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Genes, Brain, and Behavior Feb 2024The genetic correlates of extreme impulsive violence are poorly understood, and there have been few studies that have characterized a large group of affected individuals...
Increased burden of rare protein-truncating variants in constrained, brain-specific and synaptic genes in extremely impulsively violent males with antisocial personality disorder.
The genetic correlates of extreme impulsive violence are poorly understood, and there have been few studies that have characterized a large group of affected individuals both clinically and genetically. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 290 males with the life-course-persistent, extremely impulsively violent form of antisocial personality disorder (APD) and analyzed the spectrum of rare protein-truncating variants (rPTVs). Comparisons were made with 314 male controls and publicly available genotype data. Functional annotation tools were used for biological interpretation. Participants were significantly more likely to harbor rPTVs in genes that are intolerant to loss-of-function variants (odds ratio [OR] 2.06; p < 0.001), specifically expressed in brain (OR 2.80; p = 0.036) and enriched for those involved in neurotransmitter transport and synaptic processes. In 60 individuals (20%), we identified rPTVs that we classified as clinically relevant based on their clinical associations, biological function and gene expression patterns. Of these, 37 individuals harbored rPTVs in 23 genes that are associated with a monogenic neurological disorder, and 23 individuals harbored rPTVs in 20 genes reportedly intolerant to loss-of-function variants. The analysis presents evidence in support of a model where presence of either one or several private, functionally relevant mutations contribute significantly to individual risk of life-course-persistent APD and reveals multiple individuals who could be affected by clinically unrecognized neuropsychiatric Mendelian disease. Thus, Mendelian diseases and increased rPTV burden may represent important factors for the development of extremely impulsive violent life-course-persistent forms of APD irrespective of their clinical presentation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Aggression; Brain; Violence; Genotype
PubMed: 38359179
DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12882 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024The ability to understand and regulate one’s emotions is an integral part of human development. As part of this learning process, emotion socialization is understood...
The ability to understand and regulate one’s emotions is an integral part of human development. As part of this learning process, emotion socialization is understood as the dynamic mechanism by which caregivers mediate and influence the child’s emotional competence. Failures in emotion socialization have been associated with antisocial behavior, peer rejection, and mental health issues in both children and adults, which underscores the importance of this process. It has been suggested that emotion socialization is strongly influenced by the socio-cultural features of the caregivers. This Collection compiles recent works that unravel the underlying complex mechanisms of emotion socialization and related life outcomes. It emphasizes the crucial role that cultural and individual traits play in the process of emotion socialization. Looking ahead, combining insights from neuro-physiological and socio-cultural perspectives promises to enrich our comprehension of emotional processes and emotional competence development.
Topics: Socialization; Emotions
PubMed: 38346987
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52885-9 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Emotion recognition shows large inter-individual variability, and is substantially affected by childhood trauma as well as modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity....
Emotion recognition shows large inter-individual variability, and is substantially affected by childhood trauma as well as modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. While research suggests childhood trauma influences emotion recognition, it is unclear whether this effect is consistent when controlling for interrelated individual differences. Further, the universality of the effects has not been explored, most studies have not examined differing modalities or intensities. This study examined childhood trauma's association with accuracy, when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits, and if this varied across modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. An adult sample (N = 122) completed childhood trauma, alexithymia, and psychopathy questionnaires and three emotion tasks: faces, voices, audio-visual. When investigating childhood trauma alone, there was a significant association with poorer accuracy when exploring modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. When controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy, childhood trauma remained significant when exploring emotion portrayed, however, it was no longer significant when exploring modality and intensity. In fact, alexithymia was significant when exploring intensity. The effect sizes overall were small. Our findings suggest the importance of controlling for interrelated individual differences. Future research should explore more sensitive measures of emotion recognition, such as intensity ratings and sensitivity to intensity, to see if these follow accuracy findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Affective Symptoms; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Emotions; Surveys and Questionnaires; Antisocial Personality Disorder
PubMed: 38341493
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53421-5 -
Cureus Jan 2024Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by stenosis of large intracranial arteries and the development of smaller collateral vessels. Moyamoya may...
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by stenosis of large intracranial arteries and the development of smaller collateral vessels. Moyamoya may cause strokes and stroke-like symptoms in young patients. It has also been linked to autoimmune diseases and neuropsychiatric conditions. We present a case of moyamoya disease in a young patient with concomitant hyperaldosteronism, uncontrolled hypertension, and cocaine use disorder, along with features of antisocial personality disorder. This is a unique presentation of an underlying neurological disease causing psychiatric features exacerbated by cocaine use, and it describes a rare clinical presentation that physicians should consider in patients with moyamoya disease.
PubMed: 38313982
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51578 -
JAMA Network Open Jan 2024The suicidal risk of psychopathology in adolescence is suggested to differ based on its longitudinal trajectory, but the comorbidity of these symptom trajectories has...
IMPORTANCE
The suicidal risk of psychopathology in adolescence is suggested to differ based on its longitudinal trajectory, but the comorbidity of these symptom trajectories has not been well examined. This study comprehensively clustered trajectories of multiple psychopathological and behavioral symptoms and examined their associations with suicidal thoughts in adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
To determine which categories and trajectories of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms are associated with suicidal thoughts in adolescence, accounting for comorbid symptoms.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This population-based cohort study in Japan used data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort (TTC) study, which was established in 2012 and is currently ongoing. Data from 3 waves of surveys conducted at ages 10, 12, and 16 years from October 2012 to September 2021 were used. Of the adolescents in the cohort, participants with at least 2 evaluations of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms were included. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to March 2023.
EXPOSURE
Latent class growth analysis was used to cluster the trajectory of each psychopathological and behavioral symptom.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The associations between symptom trajectories and suicidal thoughts at age 16 were examined. Suicidal thoughts were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Psychopathological and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the 8 subscale scores of the caregiver-report Child Behavior Checklist.
RESULTS
This study included 2780 adolescents (1306 female participants [47.0%]). Of the 1920 adolescents with data on suicidal thoughts, 158 (8.2%) had suicidal thoughts. The median (IQR) age was 10.2 (10.0-10.3) years at the first evaluation, 11.9 (11.8-12.1) years at the second evaluation, and 16.3 (16.1-16.5) years at the last evaluation. The clustering pattern of trajectories varied depending on symptom categories. After adjusting for each symptom trajectory and confounders, adolescents with persistent high withdrawn symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.10-3.21) and those with increasing somatic symptoms (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.16-3.34) had a significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts than adolescents without these symptoms. There was no interaction between these symptom trajectories and the risk of suicidal thoughts.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This cohort study found that persistent withdrawn symptoms and increasing somatic symptoms during early to midadolescence were associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts in midadolescence, even after accounting for comorbid symptoms and confounders. Attention should be paid to the suicidal risk associated with these symptoms, particularly when they persist or increase in the longitudinal follow-up.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Cohort Studies; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Suicidal Ideation; Behavioral Symptoms; Antisocial Personality Disorder
PubMed: 38270951
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.53166 -
BMC Psychiatry Jan 2024Psychopathy has been described as "the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry". It has three core features: affective, interpersonal, and behavioral....
BACKGROUND
Psychopathy has been described as "the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry". It has three core features: affective, interpersonal, and behavioral. The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) scale is used to screen for and measure psychopathy. Our study aims to validate the LSRP as a tool to measure psychopathy in the non-institutionalized Lebanese population.
METHODS
We surveyed Lebanese individuals residing in Lebanon and aged 18 through 65. It was a convenience sample collected via an online survey. 534 Lebanese participants completed the survey and were included in our analyses. Nearly 80% were female, 90% were college educated, and 60% were employed. We used exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analyses to measure internal validity of the LSRP. We also used the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R), the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (STAB), and the Short version of the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (S-UPPS-P) to measure external validity of LSRP.
RESULTS
The exploratory graph analysis showed that the LSRP had a three-factor structure (Egocentric, Callous and Antisocial) in the Lebanese population. This three-factor structure (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.83, SRMR = 0.06) yielded a better fit than the two-factor, and three-factor Brinkley models. The LSRP was negatively correlated with the Honesty-Humility dimension of the HEXACO-PI-R and positively correlated with the STAB and S-UPPS-P subscales.
CONCLUSIONS
The LSRP scale is a valid measure of psychopathy in the Lebanese non-institutionalized population, adding to the currently limited literature addressing psychopathy in the Arab World.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Self Report; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Personality Disorders; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Impulsive Behavior
PubMed: 38267879
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05499-4 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Biological phenotypes in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have previously been described. We hypothesized that the trajectory of PaO/FO ratio... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Biological phenotypes in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have previously been described. We hypothesized that the trajectory of PaO/FO ratio could be used to identify phenotypes of ARDS. We used a retrospective cohort analysis of an ARDS database to identify latent classes in the trajectory of PaO/FO ratio over time. We included all adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit who met the Berlin criteria for ARDS over a 4-year period in tertiary adult intensive care units in Manitoba, Canada. Baseline demographics were collected along with the daily PaO/FO ratio collected on admission and on days 1-7, 14 and 28. We used joint growth mixture modeling to test whether ARDS patients exhibit distinct phenotypes with respect to both longitudinal PaO/FO ratio and survival. The resulting latent classes were compared on several demographic variables. In our study group of 209 patients, we found that four latent trajectory classes of PaO/FO ratio was optimal. These four classes differed in their baseline PaO/FO ratio and their trajectory of improvement during the 28 days of the study. Despite similar baseline characteristics the hazard for death for the classes differed over time. This difference was largely driven by withdrawal of life sustaining therapy in one of the classes. Latent classes were identified in the trajectory of the PaO/FO ratio over time, suggesting the presence of different ARDS phenotypes. Future studies should confirm the existence of this finding and determine the cause of mortality differences between classes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Canada; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 38263415
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52243-9 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024This study focuses on understanding the relationship between moral disengagement mechanisms in adolescents who engage in law-breaking activities and those who violate...
This study focuses on understanding the relationship between moral disengagement mechanisms in adolescents who engage in law-breaking activities and those who violate school norms. To do so, we administered the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS), which evaluates moral justification, euphemistic labeling, advantageous comparison, deflection of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distortion of consequences, dehumanization, and attribution of blame, to 366 adolescents (60.1% males ( = 220) and 39.9% females ( = 146)). Our results confirmed the hypothesis that law-breaking adolescents presented a higher degree of moral disengagement than those adolescents who violate school norms. Additionally, we found that adolescents who violated school norms displayed significantly higher levels of dehumanization than the controls, and law-breaking adolescents obtained the highest score in this domain. Our findings allow us to suggest that the presence of the dehumanization mechanism in adolescents who violate school norms could be used as an early indicator of the emergence of antisocial behaviors, since this was the only component of moral disengagement that significantly differentiated this group from the controls in the study.
PubMed: 38255383
DOI: 10.3390/children11010070 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Studies have reported positive associations between youth psychopathy scores and measures of 'fearlessness'. However, prior studies modified fearlessness items to be age...
Studies have reported positive associations between youth psychopathy scores and measures of 'fearlessness'. However, prior studies modified fearlessness items to be age appropriate, shifting from assessing hypothetical, extreme forms of physical risk-taking (e.g., flying an airplane) to normative risk-taking (e.g., riding bicycles downhill). We hypothesize that associations between youth psychopathy scores and alternative forms of sensation seeking (i.e., Disinhibition) have been conflated under a false fearlessness label. We tested this hypothesis among incarcerated male adolescents, investigating whether youth psychopathy scores were significantly associated with two different forms of sensation seeking: Disinhibition and Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS). Youth psychopathic traits were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS), Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU), and Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). Disinhibition and fearlessness (i.e., TAS) were assessed using an unmodified version of the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS). Consistent with hypotheses, youth psychopathy scores were associated with higher Disinhibition and lower TAS scores. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that psychopathic traits, including among adolescents, are not concomitant with physical risk-taking and descriptions of psychopathy including fearlessness distort a precise understanding of psychopathy's core features.
PubMed: 38255377
DOI: 10.3390/children11010065