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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic...
The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic activity of the aqueous Azorean Black Tea extract (ABT), together with an approach to the mechanisms of action. The phytochemical analysis of ABT extract was performed by HPLC. The dermatophytes susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution assay; potential synergies with terbinafine and griseofulvin were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The mechanism of action was appraised by the quantification of the fungal cell wall chitin and β-1,3-glucan, and by membrane ergosterol. The presence of ultrastructural modifications was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ABT extract contained organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, theaflavins and alkaloids. It showed an antidermatophytic effect, with MIC values of 250 µg/mL for , 125 µg/mL for and 500 µg/mL for ; at these concentrations, the extract was fungicidal. An additive effect of ABT in association to terbinafine on these three dermatophytes was observed. The ABT extract caused a significant reduction in β-1,3-glucan content, indicating the synthesis of this cell wall component as a possible target. The present study identifies the antidermatophytic activity of the ABT and highlights its potential to improve the effectiveness of conventional topical treatment currently used for the management of skin or mucosal fungal infections.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Terbinafine; Camellia sinensis; Tea; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Arthrodermataceae; Fungicides, Industrial; Plant Extracts; Mycoses; Trichophyton
PubMed: 38067505
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237775 -
Annals of Dermatology Nov 2023Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin that primarily occurs in prepubertal children. remains the most common pathogen causing...
Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin that primarily occurs in prepubertal children. remains the most common pathogen causing tinea capitis in Asian countries, including South Korea, although the causative organism of this condition varies across geographical regions and time periods. Systemic antifungal agents are the mainstay treatments for tinea capitis; however, the therapeutic responses to antifungal drugs may vary depending on the causative species, and treatment failure may occur owing to drug resistance. Although dermatophytosis resistant to clinical treatment have been increasingly encountered, recalcitrant tinea capitis cases have rarely been reported. Herein, we report three cases of tinea capitis caused by in children. All three patients showed unsatisfactory clinical responses to prolonged courses of oral terbinafine or itraconazole without achieving mycological cure; however, they were successfully treated with oral griseofulvin. Although griseofulvin is not currently available or licensed for use in many countries, including South Korea, it is one of the most effective agents against species and remains the most widely used first-line treatment for tinea capitis in children, based on dermatology textbooks and reliable treatment guidelines.
PubMed: 38061714
DOI: 10.5021/ad.21.254 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2023This is a report of the results of the epidemiological survey on dermatomycoses conducted in 2021. A total of 9,442 patients with dermatomycosis were reported for one...
This is a report of the results of the epidemiological survey on dermatomycoses conducted in 2021. A total of 9,442 patients with dermatomycosis were reported for one year. They include 8,151 (86.3%) with dermatophytosis, 796 (8.4%) with candidiasis, 484 (5.1%) with Malassezia infection, and 11 (0.1%) with deep cutaneous mycosis. In order, the most common types of dermatophytoses were tinea pedis (4,195 cases, 2,341 males and 1,854 females), tinea unguium (2,711 cases, 1,509 males and 1,202 females), tinea corporis (674 cases, 445 males and 229 females), tinea cruris (399 cases, 305 males and 94 females), tinea manus (125 cases, 78 males and 47 females), and tinea capitis (47 cases, 25 males and 22 females). The number of cases of tinea pedis and tinea unguium increased during the summer. A higher percentage of patients were aged 80 or older than in previous surveys. These findings may reflect the increasing percentage of elderly patients seen and the superannuation of the population. As in previous surveys, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale were the two most frequently isolated species of fungi causing dermatophytoses. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans were the two species most often causing tinea capitis.Regarding cutaneous candidiasis, while candidal intertrigo was the most common in previous surveys, diaper candidiasis in the elderly was the most common in this survey. A background check revealed that this was because a facility included a semi-prophylactic approach to address diaper candidiasis occurring within the ward.Malassezia infections by Malassezia folliculitis clearly increased with each survey. The tendency of certain facilities with many reports of Malassezia folliculitis suggests that it is greatly affected by the presence of physicians familiar with the disease.
Topics: Male; Aged; Female; Humans; Tinea Pedis; Dermatomycoses; Onychomycosis; Japan; Tinea; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Tinea Capitis; Candidiasis; Folliculitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 38030276
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.23-00008 -
Veterinarni Medicina Jul 2023Optimising diagnostic methods in shelters so that they are as economical as possible for the shelter is especially important because shelters often have...
Optimising diagnostic methods in shelters so that they are as economical as possible for the shelter is especially important because shelters often have a significant lack of funds and so usually do not carry out preventive screening of cats. Dermatophyte fungi spread quickly and can infect shelter staff. The aim of our work was to identify the occurrence of in shelter cats. It aimed to determine the prevalence of in cats at the selected shelter and compare the efficiency of detection using a Wood's lamp and culturing on Sabouraud's agar. All cats present in the shelter at the time of the study ( = 70) were examined with Wood's lamp and hair sampling followed by subsequent culturing on Sabouraud's agar. Identification of fungi was based on microscopic proof of macroconidia and microconidia. The prevalence of by diagnosis on Sabouraud's agar was 64.29% of cats, with the help of Wood's lamp 48.57% of cats showed positive fluorescence. The sensitivity of the Wood lamp examination was 71% and the specificity was 92%. Our study suggests that Wood's lamp could be used by trained shelter personnel for the first examination of cats at reception and could significantly reduce the risk of spreading in shelters.
PubMed: 37982054
DOI: 10.17221/32/2023-VETMED -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jan 2024Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused...
INTRODUCTION
Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused the attention of researchers to be directed towards the use of nanoparticles and new alternatives for treatment. This study investigated the antifungal effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on clinical isolates of M. canis in dogs and cats and subtilisin 1 (SUB1) gene expression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the wet chemical method at a concentration of 4000 ppm. Its antifungal potential was evaluated at concentrations of 62.5-4000 ppm by disk diffusion and microdilution methods against 10 isolates of M. canis. The effect of this product on SUB1 gene expression was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR method.
RESULTS
The results of the disk diffusion test showed that the highest inhibitory diameter was at the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (34 mm), and the inhibitory zone was observed in dilutions up to 250 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles was between 250 and 500 ppm, and the minimum fungicidal concentration was between 500 and 1000 ppm. There was a significant reduction in SUB1 gene expression in sub-MIC concentration (125-250 ppm) (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that ZnO nanoparticles have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on M. canis. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles could decrease the expression of SUB1, an enzyme involved in fungi adhesion to the epidermis. Nevertheless, more studies must be done in the future to determine the possible side effects and safety of ZnO nanoparticles along with their efficacy in vivo.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Dogs; Antifungal Agents; Zinc Oxide; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Nanoparticles; Microsporum
PubMed: 37904671
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1316 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus,... (Review)
Review
The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 was undertaken. A total of 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Significant variation of antimicrobial activity depending on the tested species and strains, type of extract solvent, or plant organs utilized for the extract preparation was found. extracts were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antimycotic effects against the fungi of and and the dermatophytes spp. Greater susceptibility of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria to fireweed extracts was found. A strong antibacterial effect was recorded for , , , , , , and including multi-drug resistant strains. extract might find practical application as an antimicrobial in wound healing, components of cosmetic products for human and animals, or as food preservatives.
PubMed: 37895890
DOI: 10.3390/ph16101419 -
Current Medical Mycology Mar 2023Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the need for alternative medicine with higher efficiency and lower side effects. In the present study, the antifungal activities of different concentrations of methanol extract against , , and were assessed and their efficacy was evaluated in rat dermatophytosis models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The broth microdilution and well diffusion methods were used to determine the antidermatophytic activity. The study was carried out using 40 dermatophytosis-infected adults male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups (5% and 10% ointment, terbinafine, and Vaseline) and treated with ointment until complete recovery. The percentage of wound closure was calculated for each group.
RESULTS
The results revealed that methanol extract was effective to varying extents against the tested dermatophytes. The highest inhibitory activity of was found against with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 4 and 9 µg mL, respectively. The experiment revealed that 10% ointment significantly accelerated skin lesions reduction and completely cured , , and infections after 19, 25, and 38 days, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The methanol extract of exhibited significant antifungal activity and , suggesting that it could be used as an alternative to antidermatophytic therapy in a dose-dependent manner.
PubMed: 37867595
DOI: 10.18502/CMM.2023.150672 -
Current Medical Mycology Mar 2023Among different clinical entities of dermatophytosis, tinea capitis (TC) is considered a major public health challenge in the world, especially in regions with poor...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Among different clinical entities of dermatophytosis, tinea capitis (TC) is considered a major public health challenge in the world, especially in regions with poor health and low income. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory from July 2009 to April 2022. Hair roots and skin scrapings were collected from the participants. The laboratory diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination and culture. Finally, 921 out of 11095 (8.3%) patients were suspected of TC.
RESULTS
Based on the findings, TC was confirmed in 209 out of 921 patients (22.7%). In terms of gender, 209 TC patients (75.1%) were male. Moreover, the male to female ratio of TC patients was 1:3.0. (146/174, 83.91%) was the most etiological agent, followed by (13/174, 7.47%), (9/174, 5.17%), (3/174, 1.71%), (2/174, 1.15%) and (1/174, 0.57%). Besides, endothrix (77.0%) was the most prevalent type of hair invasion.
CONCLUSION
The results revealed the predominance of , as a causative agent of TC. Despite the prevalence of TC, the absence of appropriate consideration highlights that it is a neglected complication among children.
PubMed: 37867593
DOI: 10.18502/CMM.2023.345026.1395 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023(Bodin, 1902) is a dermatophyte, which is widely represented in the developing and the developed world alike. Commonly transmitted from domestic animals it is...
BACKGROUND
(Bodin, 1902) is a dermatophyte, which is widely represented in the developing and the developed world alike. Commonly transmitted from domestic animals it is particularly dangerous for immunosuppressed patients due to AIDS, cancer or transplant surgery. Search for new perspective antimycotic derivatives becomes an urgent task in the disease containment. Previously, several quinolinium analogs were screened for their antibacterial activity () by our research team. Furthermore, some phenylbenzoquinaldinium derivatives have shown antifungal activity against and .
AIMS
In this study, we sought to investigate fungicidal properties of arylbenzoquinaldinium derivatives against a clinical strain of for future medicinal applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium salts were prepared by a variation of the previously described technique and tested against a clinical strain of the fungus of harvested from pathogenic material of a patient (Perm, Russia, 2014).
RESULTS
phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium tetrafluoroborate has shown antifungal activity par to (or exceeding) that of commercially available medication. Moreover, this benzoquinaldinium analog can be potentially labelled with tritium by our nuclear-chemical method, making it amenable for the sensitive pharmacokinetic studies.
CONCLUSIONS
-phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium tetrafluoroborate has been shown as a promising compound for the further development of potent antifungal agents as well as radiotracers for further elucidation of biological pathways of antifungal activity.
PubMed: 37822376
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_261_16 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Nov 2023Fungal infections of the skin, nails, and hair are a common health concern affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide. The current treatment options...
Fungal infections of the skin, nails, and hair are a common health concern affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide. The current treatment options include topical and systematic agents which have low permeability and prolonged treatment period, respectively. Consequently, there is a growing need for a permeable, effective, and safe treatment. Keratin nanoparticles are a promising nanoformulation that can improve antifungal agent penetration, providing sustainable targeted drug delivery. In this study, keratin nanoparticles were prepared using a custom-made 3D-printed microfluidic chip and the manufacturing process was optimized using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. The total flow rate (TFR), flow rate ratio (FRR), and keratin concentration were found to be the most influential factors of the size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoparticles. The crosslinking procedure by means of tannic acid as safe and biocompatible compound was also optimized. Keratin nanoparticles loaded with a different amount of tioconazole showed a size lower than 200 nm, a PDI lower than 0.2 and an encapsulation efficiency of 91 ± 1.9 %. Due to their sustained drug release, the formulations showed acceptable in vitro biocompatibility. Furthermore, a significant inhibitory effect compared to the free drug against Microsporum canis.
Topics: Microfluidics; Keratins; Drug Delivery Systems; Imidazoles; Nanoparticles; Particle Size
PubMed: 37805150
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123489