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Evidence-based Complementary and... 2024This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chemical compounds from the roots of (L.) and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. From the...
This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chemical compounds from the roots of (L.) and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. From the acetone (99.5%) extract of the roots of this plant, four anthraquinones, such as chrysophanol (), asphodeline (), aloesaponarin I (), and laccaic acid D-methyl ester (), and a new catechol derivative, 5-allyl-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol (), were isolated and elucidated by different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods together with linoleic acid (), respectively. Compounds , and were reported here for the first time from this plant and compound from the genus . The compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using HO and DPPH assays and bactericidal activity against and . Compounds and showed highest antioxidant activities with IC values of 19.38 ± 0.64 and 32.81 ± 0.78 g/mL in DPPH, and 28.52 ± 1.08 and 27.31 ± 1.46 g/mL in HO, respectively. The isolated compounds also demonstrated considerable activity towards . Among these compounds, compound exhibited the highest activity (91.20 ± 0.12% and 9.14 ± 0.93 mm at 1.0 mg/mL) against this bacterium. The overall results suggest that the isolated compounds may be considered as potential sources of the bioactive agents to be used in the pharmacological, food, and other industries. Moreover, their high sensitivity against may also support the use of plant in the traditional medicine to treat wounds. Therefore, the isolated compounds are responsible for medicinal properties of this plant.
PubMed: 38746073
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6651648 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Adoption of plant-derived compounds for the management of oral cancer is encouraged by the scientific community due to emerging chemoresistance and conventional...
Adoption of plant-derived compounds for the management of oral cancer is encouraged by the scientific community due to emerging chemoresistance and conventional treatments adverse effects. Considering that very few studies investigated eugenol clinical relevance for gingival carcinoma, we ought to explore its selectivity and performance according to aggressiveness level. For this purpose, non-oncogenic human oral epithelial cells (GMSM-K) were used together with the Tongue (SCC-9) and Gingival (Ca9-22) squamous cell carcinoma lines to assess key tumorigenesis processes. Overall, eugenol inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation while inducing cytotoxicity in cancer cells as compared to normal counterparts. The recorded effect was greater in gingival carcinoma and appears to be mediated through apoptosis induction and promotion of p21/p27/cyclin D1 modulation and subsequent Ca9-22 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, in a p53-independent manner. At these levels, distinct genetic profiles were uncovered for both cell lines by QPCR array. Moreover, it seems that our active component limited Ca9-22 and SCC-9 cell migration respectively through MMP1/3 downregulation and stimulation of inactive MMPs complex formation. Finally, Ca9-22 behaviour appears to be mainly modulated by the P38/STAT5/NFkB pathways. In summary, we can disclose that eugenol is cancer selective and that its mediated anti-cancer mechanisms vary according to the cell line with gingival squamous cell carcinoma being more sensitive to this phytotherapy agent.
Topics: Humans; Eugenol; Gingival Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
PubMed: 38740853
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60754-8 -
PloS One 2024
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lignans; beta Catenin; Lung Neoplasms; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Movement; Dinoprostone; Signal Transduction; Cell Line, Tumor; Allyl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38739616
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303600 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Isoeugenol (IEG), a natural component of clove oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of IEG on adipogenesis...
Isoeugenol (IEG), a natural component of clove oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of IEG on adipogenesis have not yet been elucidated. Here, we showed that IEG blocks adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells at an early stage. IEG inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and reduces the expression of mature adipocyte-related factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4. IEG treatment at different stages of adipogenesis showed that IEG inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the early stage, as confirmed by lipid accumulation and adipocyte-related biomarkers. The early stage stimulates growth-arrested preadipocytes to enter mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and initiates their differentiation into adipocytes by regulating cell cycle-related factors. IEG arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the G/G phase of the cell cycle and attenuated cell cycle-related factors including cyclinD1, CDK6, CDK2, and cyclinB1 during the MCE stage. Furthermore, IEG suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during MCE and inhibits ROS-related antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) and catalase. The expression of cell proliferation-related biomarkers, including pAKT and pERK1/2, was attenuated by the IEG treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These findings suggest that it is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Animals; Adipogenesis; 3T3-L1 Cells; Mice; Adipocytes; Mitosis; Eugenol; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cell Differentiation; PPAR gamma; Cell Proliferation; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Lipid Metabolism; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38732509
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091262 -
Heliyon May 2024Garlic ( L.) is not only appreciated for its flavour and taste, but it is also recognized for various health properties. The European Commission, through the attribution...
Gas chromatography-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry prior solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: development and optimization of analytical methods to analyse garlic ( L.) volatile fraction.
Garlic ( L.) is not only appreciated for its flavour and taste, but it is also recognized for various health properties. The European Commission, through the attribution of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) certification mark, has officially recognized some specific varieties of garlic. To protect not only the commercial value but also the reputation of this appreciated product, effective tools are therefore required. For the first time, a new compound specific isotope analysis method based on carbon stable isotopic ratio measurement of the three major volatile garlic compounds allyl alcohol (AA), diallyl disulphide (DD) and diallyl trisulphide (DT) through head-space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) was developed. A within-day standard deviation (Sr) of 0.3 ‰, 0.4 ‰ and 0.2 ‰ for (C) and a between-day standard deviation (Sr) of 0.8 ‰, 1.0 ‰ and 0.6 ‰ of AA, DT and DD was estimated. For the first time, the ranges of isotopic variability for the three volatile compounds of red garlic from two neighbouring Italian regions (Abruzzo and Lazio) were defined analysing 30 samples. The same dataset was also considered in analysing the percentage composition of the previously mentioned three volatile compounds through HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The two analytical approaches were combined in this explorative study, aiming to provide potential parameters to discriminate garlic samples based on their geographical origin.
PubMed: 38726102
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30248 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Umbelliferous (Apiaceae) vegetables are widely consumed worldwide for their nutritive and health benefits. The main goal of the current study is to explore the...
Umbelliferous (Apiaceae) vegetables are widely consumed worldwide for their nutritive and health benefits. The main goal of the current study is to explore the compositional heterogeneity in four dried umbelliferous vegetables viz, celery, coriander, dill, and parsley targeting their volatile profile using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 133 volatile metabolites were detected belonging to 12 classes. Aromatic hydrocarbons were detected as the major components of the analyzed vegetables accounting ca. 64.0, 62.4, 59.5, and 47.8% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected at ca. 6.39, 8.21, 6.16, and 6.79% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of various health benefits were detected in parsley and represented by roughanic acid and α-linolenic acid at 4.99 and 0.47%, respectively. Myristicin and frambinone were detected only in parsley at 0.45 and 0.56%. Investigation of antibacterial activity of umbelliferous vegetables n-hexane extract revealed a moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with higher activity for celery and dill against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone 20.3 mm compared to 24.3 mm of the standard antibacterial drug.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vegetables; Phytochemicals; Hexanes; Apiaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Allylbenzene Derivatives; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Plant Extracts; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Staphylococcus aureus; Dioxolanes
PubMed: 38719900
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60631-4 -
Poultry Science Jul 2024Honokiol is a multifunctional polyphenol present in Magnolia officinalis. The effects of honokiol as a supplement in broiler chicken diets, and the underlying...
Honokiol is a multifunctional polyphenol present in Magnolia officinalis. The effects of honokiol as a supplement in broiler chicken diets, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of honokiol on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In total, 240 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, with 6 replicate pens and 8 birds per pen. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (blank control, BC), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg honokiol (H100, H200, and H400), or 200 mg/kg bacitracin zinc (PC) for 42 d. The results showed that H200 and H400 increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period (P < 0.05). H100 and H200 increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the serum and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) amount in the jejunum on d 42 (P < 0.05). Moreover, H100 increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in both the jejunum and ileum on d 21 (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed that honokiol upregulated intestinal expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and downregulated intestinal expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on d 42 (P < 0.05). The Shannon index, which represents the microbial alpha diversity, was reduced for the PC, H200, and H400 groups. Notably, honokiol treatment altered the cecal microbial community structure and promoted the enrichment of several bacteria, including Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Higher production of short-chain fatty acids was observed in the cecal digesta of H100 birds, accompanied by an enriched glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, according to the functional prediction of the cecal microbiota. This study provides evidence that honokiol improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broiler chickens, possibly by manipulating the composition and function of the microbial community.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Lignans; Animal Feed; Biphenyl Compounds; Antioxidants; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cecum; Random Allocation; Male; Intestines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Allyl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38703759
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103798 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Heat stress (HS) is a main abiotic stress factor for the health and welfare of animals. Recently, the use of nano-emulsion essential oils exhibited a promising approach...
The effect of dietary eugenol nano-emulsion supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, redox homeostasis, immunity, and pro-inflammatory responses of growing rabbits under heat stress.
BACKGROUND
Heat stress (HS) is a main abiotic stress factor for the health and welfare of animals. Recently, the use of nano-emulsion essential oils exhibited a promising approach to mitigate the detrimental impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses, ultimately contributing to the global aim of sustainable livestock production.
AIM
The current study was piloted to assess the impact of eugenol nano-emulsion (EUGN) supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, redox homeostasis, immune response, and pro-inflammatory reactions in growing rabbits exposed to HS.
METHODS
A total of 100 male weaning rabbits aged 35 days were divided into 4 treatments. Rabbits were fed the diet with EUGN at different concentrations: 0 (control group; EUGN0), 50 (EUGN50), 100 (EUGN100), and 150 (EUGN150) mg/kg diet for 8 weeks under summer conditions.
RESULTS
Dietary EUGN levels significantly improved ( < 0.05) the body weight, body weight gain, carcass weights, and improved feed conversion ratio of rabbits. EUGN supplementation significantly increased Hb, platelets, and red blood cells , while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and eosinophils were significantly decreased compared to the control one. Compared with EUGN0 stressed rabbits, all EUGN-experimental groups had a reduction in levels of total glycerides ( < 0.01), uric acid, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( < 0.01). Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase were significantly improved by EUGN treatment when compared to the control one ( < 0.01), while the EUGN100 exhibited the greatest levels of catalase. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) was significantly decreased in EUGN-treated groups. All pro-inflammatory cytokines serum interleukin 4, Interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were considerably decreased after dietary EUGN supplementation ( < 0.05). The serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were significantly improved in rabbits of the EUGN150 group.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that EUGN can be used as a novel feed additive to enhance the growth performance, immune variables, and antioxidants, and reduce the inflammatory response of growing rabbits exposed to thermal stress.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Eugenol; Male; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Homeostasis; Diet; Oxidation-Reduction; Emulsions; Inflammation; Heat-Shock Response
PubMed: 38682150
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.10 -
Chemosphere Jun 20241,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) are hazardous chemicals frequently detected in groundwater near agricultural zones due to their...
1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) are hazardous chemicals frequently detected in groundwater near agricultural zones due to their historical use in chlorinated fumigant formulations. In this study, we show that the organohalide-respiring bacterium Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens strain BRE15 M can grow during the dihaloelimination of 1,2-DCP and 1,2,3-TCP to propene and allyl chloride, respectively. Our work also provides the first application of dual isotope approach to investigate the anaerobic reductive dechlorination of 1,2-DCP and 1,2,3-TCP. Stable carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation values for 1,2-DCP (Ɛ = -13.6 ± 1.4 ‰ and Ɛ = -27.4 ± 5.2 ‰) and 1,2,3-TCP (Ɛ = -3.8 ± 0.6 ‰ and Ɛ = -0.8 ± 0.5 ‰) were obtained resulting in distinct dual isotope slopes (Λ = 0.5 ± 0.1, Λ = 4 ± 2). However direct comparison of Λ among different substrates is not possible and investigation of the C and Cl apparent kinetic isotope effects lead to the hypothesis that concerted dichloroelimination mechanism is more likely for both compounds. In fact, whole cell activity assays using cells suspensions of the Dehalogenimonas-containing culture grown with 1,2-DCP and methyl viologen as electron donor suggest that the same set of reductive dehalogenases was involved in the transformation of 1,2-DCP and 1,2,3-TCP. This study opens the door to the application of isotope techniques for evaluating biodegradation of 1,2-DCP and 1,2,3-TCP, which often co-occur in groundwaters near agricultural fields.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Propane; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Groundwater; Chlorine; Carbon Isotopes; Halogenation; Chloroflexi; Chemical Fractionation; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
PubMed: 38679177
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142170 -
Heliyon Apr 2024This exploratory study aims to identify the volatile compounds in PC-Eo ( L. essential oil) and evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties . Molecular...
This exploratory study aims to identify the volatile compounds in PC-Eo ( L. essential oil) and evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties . Molecular docking, drug-likeness prediction, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity-ADMET) were among the simulations that were used to explain the biological properties observed . For PC-Eo's chemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed. The antioxidant activity of PC-Eo was evaluated using five complementary techniques, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), reducing power (RP), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). GC-MS analysis revealed that the primary components of PC-Eo are apiol (49.05 %), Myristicin (21.01 %), and 1-allyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (13.14 %). The results of the antioxidant assays indicate that PC-Eo exhibits a superior antioxidant profile. The antimicrobial activity of PC-Eo was assessed against five strains, including 2 g-positive bacteria, 2 g-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain (). The disc-diffusion assay revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains, with zones of inhibition exceeding 15 mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 % v/v for MIC and 0.5-1.0 % v/v for MBC. For the fungal strain, MIC was recorded at 1.25 % and MFC at 2.5 % v/v. PC-Eo demonstrates bactericidal and fungicidal activity based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios. According to the ADMET study, the primary PC-Eo compounds have advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics. These findings provide empirical support for the traditional uses of this plant and indicate its possible use as a natural remedy.
PubMed: 38660278
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29520