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Archives of Plastic Surgery May 2024Several strategies for the management of venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty have been proposed. Among these, hirudotherapy...
Several strategies for the management of venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty have been proposed. Among these, hirudotherapy represents an ancient but still effective method, even though the risk of infections related to leeches should be considered. We report a peculiar case of breast infection and sepsis after leech therapy in a patient who underwent a reduction mammaplasty. A prompt surgical debridement of the wounds and necrotic tissues associated with targeted antibiotic therapy led to a fast improvement of clinical conditions, and partial preservation of the NAC was obtained. Accurate knowledge of the clinical presentation of soft tissue infections related to leeching allows for an early diagnosis and would serve as a warning for surgeons who approach such breast cosmetic procedures.
PubMed: 38737840
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776696 -
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine 2024Aeromonas hydrophila has been identified as a causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis, with most reported cases having a connection to aquatic-related...
Aeromonas hydrophila has been identified as a causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis, with most reported cases having a connection to aquatic-related trauma. Cases without such trauma history are rare in existing literature. Here, we present the case of a 56-year-old cirrhotic patient who lacked any prior aquatic-related trauma and arrived at the emergency department in a state of septic shock. The suspected route of entry was through necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis in his left forearm. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to multi-organ failure and passed away within 12 hours of admission to the emergency department.
PubMed: 38737132
DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v12i1.2270 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024C-type lectins in organisms play an important role in the process of innate immunity. In this study, a C-type lectin belonging to the DC-SIGN class of was identified....
C-type lectins in organisms play an important role in the process of innate immunity. In this study, a C-type lectin belonging to the DC-SIGN class of was identified. MsDC-SIGN is classified as a type II transmembrane protein. The extracellular segment of MsDC-SIGN possesses a coiled-coil region and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The key amino acid motifs of the extracellular CRD of MsDC-SIGN in Ca-binding site 2 were EPN (Glu-Pro-Asn) and WYD (Trp-Tyr-Asp). MsDC-SIGN-CRD can bind to four pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucan, peptidoglycan (PGN), and mannan. Moreover, it can also bind to Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Its CRD can agglutinate microbes and displays D-mannose and D-galactose binding specificity. MsDC-SIGN was distributed in seven tissues of the largemouth bass, among which the highest expression was observed in the liver, followed by the spleen and intestine. Additionally, MsDC-SIGN was present on the membrane of . leukocytes, thereby augmenting the phagocytic activity against bacteria. In a subsequent investigation, the expression patterns of the MsDC-SIGN gene and key genes associated with the TLR signaling pathway (TLR4, NF-κB, and IL10) exhibited an up-regulated expression response to the stimulation of . Furthermore, through RNA interference of MsDC-SIGN, the expression level of the DC-SIGN signaling pathway-related gene (RAF1) and key genes associated with the TLR signaling pathway (TLR4, NF-κB, and IL10) was decreased. Therefore, MsDC-SIGN plays a pivotal role in the immune defense against . by modulating the TLR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bass; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Innate; Lectins, C-Type; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; Receptors, Cell Surface; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors
PubMed: 38732232
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095013 -
Microbial Ecology May 2024Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical...
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical conditions exert selective pressure on both geno- and phenotypes of pathogens. Flagellin, directly exposed to external environments and containing important immunogenic epitopes, may display significant variability in response to external conditions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of ~ 150 A. hydrophila genomes, leading to the identification of six subunits of the flagellin gene (fla-1 to fla-4, flaA, and flaB). Individual strains harbored different composition of flagellin subunits and copies. The composition of subunits showed distinct patterns depending on environmental sources. Strains from aquatic environments were mainly comprised of fla-1 to fla-4 subunits, while terrestrial strains predominated in groups harboring flaA and flaB subunits. Each flagellin showed varying levels of expression, with flaA and flaB demonstrating significantly higher expression compared to others. One of the chemotaxis pathways that control flagellin movement through a two-component system was significantly upregulated in flaA(+ 1)/flaB(+ 1) group, whereas flaA and flaB showed different transcriptomic expressions. The genes positively correlated with flaA expression were relevant to biofilm formation and bacterial chemotaxis, but flaB showed a negative correlation with the genes in ABC transporters and quorum sensing pathway. However, the expression patterns of fla-2 to fla-4 were identical. This suggests various types of flagellin subunits may have different biological functions. The composition and expression levels of flagellin subunits could provide valuable insights into the adaptation of A. hydrophila and the differences among strains in response to various external environments.
Topics: Flagellin; Aeromonas hydrophila; Transcriptome; Phylogeography; Adaptation, Physiological; Phylogeny; Biofilms
PubMed: 38695873
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02373-4 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Infections in humans are mainly caused by , , and . In recent years, has been recognized as widely distributed in the environment, with strong virulence. However, this...
BACKGROUND
Infections in humans are mainly caused by , , and . In recent years, has been recognized as widely distributed in the environment, with strong virulence. However, this bacterial infection usually does not appear in patients with pneumonia as the first symptom.
CASE REPORT
We report a 26-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia as the first symptom and developed serious conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, and hemorrhagic shock within a short period. He died after 13 h of admission, and the subsequent metagenomic-next generation sequencing test confirmed the finally identified pathogen of infection as .
CONCLUSION
is a rare pathogen identified in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Hence, doctors need to develop their experience in identifying the difference between infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Medical attention is essential during the occurrence of respiratory symptoms that could be controlled by empirical drugs, such as cephalosporins or quinolones. When patients with community-acquired pneumonia present hemoptysis and multiple organ dysfunction in clinical treatment, an unusual pathogen infection should be considered, and the underlying etiology should be clarified at the earliest for timely treatment.
PubMed: 38695019
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1289338 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2024The environment has been identified as an origin, reservoir, and transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Among diverse environments, freshwater...
The environment has been identified as an origin, reservoir, and transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Among diverse environments, freshwater environments have been recognized as pivotal in the transmission of ARGs between opportunistic pathogens and autochthonous bacteria such as spp. In this study, five environmental strains of spp. exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR) were selected for whole-genome sequencing to ascertain their taxonomic assignment at the species-level and to delineate their ARG repertoires. Analyses of their genomes revealed the presence of one protein almost identical to AhQnr ( Qnr protein) and four novel proteins similar to AhQnr. To scrutinize the classification and taxonomic distribution of these proteins, all genomes deposited in the NCBI RefSeq genome database (1,222 genomes) were investigated. This revealed that these Qnr (AQnr) proteins are conserved intrinsic resistance determinants of the genus, exhibiting species-specific diversity. Additionally, structure prediction and analysis of contribution to quinolone resistance by AQnr proteins of the isolates, confirmed their functionality as quinolone resistance determinants. Given the origin of mobile genes from aquatic bacteria and the crucial role of spp. in ARG dissemination in aquatic environments, a thorough understanding and strict surveillance of AQnr families prior to the clinical emergence are imperative. In this study, using comparative genome analyses and functional characterization of AQnr proteins in the genus , novel ARGs requiring surveillance has suggested.
Topics: Aeromonas; Quinolones; Bacterial Proteins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Whole Genome Sequencing; Phylogeny; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38693047
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03043 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024() is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and is multidrug-resistant. It utilizes hemolysin and aerolysin to spread infection. Black soldier flies (BSFs) can be...
BACKGROUND
() is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and is multidrug-resistant. It utilizes hemolysin and aerolysin to spread infection. Black soldier flies (BSFs) can be antibacterial because of the fatty acids it contains.
AIMS
This study aimed to investigate and compare the fatty acid profiles of BSF prepupae grown in fermented and nonfermented media using bioinformatics tools and assess their potential as antibacterial agents against .
METHODS
The study used BSF prepupae reared on various organic substrates. BSF prepupae grown in fermented or nonfermented substrate were observed against fatty acid. The fatty acid analysis was performed using GC-MS. Fatty acids were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level. Fatty acid bioactivity was predicted using the online PASS-two-way drug program. Molecular docking on BSF fatty acid compounds was analyzed with PyMol 2.2 and discovery Studio version 21.1.1.
RESULTS
The molecular docking test showed the strongest bond was oleic acid with aerolysin and linoleic acid with hemolysin. BSF prepupae grown on fermented media showed higher crude fat and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but lower unsaturated fatty acids than nonfermented media.
CONCLUSION
Black soldier fly prepupae, particularly those grown on fermented media, possess antibacterial activity against through potential fatty acid-mediated inhibition of crucial virulence factors.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Computational Biology; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diptera; Hemolysin Proteins; Larva; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38682129
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.18 -
Veterinary World Mar 2024Catfish has a high economic value and is popular among consumers. To ensure well-stocked catfish stocks, good fisheries management must also be ensured. The high demand...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Catfish has a high economic value and is popular among consumers. To ensure well-stocked catfish stocks, good fisheries management must also be ensured. The high demand for catfish must be supplemented by preventive measures against pathogenic bacterial infections using probiotics with high potential for and . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation consisting of a combination of and probiotics on the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study used a completely randomized study with eight treatments and three replications. The manipulated factor was the probiotic concentration [0% (A), 0.5% (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D)] in groups of catfish infected and uninfected with . Combination of , an that were use in a 1:1 ratio of 10 colony forming unit/mL. The study lasted for 42 days. On the 35 day, was infected by intramuscular injection into fish. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics) was used to analyze data on growth, immune system, and water quality.
RESULTS
Providing probiotics in feed can increase the nutritional value of feed based on proximate test results. There were significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR) parameters in the group of catfish infected with (p > 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and percentage weight gain. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly different between treatments C and D. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α parameters were significantly different between treatments A and C, whereas the phagocytic activity of treatment A was significantly different from that of treatment D. There was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in the growth parameters of SGR, ADG, and FCR in the group of fish that were not infected with , with the best treatment being a probiotic concentration of 15%, but there was no significant difference in the SR parameters. IL-1β and TNF-α levels significantly differed between E and E0 (15% probiotics) but were not significantly different in terms of phagocytosis parameters.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that using a combination of probiotics and can improve the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with .
PubMed: 38680146
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.602-611 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024This study investigated the dietary immunomodulatory effects of bark powder (TABP) in , a freshwater fish model. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing...
This study investigated the dietary immunomodulatory effects of bark powder (TABP) in , a freshwater fish model. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing graded levels of TABP (0, 1, 10, and 15 g/kg were fed to fish for 90 days, followed by a 10 day challenge with pathogenic bacteria and . An integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach assessed the impact of TABP on hematological, adaptive, and humoral immune parameters, along with liver histomorphology. Dietary TABP at 10 g/kg significantly enhanced ( < 0.05) hematological indices (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit), specific immune parameters (lysosomal enzyme activity, phagocytosis, respiratory burst), and non-specific immune parameters (serum lysozyme, alternative complement activity), and exhibited improvements in liver architecture consistent with the enhanced immune response. Broken line regression analysis showed 11.5 g/kg to be an optimum dose. However, at 15 g/kg, a compromised trend was observed in some parameters. These findings suggest an optimal dosage range for TABP's immunomodulatory effects. The study highlights the potential of TABP as a natural immunomodulator in fish aquaculture. The improved immune response and concomitant liver health observed in opens avenues for further research on TABP's applicability in animal health, using fish as a model organism. Additionally, the IBR approach proved effective in evaluating TABP's immunomodulatory properties, paving the way for similar studies on other natural products in aquaculture.
PubMed: 38668250
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040295 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2024The high summer mortality in many fish farms, which had detrimental economic and social implications, was a serious challenge that the fish industry had to deal with.
BACKGROUND
The high summer mortality in many fish farms, which had detrimental economic and social implications, was a serious challenge that the fish industry had to deal with.
AIM
With an examination of the most effective antibiotic, the ongoing research was intended to shed light on the identification of the main bacterial pathogens associated with the summer mortality syndrome in the diseased farmed Nile tilapia.
METHODS
Six hundred dead Nile tilapia samples that had suffered from summer mortality were collected from several fish farms between May and October of 2022. The gathered fish displayed hemorrhagic areas on the skin, scale detachment, fin degeneration, erosions, skin ulcers, and corneal opacity with unilateral and/or bilateral exophthalmia. The most prominent internal appearance was swelling of the internal organs with sanguineous ascetic fluid.
RESULTS
There were 225 bacterial isolates found. Six species were identified through phenotypic and biochemical analysis; they were , o, , , , and spp., in descending percentage, respectively. spp., spp., and spp. were the three most frequent isolated bacterial pathogens. The identification of , spp., and , the three most common bacterial isolates, was confirmed by molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction. Most of the tested strains were found to be responsive to Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Gentamicin (CN), and Chloramphenicol (C) but resistant to Amoxicillin (AMX), according to an antibiotic sensitivity test.
CONCLUSION
The three most dangerous common bacterial infections discovered during mass-farmed tilapia summer mortality are , sp., and . This makes it clear that high water temperatures may raise the possibility of bacterial infections, which could cause widespread tilapia mortality and substantial financial losses. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a beneficial fish culture, environment, and husbandry practices to enhance the tilapia-rearing environment and lessen the virulence of the disease. Isolated bacterial strains showed low levels of resistance to AMX but were vulnerable to CIP, CN, and C.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Streptococcus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Virulence; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38633195
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.7