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Biomolecules May 2024The aim of this study was to identify effective genetic markers for the Antigen Processing Associated Transporter 1 (), α (1,2) Fucosyltransferase 1 (), Natural...
The aim of this study was to identify effective genetic markers for the Antigen Processing Associated Transporter 1 (), α (1,2) Fucosyltransferase 1 (), Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (), Mucin 4 () and Mucin 13 () diarrhea-resistance genes in the local pig breeds, namely Shanghai white pigs, Fengjing pigs, Shawutou pigs, Meishan pigs and Pudong white pigs, to provide a reference for the characterization of local pig breed resources in Shanghai. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLR) and sequence sequencing were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of the above genes and to explore the effects on the immunity of Shanghai local pig breeds in conjunction with some immunity factors. The results showed that both and genes had antidiarrheal genotype GG in the five pig breeds, AG and GG genotypes of the gene were detected in Pudong white pigs, AA antidiarrheal genes of the gene were detected in Meishan pigs, the AB type of the gene was detected in Pudong white pigs, and antidiarrheal genotype GG of the gene was only detected in Shanghai white pigs. The antidiarrhea genotype GG was only detected in Shanghai white pigs. The gene was moderately polymorphic in Shanghai white pigs, Fengjing pigs, Shawutou pigs, Meishan pigs and Pudong white pigs, among which in Shanghai white pigs and Shawutou pigs did not satisfy the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene of Pudong white pigs was in a state of low polymorphism. of Meishan pigs and Pudong white pigs was in a state of moderate polymorphism, which did not satisfy the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genes of Shanghai white pigs and Pudong white pigs were in a state of low polymorphism, and the genes of Fengjing pigs and Shawutou pigs were in a state of moderate polymorphism, and the genes of Fengjing pigs and Pudong white pigs did not satisfy the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene of Shanghai white pigs and Pudong white pigs was in a state of moderate polymorphism. Meishan pigs had higher levels of IL-2, IL-10, IgG and TNF-α, and Pudong white pigs had higher levels of IL-12 than the other pigs. The level of interleukin 12 (IL-12) was significantly higher in the AA genotype of the gene of Shanghai white pigs than in the AG genotype. The indicator of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the AA genotype of the gene of Fengjing pigs was significantly higher than that of the GG and AG genotypes. The indicator of IL-12 in the AG genotype of the Shawutou pig gene was significantly higher than that of the GG genotype. The level of TNF-α in the AA genotype of the gene of Meishan pigs was markedly higher than that of the AB genotype. The IL-2 level of the AG type of the gene was obviously higher than that of the GG type of Pudong white pigs, the IL-2 level of the AA type of the gene was dramatically higher than that of the AG type, and the IgG level of the GG type of the gene was apparently higher than that of the AG type. The results of this study are of great significance in guiding the antidiarrhea breeding and molecular selection of Shanghai white pigs, Fengjing pigs, Shawutou pigs, Meishan pigs and Pudong white pigs and laying the foundation for future antidiarrhea breeding of various local pig breeds in Shanghai.
Topics: Animals; Swine; China; Diarrhea; Fucosyltransferases; Cation Transport Proteins; Breeding; Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase; Mucin-4; Genotype
PubMed: 38786002
DOI: 10.3390/biom14050595 -
Heliyon May 2024Natural plant-based medicines have gained in popularity, replacing artificial models and chemicals as a result of new pharmacological discoveries. The increased... (Review)
Review
Natural plant-based medicines have gained in popularity, replacing artificial models and chemicals as a result of new pharmacological discoveries. The increased popularity and acceptability of herbal medications such as arose from the assumption that all-natural products are safe, readily available, and inexpensive. The genus (Commelinaceae), which has over 200 species, has long been utilized as a treatment for a variety of ailments and conditions around the world. However, to the authors' knowledge, there are no Comprehensive scientific reports of many medicinally important species of the genus under one roof. The current narrative review aims to present an updated overview of the various species of focusing on its morphology; geographical distribution; traditional medicinal use (species type, parts of the plant used, the mode of action, ailments treated, and countries practicing); phytochemical constituents; and pharmacological properties. The data search approach was carried out utilizing English-language electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Research Gates, Ethnobotany Research and Applications, and Google Scholar. Using key terms such as "medicinal plant," "genus ," "traditional medicinal usage of species," "photochemistry of species," and "pharmacological (biologic) activities of species" numerous searches and in-depth discussions are conducted. It was found that many species contain bioactive-phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) with a variety of structural kinds, including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, sterols, anthocyanins, and others which are presumed for their pharmacological activities. According to the invitro and preclinical reports, the species have shown anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepato-protective, diuretic, fertility-inducing, anti-diarrheal, and anthelmintic activity, sedative, and anxiolytic activities. Although standardized extracts and phytochemicals derived from numerous species are presumed to provide safer alternatives for treating a variety of human ailments, the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus' plants have yet to be thoroughly investigated, both in preclinical studies with various animal models and in large-scale clinical trials. The authors also advocate for future collaboration among scientists, pharmaceutical firm owners, and other interested parties to develop novel drugs.
PubMed: 38784558
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30945 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jul 2024The use of a new nanomaterial in the feed chain requires a risk assessment that involves in vitro gastrointestinal digestions to predict its degradation and oral...
Nanosilver-based materials as feed additives: Evaluation of their transformations along in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in pigs and chickens by using an ICP-MS based analytical platform.
The use of a new nanomaterial in the feed chain requires a risk assessment that involves in vitro gastrointestinal digestions to predict its degradation and oral exposure to nanoparticles. In this study, a nanosilver-based material was incorporated into pig and chicken feed as a growth-promoting additive and subjected to the corresponding in vitro gastrointestinal digestions. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analytical platform was used to obtain information about the silver released in the different digestion phases. It included conventional ICP-MS for total silver determination, but also single particle ICP-MS and coupling to hydrodynamic chromatography for detection of dissolved and particulate silver. The bioaccessible fraction in the intestinal phase accounted for 8-13% of the total silver, mainly in the form of dissolved Ag(I) species, with less than 0.1% as silver-containing particles. Despite the additive behaving differently in pig and chicken digestions, the feed matrix played a relevant role in the fate of the silver.
Topics: Swine; Chickens; Animal Feed; Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Digestion; Gastrointestinal Tract; Mass Spectrometry; Kaolin
PubMed: 38777876
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05323-8 -
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research =... 2024Functional bowel disorders (FBD) have a major potential to degrade the standards of public life. Juniperus oxycedrus L. (J. oxycedrus) (Cupressaceae) has been described...
Functional bowel disorders (FBD) have a major potential to degrade the standards of public life. Juniperus oxycedrus L. (J. oxycedrus) (Cupressaceae) has been described as a plant used in traditional medicine as an antidiarrheal medication. The present study is the first to obtain information on the antispasmodic and antidiarrheic effects of J. oxycedrus aqueous extract through in vitro and in vivo studies. An aqueous extract of J. oxycedrus (AEJO) was extracted by decoctioning air-dried aerial sections of the plant. Antispasmodic activity was tested in an isolated jejunum segment of rats exposed to cumulative doses of drogue extract. The antidiarrheic activity was tested using diarrhea caused by castor oil, a transit study of the small intestine, and castor oil-induced enteropooling assays in mice. In the jejunum of rats, the AEJO (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/ml) diminished the maximum tone induced by low K (25 mM), while it exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on high K (75 mM) with an IC=0.49 ± 0.01 mg/ml and IC=2.65 ± 0.16 mg/ml, respectively. In the contractions induced by CCh (10 M), AEJO diminished the maximum tone, similar to that induced by low K (25 mM). with an IC=0.45 ± 0.02 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of AEJO on low K induced contractions was significantly diminished in the presence of glibenclamide (GB) (0.3 µM) and 4-aminopyrimidine (4-AP) (100 µM), with IC values of 1.84 ± 0.09 mg/ml. and 1.63 ± 0.16 mg/ml, respectively). The demonstrated inhibitory effect was similar to that produced by a non-competitive antagonist acting on cholinergic receptors and calcium channels. In castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, AEJO (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused an extension of the latency time, a reduced defecation frequency, and a decrease in the amount of wet feces compared to the untreated group (distilled water). Moreover, it showed a significant anti-motility effect and reduced the amount of fluid accumulated in the intestinal lumen at all tested doses. These findings support the conventional use of Juniperus oxycedrus L. as a remedy for gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Animals; Jejunum; Antidiarrheals; Parasympatholytics; Plant Extracts; Juniperus; Mice; Rats; Diarrhea; Male; Castor Oil; Gastrointestinal Transit; Rats, Wistar; Gastrointestinal Motility; Muscle, Smooth; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 38777767
DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.60.10 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Rotavirus causes life-threatening diarrhea in children, resulting in ∼200,000 deaths/year. The current treatment during infection is Oral Rehydration Solution which...
Rotavirus causes life-threatening diarrhea in children, resulting in ∼200,000 deaths/year. The current treatment during infection is Oral Rehydration Solution which successfully replenishes fluids but does not alleviate diarrhea volume or severity. As a result, there is an urgent need to better understand rotavirus pathophysiology and develop more effective pediatric therapeutics. Rotavirus primarily infects the tips of small intestinal villi, yet has far-reaching effects on cell types distant from infected cells. We recently identified that rotavirus infected cells release the purinergic signaling molecule ADP, which activates P2Y1 receptors on nearby uninfected cells . To elucidate the role of purinergic signaling via P2Y1 receptors during rotavirus infection , we used the mouse-like rotavirus strain D6/2 which generates a severe infection in mice. C57BL/6J mouse pups were given an oral gavage of D6/2 rotavirus and assessed over the course of 5-7 days. Beginning at day 1 post infection, infected pups were treated daily by oral gavage with saline or 4 mg/kg MRS2500, a selective P2Y1 antagonist. Mice were monitored for diarrhea severity, diarrhea incidence, and viral shedding. Neonatal mice were euthanized at days 3 and 5 post-infection and small intestine was collected to observe infection. MRS2500 treatment decreased the severity, prevalence, and incidence of rotavirus diarrhea. Viral stool shedding, assessed by qPCR for rotavirus gene levels, revealed that MRS2500 treated pups had significantly lower viral shedding starting at day 4 post infection compared to saline treated pups, which suggests P2Y1 signaling may enhance rotavirus replication. Finally, we found that inhibition of P2Y1 with MRS2500 limited transmitted rotavirus diarrhea to uninfected pups within a litter. Together, these results suggest that P2Y1 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of a homologous murine rotavirus strain, making P2Y1 receptors a promising anti-diarrheal, anti-viral therapeutic target to reduce rotavirus disease burden.
PubMed: 38765995
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592953 -
Heliyon May 2024The plants of L. genus have been traditionally used to cure aches, sore throats, fevers, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual weakness, diarrhea, stomach... (Review)
Review
The plants of L. genus have been traditionally used to cure aches, sore throats, fevers, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual weakness, diarrhea, stomach problems, amenorrhea, menstrual disorders, kidney stones, and pain. The review aims to give a comprehensive account of the current state of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the genus, as well as to describe the potential area of future avenues. Information on the genus was obtained from internet sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and so on by using appropriate keywords, including ethnobotanical, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, bioactivity, phytochemistry, and botanical features of the genus. This review identified 14 species in the genus that have a phytopharmacological investigation, including a Burm. f., L., L., Pers., Blanco., Roxb., Rendle., Koidz., Engl., (Jacq.) Sarg., Wild., Torr., Engl., and Lam. This genus contains many classified phytoconstituents, such as terpenoids, organic acids, flavonoids, and volatile compounds. Their extracts and pure substances have been shown to have the same anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, urease-inhibiting, and antidiarrheal properties as their traditional uses. In terms of current information on ethnopharmacology, phytochemicals, and pharmacological uses, the data acquired in this review could be beneficial and needed for future research. Some phytoconstituents (for instance, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and eugenol) and extracts (for example, leaves, seeds, and ripe fruits extracts of ) showed tremendous results in preliminary testing with promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and urease inhibitory effects. Further research and clinical investigations are needed to develop them as lead compounds and neutraceuticals, which may provide an advance over traditional medicinal systems.
PubMed: 38726115
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29707 -
International Journal of Radiation... May 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) enemas in radiation-induced acute rectal injury (RARI) in...
Application of Recombinant Human Superoxide Dismutase in Radical Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer to Prevent and Treat Radiation-induced Acute Rectal Injury: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Prospective Trial.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) enemas in radiation-induced acute rectal injury (RARI) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial (NCT04819685) conducted across 14 medical centers in China from June 2021 to August 2023, all patients received concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). The experimental group was treated with a rhSOD enema during chemoradiation therapy, and the control group had no enema. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0) was used to evaluate radiation therapy-induced side effects. Endoscopic appearance was assessed using the Vienna Rectoscopy Score. The primary endpoint in the acute phase was the occurrence rate and duration of grade ≥1 (≥G1) diarrhea during CCRT. Secondary endpoints included the occurrence rate and duration of ≥G2 and ≥G3 diarrhea, ≥G1 and ≥G2 diarrhea lasting at least 3 days, and damage to the rectal mucosa due to radiation therapy measured by endoscopy.
RESULTS
Two hundred and eighty-three patients were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 141) or control group (n = 142). The mean number of ≥G1 and ≥G2 diarrhea days were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (3.5 and 0.8 days vs 14.8 and 4.5 days, respectively; P < .001). The incidence of ≥G2 diarrhea decreased from 53.6% to 24.1% when rhSOD enemas were used. Use of antidiarrheals was lower in the experimental group (36.2% vs 55.7%, P < .001). Three patients felt intolerable or abdominal pain after rhSOD enema. RARI grades in the experimental group tended to be lower than those in the control group (P = .061). Logistic regression analysis revealed that rhSOD enema was associated with a lower occurrence rate of ≥G1/2 diarrhea for at least 3 days (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that rhSOD enema is safe and significantly reduces the incidence, severity, and duration of RARI, protecting the rectal mucosa.
PubMed: 38705489
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.070 -
Global Heart 2024Opium consumption has been an overlooked health issue in the Iranian population, and the prognostic role of opium consumption in patients undergoing coronary...
BACKGROUND
Opium consumption has been an overlooked health issue in the Iranian population, and the prognostic role of opium consumption in patients undergoing coronary revascularization is unknown.
HYPOTHESIS
We aimed to assess the association between opium consumption and long-term cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
METHODS
We screened 2203 consecutive patients who underwent elective PCI between April 2009 and April 2010 at Tehran Heart Center. Exclusion criteria were unsuccessful PCI, non-elective PCI, and missing opium use data. Opium consumption was defined as self-reported ever use of any traditional opium substances. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The association between opium use and study outcomes was evaluated using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. Cumulative hazard curves were demonstrated to further assess the association visually. Furthermore, the effect of opium consumption on individual components of MACCE was evaluated in a competing risk setting.
RESULTS
A total of 2025 elective PCI patients were included (age: 58.7 ± 10.67, 29.1% women), among whom 297 (14.6%) patients were opium users. After a median follow-up of 10.7 years, opium consumption was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (IPTW-hazard ratio [HR] = 1.705, 95% CI: 1.125-2.585; = 0.012) and MACCE (IPTW-HR = 1.578, 95% CI: 1.156-2.153; = 0.004). The assessment of MACCE components suggested a non-significant borderline trend for higher non-fatal myocardial infarction (IPTW-sub-distribution HR [SHR] = 1.731, 95% CI: 0.928-3.231; = 0.084) and mortality (IPTW-SHR = 1.441, 95% CI: 0.884-2.351; = 0.143) among opium users.
CONCLUSIONS
Opium consumption is associated with a more than 50% increase in long-term risk of mortality and MACCE in patients undergoing PCI. These findings accentuate the importance of preventive strategies to quit opium addiction in this population.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Middle Aged; Iran; Follow-Up Studies; Opium; Time Factors; Opium Dependence; Risk Factors; Coronary Artery Disease; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 38681970
DOI: 10.5334/gh.1315 -
Veterinary World Mar 2024Mill. () is an aromatic plant used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-rheumatic, and anti-diarrheal agent. This study aimed to evaluate...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Mill. () is an aromatic plant used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-rheumatic, and anti-diarrheal agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mill. on a var. -induced breast cancer model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We collected from the province of Julcán, La Libertad Region, Per, and prepared an ethanolic extract using pulverized leaves macerated in 96° ethanol for 72 h with magnetic stirring. In the evaluation of anticancer activity, four experimental groups with 10 female rats each were formed: Group I (Control-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA]), which received DMBA (single dose) and physiological saline solution for 4 months, and Groups II, III, and IV, which received DMBA (single dose) and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day of the ethanolic extract of , respectively, for 4 months.
RESULTS
The DMBA control group presented histological characteristics of ductal carcinoma with necrotic and inflammatory areas, whereas the extract group showed a decrease in tumor volume and recovery of the ductal duct.
CONCLUSION
Ethanol extract of leaves decreases tumor development in rats with induced breast cancer, and this effect is dose-dependent.
PubMed: 38680140
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.700-704 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal discomfort and altered bowel movements.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The Possible Synergistic Pharmacological Effect of an Oral Berberine (BBR) and Curcumin (CUR) Complementary Therapy Alleviates Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Results from a Real-Life, Routine Clinical Practice Settings-Based Study.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal discomfort and altered bowel movements. IBS cause a significantly negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Growing pharmacological evidence suggests that berberine (BBR) and curcumin (CUR) may mitigate IBS symptoms through multiple complementary synergistic mechanisms, resulting in the attenuation of intestinal inflammation and regulation of bowel motility and gut functions. In the present observational study conducted under real-life routine clinical practice settings, 146 patients diagnosed with IBS were enrolled by general practitioner clinics and pharmacies in Belgium. For the first time, this study assessed the potential synergistic pharmacological effect of a combined oral BBR/CUR supplement (Enterofytol PLUS, containing 200 mg BBR and 49 mg CUR) (two tablets daily for 2 months), serving as complementary therapy in the management of IBS. Following the 2-month supplementation, significant improvements were observed in the patients' IBS severity index (IBSSI) (47.5%) and all the primary IBS symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort (47.2%), distension (48.0%), intestinal transit (46.8%), and QoL (48.1%) (all < 0.0001). The improvement in the patients' IBSSI was independent of age, sex, and IBS sub-types. The patients' weekly maximum stool passage frequency decreased significantly ( < 0.0001), and the stool status normalized ( < 0.0001). The patients' need for concomitant conventional IBS treatment decreased notably: antispasmodics by 64.0% and antidiarrhoeals by 64.6%. Minor adverse effects were reported by a small proportion (7.1%) of patients, mostly gastrointestinal. The majority (93.1%) experienced symptom improvement or resolution, with a high satisfaction rate (82.6%) and willingness to continue the supplementation (79.0%). These findings support the potential synergistic pharmacological role of BBR and CUR in IBS, and their co-supplementation may alleviate IBS symptoms and improve QoL.
Topics: Humans; Berberine; Curcumin; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Quality of Life; Drug Synergism; Administration, Oral; Complementary Therapies; Treatment Outcome; Dietary Supplements; Aged; Belgium; Young Adult
PubMed: 38674895
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081204