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BioMed Research International 2024Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water...
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water contamination. The study is aimed at isolating bacteria with CP-degrading potential and optimizing their growth conditions, including temperature, pH, and CP concentration. The enrichment culture technique was used, with minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with commercial grade CP. A multilevel factorial design was used to investigate the interactions of temperature, pH, and CP concentration. According to the findings, seven bacterial strains with potential to degrade CP were characterized and identified as , , , sp. strain , sp. strain , , and clone 99. Growth and biodegradation of bacteria differed significantly among the isolates across pH value, temperature, and concentrations ( ≤ 0.05). The optimum conditions for growth were pH 7, temperature of 25°C, and 25mg/l chlorpyrifos concentration, while optimum degradation conditions were pH 5, temp 25°C, and CP conc. 25mg/l. The Pearson correlation between optimum growth and degradation showed a weak positive relationship ( = 0.1144) for pH and strong positive relationship for temperature and concentration of chlorpyrifos. Other than pH, the study shows that there could be other cofactors facilitating the chlorpyrifos degradation process. The findings show that an efficient consortium, at 25°C and pH 5, can include and sp. as they showed high optical density (OD) values under these conditions. These results indicate the potential for these bacteria to be employed in chlorpyrifos-contaminated ecosystem detoxification efforts upon manipulation of natural growth conditions. The findings of this study offer a potential foundation for future research into the reconstitution of a consortium. Based on the optimum conditions identified, the isolated bacterial strains could be further developed into a consortium to effectively degrade CP in both laboratory and field conditions. Dairy farmers can utilize the isolated strains and the consortia to decontaminate farm soils.
Topics: Chlorpyrifos; Soil; Farms; Kenya; Ecosystem; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pseudomonas; Soil Microbiology; Bacillus
PubMed: 38304346
DOI: 10.1155/2024/1611871 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (ODHP) was extracted in a previous study from the culture broth of soil isolate Alcaligenes faecalis MT332429...
Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (ODHP) was extracted in a previous study from the culture broth of soil isolate Alcaligenes faecalis MT332429 and showed a promising antimycotic activity. This study was aimed to formulate ODHP loaded β-cyclodextrins (CD) nanosponge (NS) hydrogel (HG) to control skin fungal ailments since nanosponges augment the retention of tested agents in the skin. Box-Behnken design was used to produce the optimized NS formulation, where entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), polydispersity index (PDI), and particle size (PS) were assigned as dependent parameters, while the independent process parameters were polyvinyl alcohol % (w/v %), polymer-linker ratio, homogenization time, and speed. The carbopol 940 hydrogel was then created by incorporating the nanosponges. The hydrogel fit Higuchi's kinetic release model the best, according to in vitro drug release. Stability and photodegradation studies revealed that the NS-HG remained stable under tested conditions. The formulation also showed higher in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to the control fluconazole. In vivo study showed that ODHP-NS-HG increased survival rates, wound contraction, and healing of wound gap and inhibited the inflammation process compared to the other control groups. The histopathological examinations and Masson's trichrome staining showed improved healing and higher records of collagen deposition. Moreover, the permeability of ODHP-NS-HG was higher through rats' skin by 1.5-folds compared to the control isoconazole 1%. Therefore, based on these results, NS-HG formulation is a potential carrier for enhanced and improved topical delivery of ODHP. Our study is a pioneering research on the development of a formulation for ODHP produced naturally from soil bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate was successfully formulated as a nanosponge hydrogel and statistically optimized. • The new formula exhibited in vitro good stability, drug release, and higher antifungal activity against C. albicans as compared to the fluconazole. • Ex vivo showed enhanced skin permeability, and in vivo analysis showed high antifungal activity as evidenced by measurement of various biochemical parameters and histopathological examination.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Hydrogels; Antifungal Agents; Fluconazole; Propionates; Alcaligenes faecalis; Candida albicans; Soil; Particle Size; Butanes
PubMed: 38217256
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12819-3 -
Journal of Innate Immunity 2023Epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells by β-glucan in a process called trained immunity leads to an enhanced host response to a secondary infection. β-Glucans...
Epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells by β-glucan in a process called trained immunity leads to an enhanced host response to a secondary infection. β-Glucans are structural components of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria and thus recognized as non-self by human macrophages. We selected the β-glucan curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis, WGP dispersible from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and β-glucan-rich culture supernatant of Alternaria and investigated whether they could produce trained immunity effects leading to an increased control of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We observed a significant M. tuberculosis growth reduction in macrophages trained with curdlan and Alternaria, which also correlated with increased IL-6 and IL-1β release. WGP dispersible-trained macrophages were stratified into "non-responders" and "responders," according to their ability to control M. tuberculosis, with "responders" producing higher IL-6 levels. The addition of neutrophils to infected macrophage cultures further enhanced macrophage control of virulent M. tuberculosis, but not in a stimuli-dependent manner. Pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylome data also highlighted hypomethylation of genes in pathways associated with signaling and cellular reorganization and motility, and "responders" to WGP training were enriched in the interferon-gamma signaling pathway. This study adds evidence that certain β-glucans show promise as immune-training agents.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Interleukin-6; Macrophages; beta-Glucans; Immunity, Innate; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 37734337
DOI: 10.1159/000533873 -
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2023Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are infections that occur in the legs of diabetics due to the destruction of the deepest skin tissue. Recent studies have reported the presence of Alcaligenes faecalis with extensive drug resistance (XDR) properties as a cause of diabetic ulcers. Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The method used is the spot test method, host range, and identification of nucleic acid types.
RESULTS
The results showed that the 6 bacteriophages isolated, namely AFaV1, AFaV2, AFaV3, AFaV4, AFaV5, and AFaV6, had cloudy plaques with a diameter of ±3 mm. AFaV1, AFaV2, and AFaV4 isolates could infect all bacteria used; they were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. The nucleic acid types of the 6 bacteriophage samples were dsDNA with band length > 1 Kb.
CONCLUSIONS
The 6 isolates that were isolated had the ability to infect by forming a prophage that could inhibit the growth of Alcaligenes faecalis and other pathogenic bacteria in diabetic ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Ulcer; Bacterial Infections; Diabetes Complications; Nucleic Acids; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37728456
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.125363 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Aug 2023In recent years, crop production has expanded due to the variety of commercially available species. This increase in production has led to global competition and the...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, crop production has expanded due to the variety of commercially available species. This increase in production has led to global competition and the search for biostimulant products that improve crop quality and yield. At the same time, agricultural products that protect against diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms are needed. Thus, the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is a proposal for achieving these needs. In this research, SeNPs were synthesized from methanolic extract of Amphipterygium glaucum leaves, and chemically and biologically characterized.
RESULTS
The characterization of SeNPs was conducted by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microscopy transmission (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) techniques. SeNPs with an average size of 40-60 nm and spherical and needle-shaped morphologies were obtained. The antibacterial activity of SeNPs against Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Alcaligenes faecalis was evaluated. The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of A. glaucum and SeNPs presented a high antioxidant activity. The biostimulant effect of SeNPs (10, 20, 50, and 100 µM) was evaluated in vinca (Catharanthus roseus), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) plants under greenhouse conditions, and they improved growth parameters such as the height, the fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves; and the number of flowers of vinca and calendula.
CONCLUSIONS
The antibacterial, antioxidant, and biostimulant properties of SeNPs synthesized from A. glaucum extract demonstrated in this study support their use as a promising tool in crop production.
Topics: Antioxidants; Selenium; Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37537575
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02027-6 -
PeerJ 2023has a well-established negative impact on rice yield in transplanted and direct-seeded rice, resulting in yield losses of up to 20 to 90 percent. Studies were...
has a well-established negative impact on rice yield in transplanted and direct-seeded rice, resulting in yield losses of up to 20 to 90 percent. Studies were undertaken to isolate potential native strains of bio-control agents to manage the devastating Rice Root Knot Nematode (). Eighteen bacterial strains and eleven fungal strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of crops like rice, okra, ash gourd, chili, beans and cucumber, enveloping diverse soil types from the Upper Brahmaputra Valley region of Assam. Six bacterial strains were gram-positive according to morphological results, while twelve others stained negatively. Fifteen bacteria were rod-shaped, two were coccus and one was diplococcus, and all the bacterial isolates showed signs of movement. All the bacterial strains exhibited positivity for gelatin hydrolysis and catalase test. Seven bacteria showed positive, while eleven showed negative reactions to possess the ability to deduce carbon and energy from citrate. The study of the efficacy of the twenty-nine bacterial and fungal isolates tested against second-stage juveniles (J) of revealed that all the bacterial and fungal isolates potentially inhibited the test organism and caused significant mortality over sterile water treatment. The promising bacterial and fungal isolates that exhibited mortality above 50% were identified as BSH8, BTS4, BTS5, BJA15, FJB 11 and FSH5. The strain BSH8 exhibited the best result of mortality, with 80.79% mortality against J of . The strain BTS4 and BTS5 expressed mortality of 71.29% and 68.75% under conditions and were significant. The effective and promising bioagents were identified using the 16 S rRNA sequencing as (BSH8), (BTS4), (BTS5), (BJA15), (FSH5) and (FJB11). These results indicated the microorganism's potential against and its potential for successful biological implementation. Further, the native strains could be tested against various nematode pests of rice in field conditions. Its compatibility with various pesticides and the implication of the potential strains in integrated pest management can be assessed.
Topics: Animals; Tylenchoidea; Oryza; Soil; Pest Control; Pesticides
PubMed: 37529212
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15779 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2023Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and...
Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and infection. We previously showed that aspects of the diabetic foot ulcer microbiota were correlated with poor healing outcomes, but many microbial species recovered remain uninvestigated with respect to wound healing. Here we focused on , a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently recovered from chronic wounds but rarely causes infection. Treatment of diabetic wounds with accelerated healing during early stages. We investigated the underlying mechanisms and found that treatment promotes re-epithelialization of diabetic keratinocytes, a process which is necessary for healing but deficient in chronic wounds. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases in diabetes contributes to failed epithelialization, and we found that treatment balances this overexpression to allow proper healing. This work uncovers a mechanism of bacterial-driven wound repair and provides a foundation for the development of microbiota-based wound interventions.
PubMed: 37425836
DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547263 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2023Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70 strain isolated in Guangzhou of China and, was submitted to NCBI on 16 November 2018.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay using BD Phoenix 100. The phylogenetic tree of AFM and other B1 metallo-β-lactamases was visualized by MEGA7.0. Whole-genome sequencing technology was used to sequence carbapenem-resistant strains including the bla gene. Cloning and expressing of bla were designed to verify the function of AFM-1 to hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP and Etest experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of carbapenemase. Homology modeling was applied to predict the spatial structure of AFM-1. A conjugation assay was performed to test the ability of horizontal transfer of AFM-1 enzyme. The genetic context of bla was performed by Blast alignment.
RESULTS
Alcaligenes faecalis strain AN70, Comamonas testosteroni strain NFYY023, Bordetella trematum strain E202, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain NCTC10498 were identified as carrying the bla gene. All of these four strains were carbapenem-resistant strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AFM-1 shares little nucleotide and amino acid identity with other class B carbapenemases (the highest identity (86%) with NDM-1 at the amino acid sequence level). The spatial structure of the AFM-1 enzyme was predicted to be αβ/βα sandwich structure, with two zinc atoms at its active site structure. Cloning and expressing of bla verified AFM-1 could hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP test presented that the AFM-1 enzyme possesses carbapenemase activity. The successful transfer of pAN70-1(plasmid of AN70) to E.coli J53 suggested that the bla gene could be disseminated by the plasmid. The genetic context of bla indicated that the downstream of the bla gene was always adjacent to trpF and ble. Comparative genome analysis revealed that bla appeared to have been mobilized by an ISCR27-related mediated event.
CONCLUSIONS
The bla gene is derived from chromosome and plasmid, and the bla gene derived from the pAN70-1 plasmid can transfer carbapenem resistance to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer. Several bla-positive species have been isolated from feces in Guangzhou, China.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Escherichia coli; China
PubMed: 37198688
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00592-0 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Apr 2023Sustainability in agricultural systems without compromising the environmental quality and conservation is one of the major concerns of today's world. The excessive use...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Sustainability in agricultural systems without compromising the environmental quality and conservation is one of the major concerns of today's world. The excessive use of agrochemicals is posing serious threats to the environment. Therefore identification of efficient plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria as an alternative to chemically synthesized fertilizers is of great interest.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present investigation, forest soil samples collected were used for isolation of efficient plant growth promoting bacteria.
RESULTS
Total of 14 bacteria were isolated, and tested for various PGP properties. Out of the 14 isolates, four isolates labelled as BKOU-1, BKOU-8, BKOU-13 and BKOU-14 showed significant plant growth promoting traits, hydrolytic enzyme production and effectively restricted the mycelial development of phyto-pathogenic fungi ( and ). 16 S rRNA gene sequences of the bacterial isolates BKOU-1, BKOU-8, BKOU-13 and BKOU-14 were found to have maximum identity with and respectively. All four bacterial isolates nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank and NCBI accession numbers were generated as follows: OL721916, OL721918, OL721919 and OL721926.
CONCLUSION
According to the findings of the study, these PGPR could be employed as biofertilizers/biopesticides to boost crop yield of different crops in sustainable manner.
PubMed: 37193242
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i2.12480 -
Acta Naturae 2023Changes in the structure of the N-acyl group in N-acylated amino acid derivatives significantly affect both the recognition and activity of penicillin acylases on this...
Changes in the structure of the N-acyl group in N-acylated amino acid derivatives significantly affect both the recognition and activity of penicillin acylases on this series of substrates. However, penicillin acylases from both Alcaligenes faecalis and Escherichia coli are capable of removing the N-benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group in amino acid derivatives under mild conditions without the use of toxic reagents. Efficiency in using penicillin acylases in preparative organic synthesis can be improved by utilizing modern rational enzyme design methods.
PubMed: 37153508
DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.13703