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Cureus Apr 2024In edentulous arches, alveolar ridge atrophy after tooth extraction is a common problem that affects patient comfort and quality of life. Implant-supported fixed...
In edentulous arches, alveolar ridge atrophy after tooth extraction is a common problem that affects patient comfort and quality of life. Implant-supported fixed restorations are a well-proven treatment option for edentulism. The concepts of implant dentistry have developed over time to produce better aesthetics and functional results. To reduce cantilever length and enable prostheses with 12 teeth, the all-on-four technique entails inserting two anterior implants axially and distally orienting two posterior implants. Compared to conventional loading, immediate loading offers various benefits without compromising quality. An instantaneous fixed provisional allows patients immediate function and preserves their quality of life while also promoting a high degree of patient satisfaction in terms of aesthetics, phonetics, mastication, and psychological comfort.
PubMed: 38800271
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58919 -
Cureus Apr 2024The Abrams' palatal roll technique has undergone significant changes over time and is routinely utilized to widen peri-implant soft tissues in the maxillary aesthetic...
The Abrams' palatal roll technique has undergone significant changes over time and is routinely utilized to widen peri-implant soft tissues in the maxillary aesthetic zone. The described technique involves the use of a de-epithelized pedicled connective tissue flap from the palate and rolling it under the labial oral mucosa to increase the soft tissue bulk. It is an easy and efficient technique that improves gingival thickness and contour in the aesthetic region and is a great substitute for areas lacking gingival soft tissue. Furthermore, this technique eliminates the need for a second surgical site to harvest the connective tissue graft for soft tissue augmentation. This study reports a clinical case where the modified roll technique was used for horizontal ridge augmentation.
PubMed: 38800151
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58890 -
Progress in Orthodontics May 2024Skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB) represents one of the most complex and challenging malocclusions in orthodontics. Orthodontic treatment supported by miniplates enable...
BACKGROUND
Skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB) represents one of the most complex and challenging malocclusions in orthodontics. Orthodontic treatment supported by miniplates enable to reduce the need for orthognathic surgery. Transverse dimension may be affected by intrusion biomechanics. This study aims to assess transverse bone alterations in patients with SAOB who underwent orthodontic treatment with absolute anchorage using four miniplates.
METHODS
A total of 32 patients of both sexes, with an average age of 33.8 years, diagnosed with SAOB and treated orthodontically with four miniplates (one in each hemiarch), were selected for this study. Tomographic examinations were performed before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment. Linear measurements (width of the maxillary base, maxillary alveolar, maxillary root, maxillary dental cusp, mandibular alveolar) and angular measurements (maxillary intermolar angle) were assessed in these images. The Shapiro-Wilks normality tests were applied to verify data distribution, and the paired t-test was used to compare the initial and final measures obtained.
RESULTS
Among the evaluated parameters, the maxillary alveolar width, maxillary dental cusp width, mandibular alveolar cusp width, and intermolar angle showed statistically significant differences between T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). However, maxillary base and maxillary root widths showed no significant difference (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Intrusion and distalization with miniplates in SAOB therapy may lead to significant expansive changes, due to molars cusps width and buccal inclination increase restricted at the alveolar level.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Male; Female; Open Bite; Adult; Bone Plates; Mandible; Maxilla; Cephalometry; Alveolar Process; Tooth Movement Techniques; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult; Orthodontic Appliance Design
PubMed: 38797777
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00519-1 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2024Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease for which therapeutic options are limited, with an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets.... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease for which therapeutic options are limited, with an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets. IPF is thought to be the consequence of repeated microlesions of the alveolar epithelium, leading to aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal communication and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. The reactivation of developmental pathways, such as Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), is a well-described mechanism during lung fibrogenesis. Secreted FGFs with local paracrine effects can either exert an anti-fibrotic or a pro-fibrotic action during this pathological process through their FGF receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate residues as co-receptors. Among FGFs, endocrine FGFs (FGF29, FGF21, and FGF23) play a central role in the control of metabolism and tissue homeostasis. They are characterized by a low affinity for heparan sulfate, present in the cell vicinity, allowing them to have endocrine activity. Nevertheless, their interaction with FGFRs requires the presence of mandatory co-receptors, alpha and beta Klotho proteins (KLA and KLB). Endocrine FGFs are of growing interest for their anti-fibrotic action during liver, kidney, or myocardial fibrosis. Innovative therapies based on FGF19 or FGF21 analogs are currently being studied in humans during liver fibrosis. Recent data report a similar anti-fibrotic action of endocrine FGFs in the lung, suggesting a systemic regulation of the pulmonary fibrotic process. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the protective effect of endocrine FGFs during the fibrotic processes, with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Humans; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Animals; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor
PubMed: 38795981
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108669 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2024Assess the correlation between the position of the third molar (M3) and fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle using panoramic radiographs to offer valuable data...
BACKGROUND
Assess the correlation between the position of the third molar (M3) and fractures of the mandibular angle and condyle using panoramic radiographs to offer valuable data references for oral clinical research.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken, involving the collection of 409 cases of mandibular fracture in the Yanbian University Hospital. The case records and panoramic radiographs of mandibular angle fracture (78 cases) and condylar fracture (106 cases) were evaluated.
RESULTS
In the comparative analysis between the mandibular angle fracture group and the condylar fracture group, statistical significance was observed in the variables of M3 existence (P = 0.002), eruption of M3 from the alveolar cavity (P = 0.003), P&G position classification (P = 0.001), deep impactions (Classes IC, IIC, IIIB, and IIIC) (P < 0.001), and the presence of impacted M3 in both groups (P < 0.001).Regarding M3 roots, the mandibular angle fracture group exhibited the highest prevalence of multiple roots at 75.4%, surpassing the 64.6% observed in the condylar fracture group. The prevalence of proximal angles in the mandibular angle group and the condyle group was the highest, accounting for 64.6% and 61.5%, respectively. The percentage of M3 in the two groups was 80% and 43.1%, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Impacted mandibular third molars (M3) elevate the risk of mandibular angle fractures, while their absence or normal eruption reduces this risk and protects against condylar process fractures. The fracture risk is influenced by the M3's position: P&G Class II and Class B impactions, where M3s emerge partially from the alveolar bone, are significantly associated with mandibular angle fractures. In contrast, the absence of M3 or its placement in P&G Class I and Class A positions tends to correlate with a higher incidence of condylar process fractures.
PubMed: 38794934
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26604 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease characterised by diffuse nonspecific alveolar inflammation with interstitial fibrosis, which clinically manifests as dyspnoea and a...
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease characterised by diffuse nonspecific alveolar inflammation with interstitial fibrosis, which clinically manifests as dyspnoea and a significant decline in lung function. Many studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Based on our previous findings, hypericin (Hyp) can effectively inhibit the process of the EMT to attenuate lung fibrosis. Therefore, a series of hyperoside derivatives were synthesised via modifying the structure of hyperoside, and subsequently evaluated for A549 cytotoxicity. Among these, the pre-screening of eight derivatives inhibits the EMT. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Z6, the most promising hyperoside derivative, in reversing TGF-β1-induced EMTs and inhibiting the EMT-associated migration of A549 cells. After the treatment of A549 cells with Z6 for 48 h, RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that Z6 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMTs in epithelial cells by supressing morphological changes in A549 cells, up-regulating E-cadherin ( < 0.01, < 0.001), and down-regulating Vimentin ( < 0.01, < 0.001). This treatment significantly reduced the mobility of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated cells ( < 0.001) as assessed by wound closure, while increasing the adhesion rate of A549 cells ( < 0.001). In conclusion, our results suggest that hyperoside derivatives, especially compound Z6, are promising as potential lead compounds for treating pulmonary fibrosis, and therefore deserve further investigation.
PubMed: 38794154
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050584 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024This report describes the use of Self Inflating Tissue Expanders (SITEs) to rehabilitate severely atrophic edentulous mandibular ridges, enabling successful bone...
This report describes the use of Self Inflating Tissue Expanders (SITEs) to rehabilitate severely atrophic edentulous mandibular ridges, enabling successful bone grafting and implant placement. The treatment resulted in stable and complication-free implants over a seven-year follow-up, demonstrating SITEs' effectiveness in providing sufficient bone volume and soft tissue coverage for dental implants.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Jaw, Edentulous; Tissue Expansion Devices; Atrophy; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Dental Implants; Dental Implantation, Endosseous
PubMed: 38792943
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050759 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024: The upper posterior teeth are typically regarded as being exclusively inferior to the maxillary sinus (MS). The expansion of the nasal fossa above the maxillary...
: The upper posterior teeth are typically regarded as being exclusively inferior to the maxillary sinus (MS). The expansion of the nasal fossa above the maxillary alveolar base (MAB) needs better investigation. The hypothesis was raised that the MAB in the upper premolar region, which is usually addressed by surgeons for the elevation of the antral floor, is not exclusively beneath the MS. Therefore, we aimed to document the possible upper relations of the MAB as antral, nasal, or both. : A total of 145 CBCT scans were used to study four types of MAB: type 1-antral; type 2-antral with a palatal recess; type 3-antral and nasal; type 4-nasal. In type 2, the orthoradial width of the alveolar bone, the rectilinear width of the antral floor, and the maximum depth of the palatal recess were measured. For type 3, the MAB width and the straight widths of the antral and nasal segments of the MAB were measured. : Type 1 was found in 67.24%, type 2 in 13.45%, type 3 in 16.21%, and type 4 in 3.1% of the 290 MSs investigated. Palatal recesses were found in 11.72% of the MSs on the right side and 15.17% of the MSs on the left side. Types 1 and 2 exhibited strongly statistically significant bilateral symmetry (Pearson's Chi2 = 86.42, < 0.001). Type 3 correlated equally with contralateral types 1 and 3. The bilateral symmetry for types 1-3 was stronger in the males (Pearson's Chi2 = 47.83, < 0.001) than in the females (Pearson's Chi2 = 56.96, < 0.001). There were no statistically significant associations between sex and the unilateral anatomical type. : The MAB in the upper second premolar area should not be considered to be exclusively antral during surgeries or in anatomical teaching.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Bicuspid; Middle Aged; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Alveolar Process; Adult; Maxillary Sinus; Aged; Maxilla
PubMed: 38792909
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050726 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Orthodontic space closure following tooth extraction is often hindered by alveolar bone deficiency. This study investigates the therapeutic use of nuclear factor-kappa B...
Orthodontic space closure following tooth extraction is often hindered by alveolar bone deficiency. This study investigates the therapeutic use of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanospheres (PLGA-NfDs) to mitigate alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) following the bilateral extraction of maxillary first molars in a controlled experiment involving forty rats of OTM model with ethics approved. The decreased tendency of the OTM distance and inclination angle with increased bone volume and improved trabecular bone structure indicated minimized alveolar bone destruction. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated the suppression of inflammation and bone resorption by downregulating the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cathepsin K, NF-κB p65, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand while provoking periodontal regeneration by upregulating the expression of alkaline phosphatase, transforming growth factor-β1, osteopontin, and fibroblast growth factor-2. Importantly, relative gene expression over the maxillary second molar compression side in proximity to the alveolus highlighted the pharmacological effect of intra-socket PLGA-NfD administration, as evidenced by elevated osteocalcin expression, indicative of enhanced osteocytogenesis. These findings emphasize that locally administered PLGA-NfD serves as an effective inflammatory suppressor and yields periodontal regenerative responses following tooth extraction.
Topics: Animals; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Rats; Nanospheres; Tooth Movement Techniques; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Tooth Socket; Male; NF-kappa B; Wound Healing; Alveolar Bone Loss; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 38791262
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105223 -
Cell Death Discovery May 2024Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death which can exacerbate lung injury in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages, crucial...
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death which can exacerbate lung injury in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages, crucial innate immune cells, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Ferritinophagy is a process of ferritin degradation mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) which releases large amounts of iron ions thus promoting ferroptosis. Recent evidence revealed that inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis can effectively attenuate pulmonary inflammatory injury. Melatonin (MT), an endogenous neurohormone, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce septic ARDS. However, it is not clear whether MT's pulmonary protective effect is related to the inhibition of macrophage ferritinophagy. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that MT decreased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe, and lipid peroxidation levels, increased glutathione (GSH) levels and cell proliferation, and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) protein levels in LPS-treated macrophages. Mechanistically, the antiferroptotic effect of MT on LPS-treated macrophages was significantly compromised by the overexpression of NCOA4. Our in vivo experiments revealed that MT alleviated the protein expression of NCOA4 and FTH1 in the alveolar macrophages of septic mice. Furthermore, MT improved lipid peroxidation and mitigated damage in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue, ultimately increasing the survival rates of septic mice. These findings indicate that MT can inhibit ferroptosis in an NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy manner, thereby ameliorating septic ARDS.
PubMed: 38789436
DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01991-8