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Frontiers in Psychology 2024Despite an increasing amount of research on the relationship between parenting styles and neurodevelopmental disorders, there has been minimal focus on how parenting...
BACKGROUND
Despite an increasing amount of research on the relationship between parenting styles and neurodevelopmental disorders, there has been minimal focus on how parenting styles impact children's reading abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mediating role of the home literacy environment in the connection between parenting styles and dyslexia.
METHODS
A total of 212 primary school students from grade 2-5 were recruited for this study. The Chinese Reading Ability Test was used to screen children with dyslexia. The home literacy environment was evaluated using a structured questionnaire that measured the frequency and quality of reading-related activities between parents and children. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire was used to assess the parenting style, including emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, and anxious rearing. It is a self-report tool filled out by the children themselves, used to assess their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. The structural equation modeling was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of parenting styles on dyslexia.
RESULTS
Compared to control group, male children with dyslexia had lower scores in parenting styles characterized by emotional warmth, overprotecting and anxious rearing ( < 0.05), while female children with dyslexia only showed lower scores in anxious rearing ( < 0.05). Children with dyslexia lacked regular reading time (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.04-6.97, < 0.05), and have higher homework pressure compared to normal children (OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.45-37.82, < 0.05). Additionally, emotional warmth, paternal overprotection and anxious rearing were negatively associated with dyslexia in children (all < 0.05). Our findings indicate a strong correlation between dyslexia, home literacy environment, and parenting styles. In a structural equation model, the home literacy environment was identified as an independent mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia. The total effect of parenting styles on dyslexia is 0.55, with an indirect effect of 0.68 mediated by the home literacy environment.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that home literacy environment serves as a mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia in children. This study highlights how parenting styles influence dyslexia, offering key insights for aiding dyslexic children and guiding effective interventions.
PubMed: 38939228
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382519 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Despite the high prevalence of developmental dyslexia in the U.S. population, research remains limited and possibly biased due to the overrepresentation of males in most...
Despite the high prevalence of developmental dyslexia in the U.S. population, research remains limited and possibly biased due to the overrepresentation of males in most dyslexic samples. Studying biological sex differences in the context of developmental dyslexia can help provide a more complete understanding of the neurological markers that underly this disorder. The current study aimed to explore sex differences in white matter diffusivity in typical and dyslexic samples in third and fourth graders. Participants were asked to complete behavioral/cognitive assessments at baseline followed by MRI scanning and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. A series of ANOVAs were conducted for comparing group membership (developmental dyslexia or typically developing), gender status (F/M), and white matter diffusivity in the tracts of interest. The Results indicated significant differences in fractional anisotropy in the left hemisphere components of the inferior and superior (parietal and temporal) longitudinal fasciculi. While males with dyslexia had lower fractional anisotropy in these tracts compared to control males, no such differences were found in females. The results of the current study may suggest that females may use a more bilateral/alternative reading network.
PubMed: 38929300
DOI: 10.3390/children11060721 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Neurodevelopmental disorders can be studied from two distinct perspectives: an internal approach, which examines the causes and consequences of these disorders; and a... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Neurodevelopmental disorders can be studied from two distinct perspectives: an internal approach, which examines the causes and consequences of these disorders; and a contextual approach, which considers the role of the family in the lives of children and adolescents. Research has demonstrated that the most significant form of family involvement in families raising a child with NDD is through homework. This involvement has been shown to have an emotional impact on children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD or dyslexia. The objective of this study is to review published articles on homework and neurodevelopmental disorders, with particular attention to the role of the family and the emotional health of children and families.
METHOD
The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The final sample consisted of 11 articles, with samples ranging from less than 30 participants to more than 100 at the international level.
RESULTS
The results demonstrate the complex methodological and bibliometric picture of the final sample, as well as the many emotional and contextual variables that influence the relationship between homework and neurodevelopmental disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should consider how emotional health affects the engagement of families with children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
PubMed: 38929292
DOI: 10.3390/children11060713 -
Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF Jun 2024An intronic deletion within intron 2 of the DCDC2 gene encompassing the entire READ1 (hereafter, READ1d) has been associated in both children with developmental dyslexia...
BACKGROUND
An intronic deletion within intron 2 of the DCDC2 gene encompassing the entire READ1 (hereafter, READ1d) has been associated in both children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and typical readers (TRs), with interindividual variation in reading performance and motion perception as well as with structural and functional brain alterations. Visual motion perception -- specifically processed by the magnocellular (M) stream -- has been reported to be a solid and reliable endophenotype of DD. Hence, we predicted that READ1d should affect neural activations in brain regions sensitive to M stream demands as reading proficiency changes.
METHODS
We investigated neural activations during two M-eliciting fMRI visual tasks (full-field sinusoidal gratings controlled for spatial and temporal frequencies and luminance contrast, and sensitivity to motion coherence at 6%, 15% and 40% dot coherence levels) in four subject groups: children with DD with/without READ1d, and TRs with/without READ1d.
RESULTS
At the Bonferroni-corrected level of significance, reading skills showed a significant effect in the right polar frontal cortex during the full-field sinusoidal gratings-M task. Regardless of the presence/absence of the READ1d, subjects with poor reading proficiency showed hyperactivation in this region of interest (ROI) compared to subjects with better reading scores. Moreover, a significant interaction was found between READ1d and reading performance in the left frontal opercular area 4 during the 15% coherent motion sensitivity task. Among subjects with poor reading performance, neural activation in this ROI during this specific task was higher for subjects without READ1d than for READ1d carriers. The difference vanished as reading skills increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings showed a READ1d-moderated genetic vulnerability to alterations in neural activation in the ventral attentive and salient networks during the processing of relevant stimuli in subjects with poor reading proficiency.
Topics: Humans; Dyslexia; Male; Child; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parietal Lobe; Reading; Motion Perception; Frontal Lobe; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Brain Mapping; Nerve Net; Photic Stimulation
PubMed: 38926731
DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00241-2 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and, as such, its study entails great challenges (methodological, theoretical, etc.). Nonetheless, there is a... (Review)
Review
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and, as such, its study entails great challenges (methodological, theoretical, etc.). Nonetheless, there is a remarkable amount of studies about the consequences of pathological conditions on its development and functioning. This bibliographic review aims to cover mostly findings related to changes in the physical distribution of neurons and their connections-the connectome-both structural and functional, as well as their modelling approaches. It does not intend to offer an extensive description of all conditions affecting the brain; rather, it presents the most common ones. Thus, here, we highlight the need for accurate brain modelling that can subsequently be used to understand brain function and be applied to diagnose, track, and simulate treatments for the most prevalent pathologies affecting the brain.
PubMed: 38921242
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060362 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024While genetic and environmental factors have been shown as predictors of children's reading ability, the interaction effects of identified genetic risk susceptibility...
Interaction between Risk Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Developmental Dyslexia and Parental Education on Reading Ability: Evidence for Differential Susceptibility Theory.
While genetic and environmental factors have been shown as predictors of children's reading ability, the interaction effects of identified genetic risk susceptibility and the specified environment for reading ability have rarely been investigated. The current study assessed potential gene-environment (G×E) interactions on reading ability in 1477 school-aged children. The gene-environment interactions on character recognition were investigated by an exploratory analysis between the risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were discovered by previous genome-wide association studies of developmental dyslexia (DD), and parental education (PE). The re-parameterized regression analysis suggested that this G×E interaction conformed to the strong differential susceptibility model. The results showed that rs281238 exhibits a significant interaction with PE on character recognition. Children with the "T" genotype profited from high PE, whereas they performed worse in low PE environments, but "CC" genotype children were not malleable in different PE environments. This study provided initial evidence for how the significant SNPs in developmental dyslexia GWA studies affect children's reading performance by interacting with the environmental factor of parental education.
PubMed: 38920839
DOI: 10.3390/bs14060507 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Apr 2024Language disorders may interfere with social integration and affectpersonal development. Beca-use the balance of the stomatognathic system can interfere with language,...
UNLABELLED
Language disorders may interfere with social integration and affectpersonal development. Beca-use the balance of the stomatognathic system can interfere with language, it is important for speech therapy and dentistry to work together, providing multidisciplinar y Healthcare.
AIM
To analyze the 100 most frequently cited articles on language disorders in children and adolescents and assess the interplay with dentistry by means of a bibliometric analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
A search of the 100 most frequently cited articles up to December 2021 on language disorders was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four researchers extracted the data on number of citations, title, authors, country, year of publication, journals, study design, prevalent clinical conditions, and area of expertise. The analyses were performed using VOSviewer and Excel.
RESULTS
The total number of citations ranged from 251 to 1,431. Four articles were cited more than 1,000 times. Bishop DVM (10 articles; 3,653 citations) and Tomblin JD (10 articles; 4,261 citations) were the most frequently cited authors. The institutions with the largest number of publications were the University of Oxford/England (11%) and the University of Kansas/USA (8%). Observational study design was the most frequent (77%). Autism spectrum disorder (18%) and dyslexia (14%) were the most broadly investigated clinical conditions. Speech-language pathology (32%) was the area of expertise with the largest number of articles, and none of the top 100 studies showed interplay with dentistry.
CONCLUSION
The 100 most widely cited articles on language disorders are mostly observational, mainly address autism spectrum disorder, and are in the field of speech-language pathology No study reported interplay with dentistry.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Language Development Disorders; Dentistry
PubMed: 38920128
DOI: 10.54589/aol.37/1/68 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2024Slow cortical oscillations play a crucial role in processing the speech amplitude envelope, which is perceived atypically by children with developmental dyslexia. Here...
Slow cortical oscillations play a crucial role in processing the speech amplitude envelope, which is perceived atypically by children with developmental dyslexia. Here we use electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during natural speech listening to identify neural processing patterns involving slow oscillations that may characterize children with dyslexia. In a story listening paradigm, we find that atypical power dynamics and phase-amplitude coupling between delta and theta oscillations characterize dyslexic versus other child control groups (typically-developing controls, other language disorder controls). We further isolate EEG common spatial patterns (CSP) during speech listening across delta and theta oscillations that identify dyslexic children. A linear classifier using four delta-band CSP variables predicted dyslexia status (0.77 AUC). Crucially, these spatial patterns also identified children with dyslexia when applied to EEG measured during a rhythmic syllable processing task. This transfer effect (i.e., the ability to use neural features derived from a story listening task as input features to a classifier based on a rhythmic syllable task) is consistent with a core developmental deficit in neural processing of speech rhythm. The findings are suggestive of distinct atypical neurocognitive speech encoding mechanisms underlying dyslexia, which could be targeted by novel interventions.
PubMed: 38911229
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1403677 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jun 2024Delay in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in toddlers and postnatal depression (PND) is a major public health issue. In both cases, early... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Delay in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in toddlers and postnatal depression (PND) is a major public health issue. In both cases, early intervention is crucial but too rarely implemented in practice.
OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to determine if a dedicated mobile app can improve screening of 5 NDDs (autism spectrum disorder [ASD], language delay, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) and reduce PND incidence.
METHODS
We performed an observational, cross-sectional, data-based study in a population of young parents in France with at least 1 child aged <10 years at the time of inclusion and regularly using Malo, an "all-in-one" multidomain digital health record electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) app for smartphones. We included the first 50,000 users matching the criteria and agreeing to participate between May 1, 2022, and February 8, 2024. Parents received periodic questionnaires assessing skills in neurodevelopment domains via the app. Mothers accessed a support program to prevent PND and were requested to answer regular PND questionnaires. When any PROs matched predefined criteria, an in-app recommendation was sent to book an appointment with a family physician or pediatrician. The main outcomes were the median age of the infant at the time of notification for possible NDD and the incidence of PND detection after childbirth. One secondary outcome was the relevance of the NDD notification by consultation as assessed by health professionals.
RESULTS
Among 55,618 children median age 4 months (IQR 9), 439 (0.8%) had at least 1 disorder for which consultation was critically necessary. The median ages of notification for probable ASD, language delay, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and ADHD were 32.5 (IQR 12.8), 16 (IQR 13), 36 (IQR 22.5), 80 (IQR 5), and 61 (IQR 15.5) months, respectively. The rate of probable ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, language delay, and dyspraxia in the population of children of the age included between the detection limits of each alert was 1.48%, 0.21%, 1.52%, 0.91%, and 0.37%, respectively. Sensitivity of alert notifications for suspected NDDs as assessed by the physicians was 78.6% and specificity was 98.2%. Among 8243 mothers who completed a PND questionnaire, highly probable PND was detected in 938 (11.4%), corresponding to a reduction of -31% versus our previous study without a support program. Suspected PND was detected a median 96 days (IQR 86) after childbirth. Among 130 users who filled in the satisfaction survey, 99.2% (129/130) found the app easy to use and 70% (91/130) reported that the app improved follow-up of their child. The app was rated 4.8/5 on Apple's App Store.
CONCLUSIONS
Algorithm-based early alerts suggesting NDDs were highly specific with good sensitivity as assessed by real-life practitioners. Early detection of 5 NDDs and PNDs was efficient and led to a possible 31% reduction in PND incidence.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06301087; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06301087.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Mobile Applications; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Early Diagnosis; Male; Child, Preschool; Child; Depression, Postpartum; Infant; France; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38888952
DOI: 10.2196/58565 -
Data in Brief Jun 2024This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by...
This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by primary school students and children under intervention by the Malaysia Dyslexia Association (PDM). Students were expected to copy and write the sentences provided on the paper form that was used to gather data. Students were required to write three sets of sentences. The paper was digitalized by scanning it and converting it into digital form. Furthermore, the images were pre-processed using image processing techniques by converting the images into binary format and interchanging the foreground and background colors. The images were then classified into two categories, namely potential dysgraphia and low potential dysgraphia. The dataset comprised a total of 249 handwriting images, obtained from a sample of 83 participants who were selected in the data collection process, with 114 for potential dysgraphia and 135 for low potential dysgraphia. Both categories of handwriting images were prepared in black and white images.
PubMed: 38868380
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110534