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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The survival and prognosis of patients are significantly threatened by cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is a highly aggressive disease. It is therefore crucial to...
BACKGROUND
The survival and prognosis of patients are significantly threatened by cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is a highly aggressive disease. It is therefore crucial to determine the most recent survival rate of CM. This study used population-based cancer registry data to examine the 5-year relative survival rate of CM in the US.
METHODS
Period analysis was used to assess the relative survival rate and trends of patients with CM in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004-2018. And based on the data stratified by age, gender, race and subtype in the SEER database, a generalized linear model was 12established to predict the 5-year relative survival rate of CM patients from 2019 to 2023.
RESULTS
The 5-year relative survival increased to various degrees for both total CM and CM subtypes during the observation period. The improvement was greatest for amelanotic melanoma, increasing from 69.0% to 81.5%. The 5-year overall relative survival rates of CM were 92.9%, 93.5%, and 95.6% for 2004-2008, 2009-2013, and 2014-2018, respectively. Females had a marginally higher survival rate than males for almost all subtypes, older people had lower survival rates than younger people, white patients had higher survival rates than nonwhite ones, and urban locations had higher rates of survival from CM than rural locations did. The survival rate of CM was significantly lower for distant metastasis.
CONCLUSION
The survival rate of patients with CM gradually improved overall during 2004-2018. With the predicted survival rate of 96.7% for 2019-2023, this trend will still be present. Assessing the changes experienced by patients with CM over the previous 15 years can help in predicting the future course of CM. It also provides a scientific foundation that associated departments can use to develop efficient tumor prevention and control strategies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; SEER Program; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 38125787
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1238086 -
Cureus Nov 2023Amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma is a rare variant of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The diagnosis of amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma is rarely...
Amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma is a rare variant of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The diagnosis of amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma is rarely made based on cytological examinations. Most of the cases reported in the routine practice involve metastatic lesions of known cutaneous amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma. The diagnosis of amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is scarce. We present one such extremely rare diagnosis of amelanotic primary signet ring cell melanoma at the unusual site of the axilla, which was established on FNAC. We also discuss its histological differential diagnosis and confirmative immunohistochemistry (IHC).
PubMed: 38094552
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48714 -
Indian Journal of Urology : IJU :... 2023A rare disease at an aberrant location can mimic a usual presentation of another disease. We report a case of primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the prostate with...
A rare disease at an aberrant location can mimic a usual presentation of another disease. We report a case of primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the prostate with clinical and histological characteristics that closely mimic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma prostate.
PubMed: 38077197
DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_178_23 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Melanoma, Amelanotic; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38061963
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.09.017 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2024Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) correlations between morphologic groups of melanoma have not yet been described.
BACKGROUND
Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) correlations between morphologic groups of melanoma have not yet been described.
OBJECTIVE
Describe and compare dermoscopic and RCM features of cutaneous melanomas with histopathological confirmation.
METHODS
Single center, retrospective analysis of consecutive melanomas evaluated with RCM (2015-2019). Lesions were clinically classified as typical, nevus-like, amelanotic/nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)-like, seborrheic keratosis (SK)-like and lentigo/lentigo maligna (LM)-like. Presence or absence of common facial and nonfacial melanoma dermoscopic and RCM patterns were recorded. Clusters were compared with typical lesions by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Among 583 melanoma lesions, significant differences between clusters were evident (compared to typical lesions). Observation of dermoscopic features (>50% of lesions) in amelanotic/NMSC-like lesions consistently displayed 3 patterns (atypical network, atypical vascular pattern + regression structures), and nevus-like and SK-like lesions and lentigo/LM-like lesions consistently displayed 2 patterns (atypical network + regression structures, and nonevident follicles + heavy pigmentation intensity). Differences were less evident with RCM, as almost all lesions were consistent with melanoma diagnosis.
LIMITATIONS
Small SK-like lesions sample, single RCM analyses (no reproduction of outcome).
CONCLUSION
RCM has the potential to augment our ability to consistently and accurately diagnose melanoma independently of clinical and dermoscopic features.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Dermoscopy; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle; Keratosis, Seborrheic; Nevus; Nevus, Pigmented; Lentigo; Microscopy, Confocal; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37988042
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.084 -
Biochimie Jan 2024Cancer is a huge public health problem being one of the main causes of death globally. Specifically, melanoma is one of the most threatening cancer types due to the...
Cancer is a huge public health problem being one of the main causes of death globally. Specifically, melanoma is one of the most threatening cancer types due to the metastatic capacity, treatment resistance and mortality rates. It is evident the urgent need for research on new agents with pharmacological potential for cancer treatment, in order to develop new cancer therapeutic strategies and overcome drug resistance. The present work investigated the anti-tumoral potential of Chartergellus-CP1 peptide, isolated from Chartergellus communis wasp venom on human melanoma cell lines with different pigmentation degrees, namely the amelanotic cell line A375 and pigmented cell line MNT-1. Chartergellus-CP1 induced selective cytotoxicity to melanoma cell lines when compared to the lower induced cytotoxicity towards to nontumorigenic keratinocytes. Chartergellus-CP1 peptide induced apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines, cell cycle impairment in amelanotic A375 cells and intracellular ROS increase in pigmented MNT-1 cells. The amelanotic A375 cell line showed higher sensitivity to the peptide than the pigmented cell line MNT-1. From our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the cytotoxic effects of Chartergellus-CP1 on melanoma cells.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Wasp Venoms; Cell Line, Tumor; Antineoplastic Agents; Peptides; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37879427
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.015 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Melatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL), its kynurenic (-acetyl--formyl-5-methoxykynurenine, AFMK) and indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin, 6(OH)MEL and...
Melatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL), its kynurenic (-acetyl--formyl-5-methoxykynurenine, AFMK) and indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin, 6(OH)MEL and 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-MT) are endogenously produced in human epidermis. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, brain and peripheral organs, displays a diversity of physiological functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor capacities. Herein, we assessed their regulatory effect on melanogenesis using amelanotic (A375, Sk-Mel-28) and highly pigmented (MNT-1, melanotic) human melanoma cell lines. We discovered that subjected compounds decrease the downstream pathway of melanin synthesis by causing a significant drop of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and resultant collapse of tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and melanin content comparatively to -phenylthiourea (PTU, a positive control). We observed a reduction in pigment in melanosomes visualized by the transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we assessed the role of G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane-domain receptors. Obtained results revealed that nonselective MT1 and MT2 receptor antagonist (luzindole) or selective MT2 receptor antagonist (4-P-PDOT) did not affect dysregulation of the melanin pathway indicating a receptor-independent mechanism. Our findings, together with the current state of the art, provide a convenient experimental model to study the complex relationship between metabolites of melatonin and the control of pigmentation serving as a future and rationale strategy for targeted therapies of melanoma-affected patients.
Topics: Humans; Melatonin; Melanins; 5-Methoxytryptamine; Receptor, Melatonin, MT2; Melanoma; Monophenol Monooxygenase
PubMed: 37834395
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914947 -
Skin Appendage Disorders Aug 2023Localized longitudinal erythronychia is defined as a single nail with a longitudinal red band extending the length of a nail plate. It has a broad differential of benign...
INTRODUCTION
Localized longitudinal erythronychia is defined as a single nail with a longitudinal red band extending the length of a nail plate. It has a broad differential of benign and malignant etiologies, and is rarely due to benign vascular proliferations.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a unique case of nail unit arteriovenous hemangioma presenting as longitudinal erythronychia of the left thumbnail in a 76-year-old male. The band was 6 mm and encompassed over 40% of the surface area of the nail plate. Dermoscopy showed red bands that were regular in terms of color, but not thickness or spacing. Due to concern for an amelanotic melanoma, a longitudinal excision was performed. Histopathology was consistent with a diagnosis of nail unit arteriovenous hemangioma.
CONCLUSION
Arteriovenous hemangiomas were rarely present in the nail unit. They can be present as a blue or red nodule/macule, or as longitudinal erythronychia. Diagnosis often requires an excisional biopsy, with histopathology notable for a proliferation of multiple thick- and thin-walled vascular structures lined by a flattened endothelium. Our case emphasizes the need to consider vascular proliferations, such as arteriovenous hemangioma, in the differential diagnosis of longitudinal erythronychia.
PubMed: 37588479
DOI: 10.1159/000530739 -
Cureus Jul 2023Amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) is a skin cancer that arises from mutated melanocytes that lack pigmentation. AMM represents 2-8% of all malignant melanomas. This...
Amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) is a skin cancer that arises from mutated melanocytes that lack pigmentation. AMM represents 2-8% of all malignant melanomas. This rare subtype is difficult to diagnose clinically as it mimics other benign skin lesions. AMM can occur in any part of the body with various presentations and has a predilection for male gender and fair skin tones. We present a case report of a 62-year-old Caucasian male with AMM of the right lower extremity. The patient presented with a painless nodule on his right lower extremity that rapidly increased in size for seven months with no signs of malignancy, such as fever, night sweats, fatigue, bruising, weight loss, or headache. Simultaneously, the patient presented with right inguinal lymphadenopathy and pitting edema of the right lower extremity. The patient had a previous medical history of basal and squamous cell carcinoma and psoriasis with no personal or family history of melanoma. The mass was excised and sent to a pathologist along with a right inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy. The final pathology report revealed an ulcerated AMM on the right lower extremity and a positive node for melanoma with a metastatic deposit. The patient underwent adjuvant immunotherapy resulting in the clearance of the cancer cells. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate surgical management, and adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis of this rare melanoma subtype.
PubMed: 37575793
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41665 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2023Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is...
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Lysosomes; rab GTP-Binding Proteins; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 37562257
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924