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Journal of Xenobiotics Feb 2024Heme enzyme dysfunction causes a group of diseases called porphyrias. Particularly, a decrease in porphobilinogen deaminase, involved in the third step of heme...
Heme enzyme dysfunction causes a group of diseases called porphyrias. Particularly, a decrease in porphobilinogen deaminase, involved in the third step of heme biosynthesis, leads to acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Considering our previous works demonstrating the multiplicity of brain metabolisms affected by porphyrinogenic agents, this study aimed to elucidate whether they cause any alteration on the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The activities of respiratory chain complexes (I to IV) were measured in encephalon mitochondria of male mice receiving volatile anesthetics: isoflurane (2 mL/kg) and sevoflurane (1.5 mL/kg), ethanol (30%), allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) (350 mg/kg), and barbital (167 mg/kg). Moreover, they were compared versus animals with pathological levels of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 40 mg/kg). Complex I-III activity was induced by isoflurane and decreased by AIA, ethanol, and ALA. Complex II-III activity was increased by sevoflurane and decreased by isoflurane and AIA. Complex II activity was increased by sevoflurane and barbital and decreased by AIA, ethanol, and ALA. Complex IV activity was increased by barbital and ALA and decreased by sevoflurane. The damage to the respiratory chain by ALA could be reflecting the pathophysiological condition of patients with AIP. Better understanding the broad effect of porphyrinogenic drugs and the mechanisms acting on the onset of AIP is vital in translational medicine.
PubMed: 38535494
DOI: 10.3390/jox14010019 -
Metabolites Feb 2024A large number of dead seedlings can occur in saline soils, which seriously affects the large-scale cultivation of rice. This study investigated the effects of plant...
A large number of dead seedlings can occur in saline soils, which seriously affects the large-scale cultivation of rice. This study investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nitrogen application on seedling growth and salt tolerance ( L.), which is of great significance for agricultural production practices. A conventional rice variety, "Huang Huazhan", was selected for this study. Non-salt stress treatments included 0% NaCl (CK treatment), CK + 0.05 g N/pot (N treatment), CK + 40 mg·L 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (A treatment), and CK + 30 mg·L diethylaminoethyl acetate (DTA-6) (D treatment). Salt stress treatments included 0.3% NaCl (S treatment), N + 0.3% NaCl (NS treatment), A + 0.3% NaCl (AS treatment), and D + 0.3% NaCl (DS treatment). When 3 leaves and 1 heart emerged from the soil, plants were sprayed with DTA-6 and 5-ALA, followed by the application of 0.3% NaCl (/) to the soil after 24 h. Seedling morphology and photosynthetic indices, as well as carbohydrate metabolism and key enzyme activities, were determined for each treatment. Our results showed that N, A, and D treatments promoted seedling growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate levels, and the activities of key enzymes involved in carbon metabolism when compared to the CK treatment. The A treatment had the most significant effect, with increases in aboveground dry weight and net photosynthetic rates (Pn) ranging from 17.74% to 41.02% and 3.61% to 32.60%, respectively. Stomatal limiting values (Ls) significantly decreased from 19.17% to 43.02%. Salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth. NS, AS, and DS treatments alleviated the morphological and physiological damage of salt stress on seedlings when compared to the S treatment. The AS treatment was the most effective in improving seedling morphology, promoting photosynthesis, increasing carbohydrate levels, and key enzyme activities. After AS treatment, increases in aboveground dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar content, total sucrose synthase, and amylase activities were 17.50% to 50.79%, 11.39% to 98.10%, 20.20% to 80.85%, 21.21% to 33.53%, and 22.17% to 34.19%, respectively, when compared to the S treatment. In summary, foliar sprays of 5-ALA, DTA-6, and additional nitrogen fertilizer enhanced rice seedling growth, increased photosynthesis, lowered Ls values, and improved seedling salt tolerance. Spraying two regulators, 5-ALA and DTA-6, quantitatively increased the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, with comparable effects on NaCl stress regulation. This study provides the basis for efficient agricultural production.
PubMed: 38535302
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14030142 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Cutaneous and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC, HNSCC) are among the most prevalent cancers. Both types of cancer can be treated with photodynamic therapy...
Cutaneous and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC, HNSCC) are among the most prevalent cancers. Both types of cancer can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using the photosensitizer Temoporfin in HNSCC and the prodrug methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) in CSCC. However, PDT is not always effective. Therefore, it is mandatory to correctly approach the therapy according to the characteristics of the tumour cells. For this reason, we have used cell lines of CSCC (A431 and SCC13) and HNSCC (HN5 and SCC9). The results obtained indicated that the better response to MAL-PDT was related to its localization in the plasma membrane (A431 and HN5 cells). However, with Temoporfin all cell lines showed lysosome localization, even the most sensitive ones (HN5). The expression of mesenchymal markers and migratory capacity was greater in HNSCC lines compared to CSCC, but no correlation with PDT response was observed. The translocation to the nucleus of β-catenin and GSK3β and the activation of NF-κβ is related to the poor response to PDT in the HNSCC lines. Therefore, we propose that intracellular localization of GSK3β could be a good marker of response to PDT in HNSCC. Although the molecular mechanism of response to PDT needs further elucidation, this work shows that the most MAL-resistant line of CSCC is more sensitive to Temoporfin.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Skin Neoplasms; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Photochemotherapy; Mouth Neoplasms; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photosensitizing Agents; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Mesoporphyrins
PubMed: 38528037
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57624-8 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Apr 2024Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS) is a refractory and recrudescent chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the scalp, which seriously affects the...
Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS) is a refractory and recrudescent chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the scalp, which seriously affects the appearance and quality of life of patients. The treatment of PCAS is challenging, often leading to frustrating outcome. In this paper, we report a case of PCAS who received 20 % 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser pretreatment. The skin lesions of this case showed complete clearance after 2 month, and there was no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. To our knowledge, we presented the first successful regimen of ALA-PDT combined with CO2 laser therapy for PCAS.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Aminolevulinic Acid; Lasers, Gas; Photosensitizing Agents; Scalp Dermatoses; Male; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Female; Combined Modality Therapy; Cellulitis
PubMed: 38527661
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104064 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2024Surgical resection is considered for most brain tumors to obtain tissue diagnosis and to eradicate or debulk the tumor. Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain... (Review)
Review
Surgical resection is considered for most brain tumors to obtain tissue diagnosis and to eradicate or debulk the tumor. Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, generally has a poor prognosis despite the multidisciplinary treatments with radical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Surgical resection of glioma is often complicated by the obscure border between the tumor and the adjacent brain tissues and by the tumor's infiltration into the eloquent brain. 5-aminolevulinic acid is frequently used for tumor visualization, as it exhibits high fluorescence in high-grade glioma. Here, we provide an overview of the fluorescent probes currently used for brain tumors, as well as those under development for other cancers, including HMRG-based probes, 2MeSiR-based probes, and other aminopeptidase probes. We describe our recently developed HMRG-based probes in brain tumors, such as PR-HMRG, combined with the existing diagnosis approach. These probes are remarkably effective for cancer cell recognition. Thus, they can be potentially integrated into surgical treatment for intraoperative detection of cancers.
PubMed: 38516394
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1298709 -
World Neurosurgery May 2024Using a laboratory-based optical setup, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA) fluorescence is better detected using the endoscope than the microscope. Furthermore,...
OBJECTIVES
Using a laboratory-based optical setup, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA) fluorescence is better detected using the endoscope than the microscope. Furthermore, we present our case series of fully endoscopic 5ALA-guided resection of intraparenchymal tumors.
METHODS
A Zeiss Pentero microscope was compared with the Karl Storz Hopkins endoscope. The spectra and intensity of each blue light source were measured. Quantitative fluorescence detection thresholds were measured using a spectrometer. Subjective fluorescence detection thresholds were measured by 6 blinded neuro-oncology surgeons. Clinical data were prospectively collected for all consecutive cases of fully endoscopic 5ALA-guided resection of intraparenchymal tumors between 2012 and 2023.
RESULTS
The intensity of blue light on the sample was greater for the endoscope than the microscope at working distances less than 20 mm. The quantitative fluorescence detection thresholds were lower for the endoscope than the microscope at both 30-/10-mm working distances. Fluorescence detection threshold was 0.65%-0.80% relative 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyranthe concentration (3.20 × 10 to 3.94 × 10mol/dm) for the microscope, 0.40%-0.55% relative concentrations (1.97 × 10 to 2.71 × 10mol/dm) for the endoscope at 30 mm, and 0.15%-0.30% relative concentrations (7.40 × 10 to 1.48 × 10mol/dm) for the endoscope at 10 mm. In total, 49 5ALA endoscope-assisted brain tumor resections were carried out on 45 patients (mean age = 41 years, male = 28). Greater than 95% resection was achieved in 80% of cases and gross total resection in 42%. Gross total resection was achieved in 100% of tumors in noneloquent locations. There was 1 new neurologic deficit.
CONCLUSIONS
The endoscope provides enhanced visualization/detection of 5ALA-induced fluorescence compared with the microscope. 5ALA endoscopic-assisted resection of intraparenchymal tumors is safe and feasible.
Topics: Humans; Aminolevulinic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroendoscopy; Aged; Adult; Photosensitizing Agents; Fluorescence; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy; Neurosurgical Procedures
PubMed: 38514030
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.067 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Apr 2024Actinic keratoses (AK) are one of the most frequent reasons for consultations in dermatology. Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a new method that... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Assessing field cancerization and actinic keratosis using ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy after the application of 5-aminolevulinic acid - An observational study.
BACKGROUND
Actinic keratoses (AK) are one of the most frequent reasons for consultations in dermatology. Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy (UVFD) is a new method that allows the assessment of lesions in a spectrum of light that originates from the fluorochromes emitting UV-excited luminescence. The aim of this study was to assess the UVFD features of AKs before PDT and their intensity in field cancerization and single lesions.
METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted from June to November 2023. Lesions were assessed with the Olsen scale clinically and dermatoscopically (DermLite DL5, 10x magnification) and photographed. UVFD fluorescence was categorized as 'none', 'weak', 'moderate', and 'intense'. A 1-mm thick layer of 10 % 5-ALA gel was applied to single lesions or cancerization field (depending on the patient) and covered with an occlusive dressing for 3 h. Prior the application of 10 % 5-ALA gel, the lesions were degreased with an alcoholic solution. The occlusion was removed, and the field was cleaned with a 0,9 % saline solution. Afterward, each lesion was photographed in polarized light and UVFD mode.
RESULTS
A total of 194 dermatoscopic images were analyzed, 111 corresponded to field cancerization and 81 to single AKs. Overall, weak fluorescence was noticed in 22 of them (11,3 %), moderate in 107 (55,15 %), and intense in 65 (33,5 %). Amongst field cancerization (111 images), weak fluorescence was seen in 11 (9.9 %), moderate in 68 (61,26 %), and intense in 32 (28,82 %). In single lesions (81 images), weak fluorescence was detected in 11 (13,2 %), moderate in 39 (46,99 %), and intense in 33 (28.83 %) of the lesions. Slightly more intense fluorescence was noticed in higher Olsen grade (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
UVFD can enhance our efficacy of pre-procedural examination and might arise as a useful device to predict the therapeutic effect of PDT.
Topics: Humans; Aminolevulinic Acid; Keratosis, Actinic; Photosensitizing Agents; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Dermoscopy; Aged; Photochemotherapy; Middle Aged; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet Rays; Aged, 80 and over; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38513809
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104056 -
PeerJ 2024The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth...
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth and salt tolerance of rice ( L.) seedlings. This study was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Guangdong Ocean University, where 'Huanghuazhan' was selected as the test material, and 40 mg/L 5-ALA and 30 mg/L DTA-6 were applied as foliar sprays at the three-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, followed by treatment with 0.3% NaCl (W/W) 24 h later. A total of six treatments were set up as follows: (1) CK: control, (2) A: 40 mg⋅ L 5-ALA, (3) D: 30 mg⋅ L DTA-6, (4) S: 0.3% NaCl, (5) AS: 40 mg⋅ L 5-ALA + 0.3% NaCl, and (6) DS: 30 mg⋅ L DTA-6+0.3% NaCl. Samples were taken at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 d after NaCl treatment to determine the morphology and physiological and biochemical indices of rice roots. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted the antioxidant system; increased the rates of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion production; and affected the content of related hormones. Malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion production rate significantly increased from 12.57% to 21.82%, 18.12% to 63.10%, and 7.17% to 56.20%, respectively, in the S treatment group compared to the CK group. Under salt stress, foliar sprays of both 5-ALA and DTA-6 increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance content; expanded non-enzymatic antioxidant AsA and GSH content; reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; lowered malondialdehyde content; increased endogenous hormones GA3, JA, IAA, SA, and ZR content; and lowered ABA content in the rice root system. The MDA, HO, and O contents were reduced from 35.64% to 56.92%, 22.30% to 53.47%, and 7.06% to 20.01%, respectively, in the AS treatment group compared with the S treatment group. In the DS treatment group, the MDA, HO, and O contents were reduced from 24.60% to 51.09%, 12.14% to 59.05%, and 12.70% to 45.20%. In summary, NaCl stress exerted an inhibitory effect on the rice root system, both foliar sprays of 5-ALA and DTA-6 alleviated damage from NaCl stress on the rice root system, and the effect of 5-ALA was better than that of DTA-6.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Seedlings; Plant Growth Regulators; Oryza; Hydrogen Peroxide; Sodium Chloride; Superoxides; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Hormones; Malondialdehyde
PubMed: 38495756
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17068 -
Horticulture Research Mar 2024Cold stress severely affects the growth and quality of tomato. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can effectively improve tomato's cold stress tolerance. In this study, a...
Cold stress severely affects the growth and quality of tomato. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can effectively improve tomato's cold stress tolerance. In this study, a tomato gene, was identified Results showed that ALA strongly induced the expression of under cold stress-overexpressing lines showed increased resistance to cold stress through an enhanced ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. On the contrary, mutant lines were sensitive to cold stress, and ALA did not improve their cold stress tolerance. Thus, is a key gene in the process of ALA improving tomato cold tolerance. Through yeast library screening, SlMYB4 and SlMYB88 were preliminarily identified as transcription factors that bind to the promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift, yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays experiments verified that SlMYB4 and SlMYB88 can bind to the promoter. Further experiments showed that and are involved in the process of ALA-improving tomato's cold stress tolerance and they positively regulate the expression of . The findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which ALA improves cold stress tolerance. , as a valuable gene, could be added to the cold-responsive gene repository. Subsequently, it could be used in genetic engineering to enhance the cold tolerance of tomato.
PubMed: 38495031
DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae026 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Apr 2024Conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) and nonmelanoma skin cancer which exploits the photosensitizing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) and nonmelanoma skin cancer which exploits the photosensitizing properties of methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL). Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) is an alternative to c-PDT which does not require the application of MAL in occlusion and that is better tolerated by patients. The impact of occlusion on the efficacy of DL-PD has not been investigated by previous studies.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and tolerability of occlusive and non-occlusive DL-PDT.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective intraindividual left/right comparison study. AKs of the face or scalp were marked in two symmetrical treatment areas. The two target areas were randomly assigned to DL-PDT with occlusive and non-occlusive application of MAL. The efficacy and cosmetic outcome were determined by a "blinded" investigator.
RESULTS
Lesions in occluded areas showed a better response in the clearance rate of the lesions (65.5% vs 35.0 %, p < 0.001 %), and cosmetic outcome (P < 0.001). There was no difference in phototoxicity or pain between occluded and non-occluded areas.
CONCLUSION
The occlusive application of MAL improves the efficacy of DL-PDT in clearing AKs and does not increase the incidence of side effects.
Topics: Keratosis, Actinic; Humans; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Male; Aged; Female; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Treatment Outcome; Sunlight
PubMed: 38490345
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104049