feasible, and versatile. We advocate the consideration of ICG as the standard of care in certain procedures such as partial nephrectomy, varicocele repair, tumor resection, and ovarian torsion. Nonetheless, further investigations are warranted to explore its potential broader applications in pediatric urology.
Topics: Humans; Indocyanine Green; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Female; Male; Child; Retrospective Studies; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Infant; Fluorescence; Nephrectomy; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38727915
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01968-w -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... May 2024Skin appendage tumors (SATs) are benign and malignant neoplasms. Although there are many studies on their clinical features and epidemiology in the literature, most of...
BACKGROUND
Skin appendage tumors (SATs) are benign and malignant neoplasms. Although there are many studies on their clinical features and epidemiology in the literature, most of these studies have a small number of patients and are not classified according to the WHO 2018 classification.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to reveal the clinical and histopathological features of the SATs and compare the pre-diagnosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cases diagnosed with SATs in the last 7 years in the Pathology Department were re-evaluated according to the WHO 2018 classification. Patients' ages and genders, as well as the location and pre-diagnosis of the lesion, were all recorded.
RESULTS
A total of 437 patients, 198 (45.3%) male and 239 (54.7%) female, were included in the study. Of 437 patients, 399 (91.3%) were diagnosed with benign SATs and 38 (8.7%) were diagnosed with malignant SATs. Most of the cases were benign tumors with follicular differentiation. Malignant SATs were seen in patients significantly older than benign ones. The majority of SATs were in head and neck localization. Mammary Paget's disease was the most common malignant SAT (n = 14, 36.8% of patients diagnosed with malignant SATs). It was noted that clinicians were less likely to consider a specific diagnosis of SAT before excision.
CONCLUSION
SAT, a diagnosis that can be seen at any age and is difficult to predict clinically, may be malignant, especially in elderly patients. Histopathology is the gold standard in diagnosing SATs, and immunohistochemical staining may be useful in diagnosing tumors with uncertain histopathological features.
PubMed: 38727410
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_300_23