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World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024In this editorial, we commented on a recently released manuscript by Zeng in the W. We focused specifically on lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty...
In this editorial, we commented on a recently released manuscript by Zeng in the W. We focused specifically on lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which ultimately leads to advanced hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and affects more than 25% of the population globally. Existing therapeutic strategies against NAFLD such as pharmacologic therapies focus on liver protection, anti-inflammation, and regulating disease-related metabolic disorder symptoms. Although several drugs are in late-stage development, potent drugs against the diseases are lacking. Additionally, existing surgical approaches such as bariatric surgery are not routinely used to treat NAFLD. Intervening in patients' unhealthy lifestyles, such as weight loss through dietary changes and exercises to ameliorate patient-associated metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome, is the first-line treatment for patients with NAFLD. With sufficient intrinsic motivation and adherence, the management of unhealthy lifestyles can reduce the severity of the disease, improve the quality of life, and increase the survival expectancy of patients with NAFLD.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Metabolic Syndrome; Quality of Life; Life Style; Weight Loss; Exercise; Bariatric Surgery; Risk Reduction Behavior; Healthy Lifestyle; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38947294
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2829 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations, which... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations, which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life. It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients. Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients. In addition, experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis. Furthermore, irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota. Therefore, endogenous or exogenous irisin, its anti-inflammatory effects, will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.
Topics: Humans; Fibronectins; Exercise; Biomarkers; Quality of Life; Intestinal Mucosa; Animals; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Colitis, Ulcerative; Myokines
PubMed: 38947287
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2923 -
BJA Open Jun 2024Outcomes after oesophagogastric cancer surgery remain poor. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) used for risk stratification before oesophagogastric cancer surgery...
Cardiopulmonary exercise variables and their association with postoperative morbidity and mortality after major oesophagogastric cancer surgery-a multicentre observational study.
BACKGROUND
Outcomes after oesophagogastric cancer surgery remain poor. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) used for risk stratification before oesophagogastric cancer surgery is based on conflicting evidence. This study explores the relationship between CPET and postoperative outcomes, specifically for patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment.
METHODS
Patients undergoing oesophagogastric cancer resection and CPET (pre- or post-neoadjuvant treatment, or both) were retrospectively enrolled into a multicentre pooled cohort study. Oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO peak) was compared with 1-yr postoperative survival. Secondary analyses explored relationships between patient characteristics, tumour pathology characteristics, CPET variables (absolute, relative to weight, ideal body weight, and body surface area), and postoperative outcomes (morbidity, 1-yr and 3-yr survival) were assessed using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
Seven UK centres recruited 611 patients completing a 3-yr postoperative follow-up period. Oesophagectomy was undertaken in 475 patients (78%). Major complications occurred in 25%, with 18% 1-yr and 43% 3-yr mortality. No association between VO peak or other selected CPET variables and 1-yr survival was observed in the overall cohort. In the overall cohort, the anaerobic threshold relative to ideal body weight was associated with 3-yr survival (=0.013). Tumour characteristics (ypT/ypN/tumour regression/lymphovascular invasion/resection margin; <0.001) and Clavien-Dindo ≥3a (<0.001) were associated with 1-yr and 3-yr survival. On subgroup analyses, pre-neoadjuvant treatment CPET; anaerobic threshold (absolute; =0.024, relative to ideal body weight; =0.001, body surface area; =0.009) and V/VCO at anaerobic threshold (=0.026) were associated with 3-yr survival. No other CPET variables (pre- or post-neoadjuvant treatment) were associated with survival.
CONCLUSIONS
VO peak was not associated with 1-yr survival after oesophagogastric cancer resection. Tumour characteristics and major complications were associated with survival; however, only some selected pre-neoadjuvant treatment CPET variables were associated with 3-yr survival. CPET in this cohort of patients demonstrates limited outcome predictive precision.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03637647.
PubMed: 38947220
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2024.100289 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024While recent guidelines have noted the deleterious effects of poor sleep on cardiovascular health, the upstream impact of cardiac arrest-induced psychological distress...
BACKGROUND
While recent guidelines have noted the deleterious effects of poor sleep on cardiovascular health, the upstream impact of cardiac arrest-induced psychological distress on sleep health metrics among families of cardiac arrest survivors remains unknown.
METHODS
Sleep health of close family members of consecutive cardiac arrest patients admitted at an academic center (8/16/2021 - 6/28/2023) was self-reported on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. The baseline PSQI administered during hospitalization was cued to sleep in the month before cardiac arrest. It was then repeated one month after cardiac arrest, along with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) to assess depression severity. Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations of one-month total PHQ-8 scores with changes in global PSQI scores between baseline and one month with higher scores indicating deteriorations. A prioritization exercise of potential interventions categorized into family's information and well-being needs to alleviate psychological distress was conducted at one month.
RESULTS
In our sample of 102 close family members (mean age 52±15 years, 70% female, 21% Black, 33% Hispanic), mean global PSQI scores showed a significant decline between baseline and one month after cardiac arrest (6.2±3.8 vs. 7.4±4.1; p<0.01). This deterioration was notable for sleep quality, duration, and daytime dysfunction components. Higher PHQ-8 scores were significantly associated with higher change in PSQI scores, after adjusting for family members' age, sex, race/ethnicity, and patient's discharge disposition [β=0.4 (95% C.I 0.24, 0.48); p<0.01]. Most (n=72, 76%) prioritized interventions supporting information over well-being needs to reduce psychological distress after cardiac arrest.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant decline in sleep health among close family members of cardiac arrest survivors in the acute phase following the event. Psychological distress was associated with this sleep disruption. Further investigation into their temporal associations is needed to develop targeted interventions to support families during this period of uncertainty.
WHAT IS KNOWN
Sleep health has been identified as a key element in maintaining cardiovascular health.Close family members of critically ill patients experience suboptimal sleep health and psychological distress may contribute to it.
WHAT THE STUDY ADDS
It is breaking new ground in understanding the sleep health dynamics of close family members of cardiac arrest survivors, a critical but often overlooked group of caregivers.The study highlights significant associations between psychological distress and poor sleep that further deteriorates within the first month after a loved one's cardiac arrest.Families of cardiac arrest survivors expressed a high priority for information-based interventions to help alleviate psychological distress during the initial month following the cardiac event emphasizing the need for targeted, accessible, resources to address their psychological and potentially sleep-related challenges.
PubMed: 38946971
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.24309137 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Aug 2024A rare case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis caused by potato snacks is reported. Specific food triggers for anaphylaxis were identified by using the skin...
A rare case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis caused by potato snacks is reported. Specific food triggers for anaphylaxis were identified by using the skin prick test, antigen analysis, and serum IgE assays. Four potato proteins were considered candidate antigens for food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
PubMed: 38946892
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100279 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) knee patients have limited ability in physical function, or difficulties with physical tasks and activities may develop disability. This study aimed...
BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis (OA) knee patients have limited ability in physical function, or difficulties with physical tasks and activities may develop disability. This study aimed to observe the predictors of self-reported and performance-based physical function in patients with knee OA by analyzing the impacts of demographic, pathological, and muscle impairment factors.
METHODS
135 knee OA patients participated in this study to complete self-reported questionnaires using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). When measuring performance-based physical function, a 6-meter gait speed (6MGS) test was measured to evaluate their mobility, and a 5-time Sit-to-Stand test (5STS) was assessed to evaluate their balance. Pain intensity, knee extensor and flexor muscle strength, age, body mass index (BMI), durations of symptoms, and radiographic severity were also collected. Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to explore the association and predictors in self-reported and performance-based physical function.
RESULTS
BMI and durations of symptoms did not indicate any significant correlation with either self-reported or performance-based physical function. Age is significantly negatively associated with 6MGS ( = -0.383, < 0.01), while knee extensor muscle strength has a moderate correlation with 5STS ( = -0.528, < 0.01). In the stepwise multiple linear regression models, pain intensity (β = 0.712, < 0.001), knee flexor muscle strength (β = 0.112, = 0.042) were significantly associated with self-reported physical function in daily activities and contributed to 55.0% of the variance in KOOS-PF score. Knee muscle strength, including knee extensor (5STS: β = -0.428, < 0.001) and flexor muscle strength (6MGS: β = 0.367, < 0.001), were the main predictors with performance-based physical function.
CONCLUSION
Pain intensity was the leading risk factor of self-reported physical function, and knee flexor muscle strength contributed as well. The severity of knee OA, durations of symptoms and BMI did not contribute to physical function. However, knee extensor and flexor muscle strength were the main predictors of performance-based performance. Our results show that strengthening of weak knee muscles in both quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength should be considered a priory consideration in knee OA no matter if people are in the early or end-stage of knee OA.
PubMed: 38946798
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1406830 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 wk of daily ingestion of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise training improves physical... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation Following Exercise Training on Physical Performance in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 wk of daily ingestion of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise training improves physical performance-muscle strength, agility and muscle power-in healthy young adults. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Twenty healthy young adults received either an MFGM powder containing 1.6 g of fat and 160 mg of sphingomyelin or an isocaloric placebo powder daily throughout 4 wk of power or agility training. Physical performance tests and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the 4-wk intervention. Ingestion of MFGM did not affect isometric or isokinetic muscle strength, but it was associated with a greater increase in vertical jump peak power compared with placebo. There were no significant changes in body weight or lean body mass during the intervention period in either group, and no significant differences between groups. We conclude that daily MFGM supplementation combined with exercise training has the potential to improve physical performance in young adults; however, further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to obtain more evidence supporting achievement of improved physical performance through MFGM supplementation.
Topics: Humans; Double-Blind Method; Glycolipids; Lipid Droplets; Glycoproteins; Male; Young Adult; Female; Dietary Supplements; Muscle Strength; Body Composition; Exercise; Pilot Projects; Adult; Physical Functional Performance; Body Weight; Sphingomyelins; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38945893
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.273 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Oleuropein aglycone (OA), which is the absorbed form of oleuropein, is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil. We analyzed the anti-obesity effect of OA...
Oleuropein aglycone (OA), which is the absorbed form of oleuropein, is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil. We analyzed the anti-obesity effect of OA intake combined with mild treadmill walking (MTW, 4 m/min for 20 min/d, 5-6 d/wk, without electric shocks and slope) in rats under a high-fat diet (HF). Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were equally divided into four groups: control (HF), 0.08% oleuropein-supplemented HF (HFO), HF with MTW (HF+W), and HFO with MTW (HFO+W) groups. After 28 d, the inguinal subcutaneous fat content and weight gain were significantly lower in the HFO+W group than in the control group. The HFO+W group also had significantly higher levels of urinary noradrenaline secretion, interscapular brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1, brain transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the control group. Especially, the HFO+W group showed a synergistic effect on noradrenaline secretion. Therefore, OA combined with MTW may accelerate the enhancement of UCP1 and BDNF levels in rats with HF-induced obesity by increasing noradrenaline secretion after TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation.
Topics: Animals; Male; Uncoupling Protein 1; Iridoid Glucosides; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Obesity; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Iridoids; Norepinephrine; Diet, High-Fat; TRPA1 Cation Channel; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Rats; Anti-Obesity Agents; Walking; Weight Gain; Physical Conditioning, Animal; TRPV Cation Channels
PubMed: 38945884
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.193 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Niacin is a cofactor in many biological reactions related to energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Although it has been considered that...
Niacin is a cofactor in many biological reactions related to energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Although it has been considered that increasing energy expenditure increases NAD consumption, little study has directly demonstrated the effect of exercise on niacin nutritional status. We have recently established the niacin insufficient model mice using kynurenine 3-monooxygenase knock out (KMO) mice with niacin-limited diet, which lack the de novo NAD synthesis pathway from tryptophan. To evaluate the effects of chronic endurance exercise on niacin nutritional status, 4 wk old KMO mice were fed 4 or 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid containing diets, and forced to swim in a running water pool every other day for 35 d. The swim-exercised mice fed 4 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet showed lower body weight gain and niacin nutritional markers such as liver and blood NAD, and urine nicotinamide metabolites than the sedentary mice. These animals did not show any difference in the NAD synthesis, NAD salvage and nicotinamide catabolic pathways. Chronic endurance exercise failed to affect any indices in the mice fed the 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet. When the diet was exchanged the 4 mg/kg for 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet to the mice showed chronic endurance exercise-induced growth retardation, their body weight rapidly increased. These results show that chronic endurance exercise impairs niacin nutritional status in the niacin insufficient mice, and enough niacin intake can prevent this impairment. Our findings also suggest that chronic endurance exercise increases niacin requirement by increase of NAD consumption.
Topics: Animals; Niacin; Nutritional Status; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Physical Endurance; Liver; NAD; Swimming; Weight Gain; Diet; Body Weight; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Niacinamide
PubMed: 38945883
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.185 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Jun 2024Animals living at high-altitude are faced with unremitting low oxygen availability. This can make it difficult to perform daily tasks that require increases in aerobic...
Animals living at high-altitude are faced with unremitting low oxygen availability. This can make it difficult to perform daily tasks that require increases in aerobic metabolism. An activity important for survival is aerobic locomotion, and the rapid recovery of muscle metabolism post exercise. Past work shows that hypoxia acclimated high-altitude mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) have a greater reliance on carbohydrates to power exercise than low altitude mice. However, it is unclear how quickly after aerobic exercise these mice can recovery and replenish muscle glycogen stores. The gastrocnemius muscle of high-altitude deer mice has a more aerobic phenotype and a greater capacity to oxidize lipids than low altitude deer mice. This suggests that high altitude mice may recover more rapidly from exercise than their lowland counterparts due to a greater capacity to support glycogen replenishment using intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG). To explore this possibility, we used low- and high-altitude native deer mice born and raised in common lab conditions and acclimated to chronic hypoxia. We determined changes in oxygen consumption following 15 min of aerobic exercise in 12% O and sampled skeletal muscles and liver at various time points during recovery to examine changes in key metabolites, including glycogen and IMTG. We found depletion in glycogen stores during exercise only in lowlanders, which returned to resting levels following 90 min of recovery. In contrast, IMTG's did not change significantly with exercise or during recovery in either population. These data suggest that exercise recovery is influenced by altitude ancestry in deer mice.
PubMed: 38945522
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111004