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Scientific Reports Jun 2024Exposure to NO generated by plasma technology activates immunity in Arabidopsis through tryptophan metabolites. However, little is known about the effects of NO exposure...
Exposure to NO generated by plasma technology activates immunity in Arabidopsis through tryptophan metabolites. However, little is known about the effects of NO exposure on other plant species. Sweet basil synthesizes many valuable secondary metabolites in its leaves. Therefore, metabolomic analyses were performed at three different exposure levels [9.7 (Ex1), 19.4 (Ex2) and 29.1 (Ex3) μmol] to assess the effects of NO on basil leaves. As a result, cinnamaldehyde and phenolic acids increased with increasing doses. Certain flavonoids, columbianetin, and caryophyllene oxide increased with lower Ex1 exposure, cineole and methyl eugenol increased with moderate Ex2 exposure and L-glutathione GSH also increased with higher Ex3 exposure. Furthermore, gene expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR showed that certain genes involved in the syntheses of secondary metabolites and jasmonic acid were significantly up-regulated early after NO exposure. These results suggest that NO exposure increases several valuable secondary metabolites in sweet basil leaves via plant defense responses in a controllable system.
Topics: Ocimum basilicum; Plant Leaves; Secondary Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Metabolomics; Flavonoids; Eugenol; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38834771
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63508-8 -
International Journal of Food... Aug 2024The study prepared and used eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin as fungistat to study its antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Penicillium italicum (P....
The study prepared and used eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin as fungistat to study its antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Penicillium italicum (P. italicum). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin (EGN) was lower than that of pure eugenol nanoemulsion (EG), which were 160 μg/mL and 320 μg/mL, respectively. At the same time, the mycelial growth inhibition rate of EGN nanoemulsion (54.68 %) was also higher than that of EG nanoemulsion (9.92 %). This indicates that EGN nanoemulsion is more effective than EG nanoemulsion. Compared with EG nanoemulsion, the treatment of EGN nanoemulsion caused more serious damage to the cell structure of P. italicum. At the same time, in vitro inoculation experiments found that EGN nanoemulsion has better control and delay the growth and reproduction of P. italicum in citrus fruits. And the results reflected that EGN nanoemulsion may be considered as potential resouces of natural antiseptic to inhibit blue mold disease of citrus fruits, because it has good antifungal activity.
Topics: Penicillium; Eugenol; Antifungal Agents; Emulsions; Flavones; Citrus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38823189
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110769 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising...
Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising antibacterial agent. In this study, a qualitative and quantitative method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of three bioactive substances, cinnamaldehyde (CNM), thymol (THY), and eugenol (EUG), in the essential oils of plants. Necessary tests for linearity, limit of quantification, recovery, carryover contamination and precision of the method were carried out. Then, the antibacterial activity of 3 bioactive compounds against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration and the synergistic antimicrobial effect. The results indicated that CNM, THY and EUG had good antibacterial activity. According to the results of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), it is considered that CNM + THY and CNM + THY + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on E. coli, and CNM + THY and CNM + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Finally, we analyzed the effect of the bioactive compounds on trace elements in bacteria and found significant changes in magnesium, calcium, copper and iron.
Topics: Eugenol; Acrolein; Thymol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38816435
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63114-8 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2024Trace palladium in synthetic materials can be rapidly and inexpensively semiquantified by a catalysis-based fluorometric method that converts resorufin allyl ether to...
Trace palladium in synthetic materials can be rapidly and inexpensively semiquantified by a catalysis-based fluorometric method that converts resorufin allyl ether to resorufin. However, whether sulfur compounds would interfere with this method has not been systematically studied. Herein, we show that although thiourea in solution interferes with quantification, sulfide, thiol, and thiocarbamate do not. The fluorometric method can also detect palladium bound to sulfur-based scavenger resin and outperform inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detecting trace palladium in ibuprofen.
Topics: Palladium; Ibuprofen; Catalysis; Fluorometry; Molecular Structure; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 38804706
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00651 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024The amelioration of refractory diabetic ulcers presents a formidable conundrum on a global scale, attributable to the elevated peril of contagion and protracted...
The amelioration of refractory diabetic ulcers presents a formidable conundrum on a global scale, attributable to the elevated peril of contagion and protracted convalescence durations. Within the purlieus of this reparative epoch, the deployment of efficacious wound coverings endowed with both angiogenesis and antibacterial attributes is of paramount significance. Hydrogel wound dressings are distinguished by their elevated biocompatibility, adhesive tenacity, and innate regenerative capacity. Eugenol, a substance distilled from the blossoms of the lilac, serves as a precursor to metformin and is known to impede the genesis of reactive oxygen species. Although its antibacterial effects have been extensively chronicled, the angiogenic ramifications of eugenol within the context of wound remediation remain under-investigated. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eugenol-infused hydrogel as a wound dressing material. In this context, polyurethane gelatin (PG) was combined with eugenol at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, creating PG-eugenol hydrogel mixtures with specific mass ratios for both in vivo and in vitro assessments. The in vivo studies indicated that hydrogels infused with eugenol expedited diabetic wound healing by fostering angiogenesis. Enhanced healing was noted, attributed to improved antibacterial and angiogenic properties, increased cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and re-epithelialization. The in vitro analyses revealed that eugenol-enriched hydrogels stimulated the growth of fibroblasts (HFF-1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exhibited antibacterial characteristics. This investigation confirms the potential of eugenol-laden hydrogels in effectively treating diabetic wound defects.
Topics: Eugenol; Wound Healing; Polyurethanes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gelatin; Animals; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Bandages; Rats; Hydrogels; Male; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Cell Proliferation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Angiogenesis
PubMed: 38795896
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132619 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024is a species of tick in the family Ixodidae, with equids and capybaras among its preferred hosts. In this study, the acaricidal activity of the essential oil (EO) from...
is a species of tick in the family Ixodidae, with equids and capybaras among its preferred hosts. In this study, the acaricidal activity of the essential oil (EO) from and its main component, Dillapiole, were evaluated against larvae of to establish lethal concentration values and assess the effects of these compounds on tick enzymes. Dillapiole exhibited slightly greater activity (LC = 3.38 mg/mL; 95% CI = 3.24 to 3.54) than EO (LC = 3.49 mg/mL; 95% CI = 3.36 to 3.62) against ticks. The activities of α-esterase (α-EST), β-esterase (β-EST), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes in larvae treated with Dillapiole showed a significant increase compared to the control at all concentrations (LC, LC, LC and LC), similar results were obtained with EO, except for α-EST, which did not differ from the control at the highest concentration (LC). The results of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity show an increase in enzyme activity at the two lower concentrations (LC and LC) and a reduction in activity at the two higher, lethal concentrations (LC and LC) compared to the control. These results suggest potential mechanisms of action for these natural acaricides and can provide guidance for the future development of potential plant-derived formulations.
Topics: Animals; Acaricides; Acetylcholinesterase; Allyl Compounds; Amblyomma; Benzodioxoles; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dioxoles; Esterases; Glutathione Transferase; Inactivation, Metabolic; Larva; Oils, Volatile; Piper
PubMed: 38791458
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105420 -
Nature Communications May 2024Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent...
Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C - F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C - C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C - F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
PubMed: 38773086
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48541-5 -
Poultry Science Jul 2024This study was designed to examine the impact of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, jejunal barrier function, and cecal...
Effect of dietary aspirin eugenol ester on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal inflammation, and cecal microbiota of broilers under high stocking density.
This study was designed to examine the impact of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, jejunal barrier function, and cecal microbiota of broilers raised under stressful high density (HD) stocking conditions compared with normal density broilers (ND). A total of 432 one-day-old AA+ male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal density (ND, 14 broilers /m), high density (HD, 22 broilers /m), ND + AEE, and HD + AEE. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in the growth performance of broiler chickens as a result of HD stress (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum demonstrated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) at both 28 and 35 d. Conversely, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of AEE resulted in a significant elevation (P < 0.05) of serum GSH-PX, SOD and T-AOC activity at both 28 and 35 d. Moreover, exposure to HD stress resulted in a considerable reduction in the height of intestinal villi and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum, along with, a significant elevation in the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). However, the administration of AEE reversed the adverse effects of HD-induced stress on villus height and suppressed the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes, COX-2 and mPGES-1. Additionally, the exposure to HD stress resulted in a substantial reduction in the α-diversity of cecal microbiota and disruption in the equilibrium of intestinal microbial composition, with a notable decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05). In contrast, the addition of AEE to the feed resulted in a notable increase in the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and enhanced microbial diversity (P < 0.05). The inclusion of AEE in the diet has been demonstrated to enhance intestinal integrity and growth performance of broilers by effectively mitigating disruptions in gut microbiota induced by HD stress.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Antioxidants; Diet; Cecum; Aspirin; Animal Feed; Dietary Supplements; Eugenol; Random Allocation; Animal Husbandry; Inflammation
PubMed: 38772090
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103825 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024A series of 19 novel eugenol derivatives containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety was synthesized via a two-step process, with the key step being a copper(I)-catalyzed...
A series of 19 novel eugenol derivatives containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety was synthesized via a two-step process, with the key step being a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The compounds were assessed for their antifungal activities against , the causative agent of papaya anthracnose. Triazoles , , , and , at 100 ppm, were the most effective, reducing mycelial growth by 88.3, 85.5, 82.4, and 81.4%, respectively. Molecular docking calculations allowed us to elucidate the binding mode of these derivatives in the catalytic pocket of CYP51. The best-docked compounds bind closely to the heme cofactor and within the channel access of the lanosterol () substrate, with crucial interactions involving residues Tyr102, Ile355, Met485, and Phe486. From such studies, the antifungal activity is likely attributed to the prevention of substrate entry by the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The triazoles derived from natural eugenol represent a novel lead in the search for environmentally safe agents for controlling .
Topics: Colletotrichum; Eugenol; Carica; Fungicides, Industrial; Triazoles; Molecular Docking Simulation; Plant Diseases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Drug Design; Fungal Proteins; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38771934
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00440 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024A comprehensive study of the overall flavor and taste profile of different radishes is lacking. This study systematically compared the volatile profile of six radish...
A comprehensive study of the overall flavor and taste profile of different radishes is lacking. This study systematically compared the volatile profile of six radish varieties using HS-GC-IMS and their correlation with the -nose analysis. Organic acids and amino acids were quantified, and their association with the E-tongues analysis was explored. A total of 73 volatile compounds were identified, with diallyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide being the primary sulfides responsible for the unpleasant flavor in radish. Compared to other varieties, cherry radishes boast a significantly higher concentration of allyl isothiocyanate, which likely contributes to their characteristic radish flavor. Moreover, oxalic acid was identified as the most abundant organic acid in radish, accounting for over 97% of its content, followed by malic acid and succinic acid. In conclusion, the distinct flavor and taste characteristics of different radish varieties partially explain their suitability for diverse culinary preferences.
PubMed: 38756475
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101419