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PloS One 2023Maternal folic acid supplementation is protective against the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. However, recent public-facing communications have...
BACKGROUND
Maternal folic acid supplementation is protective against the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. However, recent public-facing communications have raised concerns about a causal relationship between folic acid supplementation, particularly after the first trimester, and ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) in infants. Non-evidence-based communications are potentially harmful because they could adversely affect adherence to folic acid supplementation, increasing NTD occurrence. This study aimed to review evidence on the relationships between maternal folic acid supplementation during preconception and/or pregnancy and the risk of ankyloglossia in infants.
METHODS
We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus. We searched for observational, and interventional studies, and systematic reviews investigating the effect of maternal folic acid supplementation during preconception or pregnancy on the occurrence of ankyloglossia in offspring. The search was registered on PROSPERO on 01/12/2022, ID: CRD42022375862.
RESULTS
The database searches yielded 93 articles. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 26 remained. One article was judged relevant for inclusion in analyses; a case-control study that directly mentions the relationship between folic acid supplementation and ankyloglossia. This study reported that regular intake of folic acid supplements was higher in women with infants with ankyloglossia. However, this study has limitations regarding design, selection bias, and confounding, calling the findings into question.
CONCLUSIONS
Insufficient evidence exists for a relationship between folic acid supplementation and ankyloglossia. Currently, the benefits of folic acid supplementation far outweigh the risks. This must be clearly communicated to patients by their clinicians during preconception and antenatal care.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Humans; Ankyloglossia; Case-Control Studies; Folic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Neural Tube Defects; Tongue
PubMed: 37922258
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294042 -
Health Technology Assessment... Jul 2023Tongue-tie can be diagnosed in 3-11% of babies, with some studies reporting almost universal breastfeeding difficulties, and others reporting very few feeding... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Tongue-tie can be diagnosed in 3-11% of babies, with some studies reporting almost universal breastfeeding difficulties, and others reporting very few feeding difficulties that relate to the tongue-tie itself, instead noting that incorrect positioning and attachment are the primary reasons behind the observed breastfeeding difficulties and not the tongue-tie itself. The only existing trials of frenotomy are small and underpowered and/or include only very short-term or subjective outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether frenotomy is clinically and cost-effective to promote continuation of breastfeeding at 3 months in infants with breastfeeding difficulties diagnosed with tongue-tie.
DESIGN
A multicentre, unblinded, randomised, parallel group controlled trial.
SETTING
Twelve infant feeding services in the UK.
PARTICIPANTS
Infants aged up to 10 weeks referred to an infant feeding service (by a parent, midwife or other breastfeeding support service) with breastfeeding difficulties and judged to have tongue-tie.
INTERVENTIONS
Infants were randomly allocated to frenotomy with standard breastfeeding support or standard breastfeeding support without frenotomy.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcome was any breastmilk feeding at 3 months according to maternal self-report. Secondary outcomes included mother's pain, exclusive breastmilk feeding, exclusive direct breastfeeding, frenotomy, adverse events, maternal anxiety and depression, maternal and infant NHS health-care resource use, cost-effectiveness, and any breastmilk feeding at 6 months of age.
RESULTS
Between March 2019 and November 2020, 169 infants were randomised, 80 to the frenotomy with breastfeeding support arm and 89 to the breastfeeding support arm from a planned sample size of 870 infants. The trial was stopped in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic due to withdrawal of breastfeeding support services, slow recruitment and crossover between arms. In the frenotomy with breastfeeding support arm 74/80 infants (93%) received their allocated intervention, compared to 23/89 (26%) in the breastfeeding support arm. Primary outcome data were available for 163/169 infants (96%). There was no evidence of a difference between the arms in the rate of breastmilk feeding at 3 months, which was high in both groups (67/76, 88% vs. 75/87, 86%; adjusted risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.16). Adverse events were reported for three infants after surgery [bleeding ( = 1), salivary duct damage ( = 1), accidental cut to the tongue and salivary duct damage ( = 1)]. Cost-effectiveness could not be determined with the information available.
LIMITATIONS
The statistical power of the analysis was extremely limited due to not achieving the target sample size and the high proportion of infants in the breastfeeding support arm who underwent frenotomy.
CONCLUSIONS
This trial does not provide sufficient information to assess whether frenotomy in addition to breastfeeding support improves breastfeeding rates in infants diagnosed with tongue-tie.
FUTURE WORK
There is a clear lack of equipoise in the UK concerning the use of frenotomy, however, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the procedure still need to be established. Other study designs will need to be considered to address this objective.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial is registered as ISRCTN 10268851.
FUNDING
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 16/143/01) and will be published in full in ; Vol. 27, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The funder had no role in study design or data collection, analysis and interpretation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Breast Feeding; Pandemics; Ankyloglossia; Parents; Tongue; Cost-Benefit Analysis
PubMed: 37839892
DOI: 10.3310/WBBW2302 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Oct 2023
Topics: Infant; Humans; Female; Ankyloglossia; Breast Feeding; Tongue
PubMed: 37816524
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230151 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023(1) : The forward head posture (FHP) is characterized by increased extensions of upper cervical vertebrae and flexion of the lower cervical vertebrae and upper thoracic...
(1) : The forward head posture (FHP) is characterized by increased extensions of upper cervical vertebrae and flexion of the lower cervical vertebrae and upper thoracic regions, associated with muscle shortening. The compressive loading on the tissues in the cervical spine negatively impacts suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and generates increased tension of the masticatory muscles. The tongue has relations with the suprahyoid and the infrahyoid muscles. The pattern of swallowing evolves gradually from birth to the age of four. If this developmental transition does not occur, the result is persistent infantile or atypical swallowing-an orofacial myofunctional disorder with the tongue in improper position during swallowing, causing strain and stress on the jaw, face, head and neck. In FHP, muscles crucial to swallowing are biomechanically misaligned. The lengthening of the suprahyoid muscles necessitates stronger contractions to achieve proper hyolaryngeal movement during swallowing. This study assesses the added benefits of physiotherapy to the traditional myofunctional swallowing rehabilitation for patients with FHP. The underlying hypothesis is that without addressing FHP, swallowing rehabilitation remains challenged and potentially incomplete. (2) : A total of 61 participants (12-26 years) meeting the inclusion criteria (FHP and atypical swallowing) were divided into two similar groups. Group A attended one orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) and one physiotherapy session per week, group B only one OMT session per week, for 20 weeks. Exclusion criteria were as follows: ankyloglossia, neurological impairment affecting tongue and swallowing, cervical osteoarticular pathology, other previous or ongoing treatments for FHP and atypical swallowing. (3) : There is a significant improvement in terms of movement and use of the orofacial structures (tongue, lips, cheeks), as well as in breathing and swallowing in both groups. Group A achieved better outcomes as the CVA angle was directly addressed by manual therapy and GPR techniques. (4) : The combined therapy proved to be more effective than single OMT therapy.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition; Patients; Cervical Vertebrae; Neck; Posture
PubMed: 37763700
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091580 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2023In this study we present the new postoperative oro-myofunctional protocol following frenectomy by atmospheric plasma associated with a systemic postural approach, which...
AIM
In this study we present the new postoperative oro-myofunctional protocol following frenectomy by atmospheric plasma associated with a systemic postural approach, which determines functional recovery through body symmetry restoration based on the concepts of the French "Mezieres Method" and postural bench.
METHODS
A total of 130 patients (76 female, 54 male) affected by ankyloglossia of class III/IV, according to Kotlow's Tongue Tie Classification have been treated with atmospheric plasma followed by oro-myofunctional therapy associated with a systemic postural approach. The overall change, improved/worsened speech, feeding, or sleep has been evaluated through the 10 points Parents Speech Satisfaction (PSS) Score after one week and two months.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of the current investigation, myofunctional therapy in tongue-tie results in a consistent significant functional ameliorating of feeding capability, speech and sleeping of subject treated as reported with traditional oro-myofunctional therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Ankyloglossia; Myofunctional Therapy; Parents; Tongue
PubMed: 37668462
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2023.1885 -
Cureus Jul 2023Ear tags or accessory auricles are branchial cleft remnants that clinically appear as asymptomatic nodules or papules in the preauricular region. They occur in various...
Ear tags or accessory auricles are branchial cleft remnants that clinically appear as asymptomatic nodules or papules in the preauricular region. They occur in various syndromes affecting the first and branchial arches during embryogenesis. The presence of an ear tag can have a psychological impact on one's life due to its unesthetic appearance, thereby affecting their quality of life. Talon cusp usually occurs in the maxillary central or lateral incisor. A fissured tongue or cerebriform tongue is characterized by the presence of horizontal or vertical grooves, usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a developmental anomaly in which the lingual frenum is abnormally attached to the ventral surface of the tongue. It can cause difficulties in breastfeeding in infants and in the pronunciation of certain vowels in adults. The concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with the talon cusp in the mandibular second molar has not been reported in previous literature. We present a unique case of a 24-year-old non-syndromic individual with the concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with a rare clinical occurrence of talon cusp in the mandibular second molar, fissured tongue, and ankyloglossia.
PubMed: 37602049
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42095 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2023Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetically inherited disease characterized by recurrent bullae and erosions on the skin with numerous signs of dental caries and poor...
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetically inherited disease characterized by recurrent bullae and erosions on the skin with numerous signs of dental caries and poor oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the general clinical and oral findings of patients with EB. In this prospective study, the clinical and oral findings and family history of 26 cases with EB were evaluated. The type of EB, gender, age, parental consanguinity, dental caries, oral findings, distribution of lesions and presence of associated anomalies, clinical and oral findings correlated with gender were recorded. All 26 patients with EB had a history of consanguinity and siblings with EB to varying degrees. In our study, malnutrition, anemia and growth retardation, gastrointestinal system complications, hair thinning, hand and nail deformity, ocular problems and renal disease (in one case) were observed with variable frequencies. When the intraoral findings of the patients were investigated, extensive dental caries in all EB types, enamel hypoplasia in junctional EB (JEB) and the presence of tooth-root to be extracted in dystrophic EB (DEB), intraoral bullae and lesions, ankyloglossia, vestibular sulcus insufficiency, microstomia and maxillary atrophy were observed. Three cases had restorative treatment and one case had prosthetic rehabilitation. Oral involvement can be seen with varying frequencies depending on the type of EB and the severity of the disease. It may result from delayed oral and dental rehabilitation due to physical disabilities, limitations and more pressing medical problems. Microstomy, pain from mucosal lesions, and restricted access to the mouth can be caused by poor oral hygiene. Oral complications and caloric needs of individuals with EB should be determined, and individual prophylaxis should be applied to prevent caries formation and protect teeth.
Topics: Humans; Blister; Prospective Studies; Dental Caries; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Mouth
PubMed: 37511997
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071185 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Aug 2023To investigate the opinions and practices of health professionals involved in ankyloglossia diagnosis and management in Australia.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the opinions and practices of health professionals involved in ankyloglossia diagnosis and management in Australia.
METHOD
Two hundred and thirty-seven health professionals across Australia responded to an online survey including their diagnostic and management practice of ankyloglossia. Descriptive statistics, content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyse quantitative data and open-ended responses, respectively.
RESULTS
Most (91.6%) respondents reported they are responsible for the assessment and diagnosis of ankyloglossia in their clinical practice. A majority (56.7%) reported using more than one assessment tool in clinical practice. Less than half (46.4%) reported providing treatment to manage ankyloglossia. Surgical management was used by 44.5%, and 56.4% used non-surgical management as their primary treatment of ankyloglossia. Of the total sample, 26.6% had completed no further training or professional development in the field. 46% of respondents stated they always educate parents about ankyloglossia diagnoses, whereas 29.5% reported they always educate parents about management of ankyloglossia. Of respondents, a high level of confidence was reported by 62.6% of health professionals in the assessment of infants with ankyloglossia. Of those who perform surgical management, 53.7% reported feeling extremely confident in their skills. Fifty-two percent of respondents reported they were dissatisfied with the current service delivery for infants with ankyloglossia.
CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis, management and education practices varied greatly amongst health professionals in Australia. Clinical guidelines for all relevant health professionals are needed to ensure standardised diagnosis and management processes. In future, this will help guide evidence-based diagnosis and intervention for infants with ankyloglossia.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Ankyloglossia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Australia; Parents; Health Personnel; Lingual Frenum
PubMed: 37453216
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111649 -
Cureus Jun 2023Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition prevalent in our country. Juxtaepithelial inflammation with progressive hyalinization of the lamina propria...
Comparison Between Clinical Outcome of Intralesional Human Placental Extract Alone and Topical Application of Placental Extract Gel After Fibrotomy in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.
BACKGROUND
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition prevalent in our country. Juxtaepithelial inflammation with progressive hyalinization of the lamina propria results in stiffness and fibrosis of the oral mucosa, characterised by trismus, ankyloglossia, and a burning sensation. Various methods of treatment have been tried in these cases, which include placental extract injections and the cutting of fibrous bands. In this study, we aim to compare the outcome of intra-lesional placental extract injection with fibrotomy and placental extract gel application in OSMF.
METHODOLOGY
This prospective interventional study included 58 patients clinically diagnosed with OSMF grades II and III at a rural tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and August 2022. The patients were randomised into two groups: group I received 1 ml of intra-lesional human placental extract injection in the submucosal plane of the buccal mucosa and retro-molar trigone (RMT) once a week for five consecutive weeks, and group II was subjected to a transverse division of fibrotic bands in the submucosal plane under general anaesthesia. The surgical wound was left open, and swabs soaked in human-purified placental extract gel were placed in the wound for two hours twice daily until the surgical wound was epithelialized and healed. The patients in both groups I and II were advised to do jaw opening exercises, and weekly follow-up was done. Findings with regard to maximum mouth opening, colour of mucosa, and burning sensation in the oral cavity based on a Likert scale were documented. At the end of five months, the pre-treatment and post-treatment results documented were compared.
RESULTS
All patients were between 20 and 60 years of age and were addicted to chewing areca nuts with tobacco. Bilateral involvement was present in all patients, with extension into the RMT and soft palate seen in 31%. Improvement in mouth opening was between 4 mm and 6 mm in group II, and relief of burning sensation and mucosal colour was better in group I.
CONCLUSION
Intra-lesional placental extract injections help in the improvement of the mucosa and relief from the burning sensation. Fibrotomy with placental extract gel application is better at relieving trismus in OSMF. Aggressive mouth-opening exercises may improve mouth opening following the above procedures.
PubMed: 37425508
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40105 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2023Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a condition present since birth that results in restricted movement of the tongue due to the attachment of the lingual frenulum. The...
Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a condition present since birth that results in restricted movement of the tongue due to the attachment of the lingual frenulum. The condition affects breastfeeding, speaking, swallowing, occlusion, and proper tongue posture. Tongue ties vary in degree of severity from mild cases of mucus membrane bands to complete tongue ties where the tongue adheres to the floor of the mouth. Treatment options such as speech therapy, frenotomy,frenectomyhave all been suggested in the literature. Surgical correction often causes, bleeding,chances of infection, swelling, and relapse. A systemically healthy 23-year-old male patient who experienced difficulty in speech since childhood was referred for treatment to the dental clinic in September 2020. He was diagnosed with Kotlows class III tongue tie and angles class 3 malocclusion. Orthodontic correction and Functional frenuloplasty using a diode laser was carried out. In conjunction with it,orofacial myofunctional therapy was advised. Follow-up: The surgical procedure was uneventful. The patient was reviewed post-operatively at regular intervals every 3 months to check for relapse. This paper elaborates on the newer modes of diagnosis, orofacial myofunctional therapy, and lingual frenuloplasty with diode laser. This technique will help to overcome all the challenges of conventional tongue-tie treatments providing long-term excellent results.
PubMed: 37351399
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_20_22