-
Journal of Health, Population, and... May 2024Even if there is currently no research on food integration practices, there is an unreliable hole in the data for the first motives, especially 6 to 24 months, research...
BACKGROUND
Even if there is currently no research on food integration practices, there is an unreliable hole in the data for the first motives, especially 6 to 24 months, research at ages varies in different ways, always, but the child's development affects an important part of both the child and the parents. This gap limits our comprehensive knowledge of strategic choices and-their potential impact on children's overall health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was factors shaping complementary feeding for 6 to 24-Month-Olds in Northeast Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based survey was conducted in northeastern Ethiopia from June to July 2022. A sample of 409 mothers with infants aged 6 to 24 months was selected using a simple random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was adopted and data were collected by an interviewer. Collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and subsequently converted to SPSS version 21 for further analysis. Variables with a P-value < = 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Multivariable logistic regression analyses aimed at identifying independent associations between early initiation of supplement feeding and determinants-adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the strength of associations. P-values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
A total of 409 mothers with their children were included in the analysis, revealing a prevalence of 38.1% for early initiation of complementary feeding among children aged 6-24 months. Factors associated with -early initiation included place of residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.63, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1-11.95), husband's educational status (AOR 16.83, 95% CI 1.98-24.8), maternal occupation (AOR 21.2, 95% CI 1.11-46.9), number of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR 25.94, 95% CI 22.7-85.67), initial breastfeeding time (AOR 4.98, 95% CI 1.22-14.9), and medical illness (AOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.12-3.6.
CONCLUSION
Significant associations with Complementary Feeding were identified with the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, postnatal care (PNC) check-ups, current residency, breastfeeding initiation time, maternal medical illness, and occupational status. To mitigate the early initiation of complementary feeding, it is recommended to enhance ANC/PNC services and educate mothers about the precise timing for introducing complementary foods to their infants.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Infant; Female; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Male; Adult; Mothers; Child, Preschool; Breast Feeding; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38755695
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00554-y -
BMC Public Health May 2024Despite the positive impact of trade liberalization on food availability in India, severe inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level persists. Empirical...
BACKGROUND
Despite the positive impact of trade liberalization on food availability in India, severe inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level persists. Empirical evidence on the relationship between trade liberalization and nutrition consumption inequality often offers a country-level perspective and generates disputed outcomes. The study aimed to explore the effects of trade liberalization on inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level in India and to examine the heterogeneity of the impact on different nutrition consumption.
METHODS
Our study employed the Gini Index to measure nutrition consumption inequality of 2 macronutrients and 5 micronutrients at the district level in India during 2009-2011, utilizing the comprehensive FAO/WHO individual food consumption data. The import tariff was adopted as a proxy for trade liberalization, as its externally imposed nature facilitates a causal interpretation. We further identified the direct causal relationship between food trade liberalization and inequality in nutrition consumption using a fixed effects model.
RESULTS
The results show that more than 50% of the individuals in the survey districts did not meet the dietary standards for both macronutrients and micronutrients. Food trade liberalization hindered the improvement of inequality in nutrition consumption. As import tariffs were reduced by 1%, the inequality in intake of calories, zinc, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 increased significantly by 0.45, 0.56, 0.48, and 0.66, respectively, which might be related to food market performance. The results also highlight the positive role of the gender gap, female-headed households, and caste culture on inequality in nutrition consumption in India.
CONCLUSIONS
To ease the shock of liberalization and minimize its inequality effects, complementary measures should be adopted, such as improving food logistic conditions in poor areas, and nutrition relief schemes.
Topics: Humans; India; Female; Male; Adult; Commerce; Micronutrients; Adolescent; Food Supply; Young Adult; Diet; Politics; Socioeconomic Factors; Middle Aged; Child; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38750483
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18749-7 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research May 2024Building therapeutic relationships and social presence are challenging in digital services and maybe even more difficult in written services. Despite these difficulties,...
BACKGROUND
Building therapeutic relationships and social presence are challenging in digital services and maybe even more difficult in written services. Despite these difficulties, in-person care may not be feasible or accessible in all situations.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to categorize crisis counselors' efforts to build rapport in written conversations by using deidentified conversation transcripts from the text and chat arms of the National Child Abuse Hotline. Using these categories, we identify the common characteristics of successful conversations. We defined success as conversations where help-seekers reported the hotline was a good way to seek help and that they were a lot more hopeful, a lot more informed, a lot more prepared to address the situation, and experiencing less stress, as reported by help-seekers.
METHODS
The sample consisted of transcripts from 314 purposely selected conversations from of the 1153 text and chat conversations during July 2020. Hotline users answered a preconversation survey (ie, demographics) and a postconversation survey (ie, their perceptions of the conversation). We used qualitative content analysis to process the conversations.
RESULTS
Active listening skills, including asking questions, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings, and interpreting situations, were commonly used by counselors. Validation, unconditional positive regard, and evaluation-based language, such as praise and apologies, were also often used. Compared with less successful conversations, successful conversations tended to include fewer statements that attend to the emotional dynamics. There were qualitative differences in how the counselors applied these approaches. Generally, crisis counselors in positive conversations tended to be more specific and tailor their comments to the situation.
CONCLUSIONS
Building therapeutic relationships and social presence are essential to digital interventions involving mental health professionals. Prior research demonstrates that they can be challenging to develop in written conversations. Our work demonstrates characteristics associated with successful conversations that could be adopted in other written help-seeking interventions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Qualitative Research; Hotlines; Crisis Intervention; Writing; Communication; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38748472
DOI: 10.2196/42049 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... May 2024The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has caused worldwide panic in the global... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has caused worldwide panic in the global population taking people's lives, creating fear, and affecting mother-child relationships. Many questions were raised on the dangers of being infected with COVID-19 for newborns and safety concerns during feeding by COVID-19-positive mothers. Moreover, questions and doubts about the safety of the administration of vaccinations for nursing mothers are still open. This review attempts to fill the existing literature gap by exploring concepts concerning COVID-19 and breastfeeding mothers, the safety of vaccinations, the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on both mother and child, important hygiene recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and possible solutions to optimize breastfeeding and safety precautions amidst the fear of emergence of novel variants.
METHODS
All relevant publications from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines from December 2019 to October 2022 related to SARS-CoV-2, breastfeeding, COVID-19, lactating guidelines, and vaccination were included using 'Breastfeeding AND vaccine AND SARS-CoV-2' as MESH TERMS. Apart from the literature review, existing maternity protocols followed in Northern UAE were gathered from lactation consultants practicing in the UAE.
RESULTS
Out of 19,391 records generated, only 24 studies were analyzed and summarized in this exhaustive review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart. Previous studies suggest that breastmilk is predominantly the primary source of nutrition for neonates. Breast milk is a rich source of antibodies that help the baby to fight against infections including other benefits. Hygiene recommendations for suspected or confirmed COVID-19-infected mothers are required along with psychological and emotional support.
CONCLUSIONS
The administration of vaccinations should be advised and encouraged to protect the mothers with antibodies and the neonates by the passive transmission of antibodies through breast milk. This is a significant reason for not stopping breastfeeding even in case of COVID-19 infection. With adherence to proper hygiene methods, breastfeeding is recommended to be continued as the benefits greatly outweigh the risks.
Topics: Humans; Breast Feeding; COVID-19; Female; Infant, Newborn; United Arab Emirates; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; COVID-19 Vaccines; Pregnancy; Mothers; Infant
PubMed: 38745335
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00544-0 -
BMC Psychiatry May 2024Delays in early social and executive function are predictive of later developmental delays and eventual neurodevelopmental diagnoses. There is limited research examining...
Exploring early life social and executive function development in infants and risk for autism: a prospective cohort study protocol of NICU graduates and infants at risk for cerebral palsy.
BACKGROUND
Delays in early social and executive function are predictive of later developmental delays and eventual neurodevelopmental diagnoses. There is limited research examining such markers in the first year of life. High-risk infant groups commonly present with a range of neurodevelopmental challenges, including social and executive function delays, and show higher rates of autism diagnoses later in life. For example, it has been estimated that up to 30% of infants diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) will go on to be diagnosed with autism later in life.
METHODS
This article presents a protocol of a prospective longitudinal study. The primary aim of this study is to identify early life markers of delay in social and executive function in high-risk infants at the earliest point in time, and to explore how these markers may relate to the increased risk for social and executive delay, and risk of autism, later in life. High-risk infants will include Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) graduates, who are most commonly admitted for premature birth and/or cardiovascular problems. In addition, we will include infants with, or at risk for, CP. This prospective study will recruit 100 high-risk infants at the age of 3-12 months old and will track social and executive function across the first 2 years of their life, when infants are 3-7, 8-12, 18 and 24 months old. A multi-modal approach will be adopted by tracking the early development of social and executive function using behavioural, neurobiological, and caregiver-reported everyday functioning markers. Data will be analysed to assess the relationship between the early markers, measured from as early as 3-7 months of age, and the social and executive function as well as the autism outcomes measured at 24 months.
DISCUSSION
This study has the potential to promote the earliest detection and intervention opportunities for social and executive function difficulties as well as risk for autism in NICU graduates and/or infants with, or at risk for, CP. The findings of this study will also expand our understanding of the early emergence of autism across a wider range of at-risk groups.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Executive Function; Prospective Studies; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Female; Male; Longitudinal Studies; Child Development; Autistic Disorder; Social Behavior; Risk Factors; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38745143
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05779-z -
PloS One 2024The application of visual art and other extracurricular activities to children's sustainable development is predominantly discussed in Western countries. Consequently,...
The application of visual art and other extracurricular activities to children's sustainable development is predominantly discussed in Western countries. Consequently, non-Western society could not cherish the benefit of visual art on their children's cognitive and non-cognitive skill development due to a lack of evidence that would revive the community, educators, and policy-makers' impressions about visual art activities, in addition to its amusement use. Thus, the present study adopted a cross-sectional study comprised of a large-scale survey (N = 1624) taken from the southwest part of China to assess the impact of out-of-school visual art activities on children's academic attainment across economically advantaged and disadvantaged children. Astonishingly, the study's findings shed light on current Chinese parents' dedication to purchasing out-of-school activities regardless of their social class difference; notwithstanding, lower-class parents ought to learn that spending time with their children during their activities is more beneficial. The study's implication calls for curriculum policy reform involving aesthetic education and expanding community youth centers for different extracurricular activities.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Social Class; Child; Art; Cross-Sectional Studies; China; Academic Performance; Schools; Adolescent
PubMed: 38743722
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298901 -
Semi-supervised learning in diagnosis of infant hip dysplasia towards multisource ultrasound images.Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and... May 2024Automated diagnosis of infant hip dysplasia is heavily affected by the individual differences among infants and ultrasound machines.
BACKGROUND
Automated diagnosis of infant hip dysplasia is heavily affected by the individual differences among infants and ultrasound machines.
METHODS
Hip sonographic images of 493 infants from various ultrasound machines were collected in the Department of Orthopedics in Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Service Centre. Herein, we propose a semi-supervised learning method based on a feature pyramid network (FPN) and a contrastive learning scheme based on a Siamese architecture. A large amount of unlabeled data of ultrasound images was used via the Siamese network in the pre-training step, and then a small amount of annotated data for anatomical structures was adopted to train the model for landmark identification and standard plane recognition. The method was evaluated on our collected dataset.
RESULTS
The method achieved a mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.7873 and a mean Hausdorff distance (HD) of 5.0102 in landmark identification, compared to the model without contrastive learning, which had a mean DSC of 0.7734 and a mean HD of 6.1586. The accuracy, precision, and recall of standard plane recognition were 95.4%, 91.64%, and 94.86%, respectively. The corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was 0.982.
CONCLUSIONS
This study proposes a semi-supervised deep learning method following Graf's principle, which can better utilize a large volume of ultrasound images from various devices and infants. This method can identify the landmarks of infant hips more accurately than manual operators, thereby improving the efficiency of diagnosis of infant hip dysplasia.
PubMed: 38720865
DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1384 -
BMC Geriatrics May 2024Grandchild caring has positive as well as negative impact on the grandparents' psychological well-being and the findings are varied by culture and country.
BACKGROUND
Grandchild caring has positive as well as negative impact on the grandparents' psychological well-being and the findings are varied by culture and country.
METHODS
Present study was intended to understand the relationship between caring for grandchildren and psychological well-being of grandparents living in skipped (SGH) and multi-generational households (MGH) in Indian demographical context. The present research involved In-depth Interviews (IDI) focusing on grandparents above 60 and grandchildren below 18, where the elder played a crucial role in caregiving. The study area was Malda, a district of West Bengal in India. Purposively 24 IDIs were selected. Psychological well-being was measured using open-ended questions. Thematic and content analyses were adopted to understand the perspective of grandparents.
RESULTS
Most of the grandparents from SGH reported depression word frequently, while grandparents from MGH reported happy. In the content analysis, grandparents from SGH expressed tension, mental turmoil, and worry about grandchild's future. On the contrary, grandparents from MGH expressed happy, companionship, and worry about grandchild's future. Further, full time caring, compulsive reason behind grandchild caring, and working status were linked with living in SGH and grandchild caring, which were in turn connected with deteriorate psychological health. However, in MGH, a different scenario was observed, most grandparents were partially and non-compulsively engaged in grandchild caring and had expressed positive mental health.
CONCLUSIONS
The Findings provide an intervention implication, particularly in the context of India's ageing population and their well-being by acknowledging the influence of household structure, caring intensity, motive behind grandchild caring, and working status on their psychological health. Understanding the importance of these key factors may help the policy maker and the individual to incorporate the most effective intervention to achieve sustainable development goal 3 and healthy ageing.
Topics: Humans; Grandparents; Male; Female; Aged; India; Middle Aged; Intergenerational Relations; Mental Health; Caregivers; Child; Aged, 80 and over; Psychological Well-Being
PubMed: 38705983
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04998-z -
Malaria Journal May 2024In Nigeria, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is typically administered door-to-door to children under five by community medicine distributors during high...
BACKGROUND
In Nigeria, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is typically administered door-to-door to children under five by community medicine distributors during high transmission seasons. While door-to-door distribution (DDD) is exclusively employed in Nigeria as part of standard operating procedures of SMC programmes, some households access SMC through non-DDD channels, such as fixed-point distributions, health facilities, and private purchase. However, analysis of access to SMC medicines through non-DDD has been limited, with little evidence of its outcomes on adherence to the three-day complete course of SMC medicines and caregiver actions in the event of adverse reactions to SMC medicines.
METHODS
Data were obtained from SMC end-of-round coverage surveys conducted in Nigeria in 2021 and 2022, including 25,278 households for the analysis. The proportion of households accessing SMC medicine through non-DDD and the distribution of various non-DDD sources of SMC medicines were described. Multivariate random-effects logistic regression models were performed to identify predictors of accessing SMC medicines through non-DDD. The associations between non-DDD, and caregiver-reporting of adherence to complete administration of SMC medicines and caregiver actions in the event of adverse reactions to SMC medicines were also assessed.
RESULTS
Less than 2% (314/24003) of households accessed SMC medicines through non-DDD in the states surveyed. Over 60% of non-DDD access was via health facility personnel and community medicine distributors from different locations. Variables associated with non-DDD access included heads of household being born in the local state (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.90), households residing in the study state since the first cycle of the SMC round (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.88), households with high wealth index (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82), and caregivers hearing about date of SMC delivery in the previous cycle (OR = 0.18, 95%CI 0.14 to 0.24). Furthermore, non-DDD was associated with reduced SMC adherence and higher caregiver non-reporting of adverse reactions to SMC medicines in children compared with DDD.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence on the characteristics of households accessing SMC medicines through non-DDD and its potential negative outcomes on adherence to SMC medicine and adverse reaction reporting, underscoring potential implementation issues that may arise if non-DDD delivery models are adopted in SMC, particularly in places where DDD had been firstly used.
Topics: Nigeria; Antimalarials; Chemoprevention; Malaria; Humans; Child, Preschool; Infant; Seasons; Health Services Accessibility; Female; Male
PubMed: 38702672
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04964-5 -
The New Microbiologica May 2024The COVID-19 pandemic forced the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) which influenced the circulation of other respiratory pathogens, such as Influenza...
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) which influenced the circulation of other respiratory pathogens, such as Influenza virus (FLU), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinovirus (RV), Enterovirus (EV), Adenovirus (AdV), Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), and Human Coronavirus (CoV). The aim of the current study was to investigate how, with the end of the pandemic, the withdrawal of the NPIs impacted on the circulation and distribution of common respiratory viruses. The analyzed samples were collected from June 2021 to March 2023 (post-pandemic period) and compared to ones from the pandemic period. Nucleic acid detection of all respiratory viruses was performed by multiplex real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing was conducted by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique. Our analysis shows that the NPIs adopted against SARS-CoV-2 were also effective in controlling the spread of other respiratory viruses. Moreover, we documented how RV/EVs were the most commonly identified species, with the more abundant strains represented by Coxsackievirus (CV)-A/B and RV-A/C. RV/EVs were also detected in some co-infection cases; in particular, the majority of co-infections concerned CV-B/RV-A, CV-B/ECHO. Given the pandemic potential of respiratory viruses, accurate molecular screening is essential for a proper surveillance and prevention strategy.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Italy; SARS-CoV-2; Respiratory Tract Infections; Pandemics; Viruses; Adult; Male; Child
PubMed: 38700887
DOI: No ID Found