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European Journal of Dentistry May 2024The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two acidic beverages (orange juice and HPO-containing fizzy drink) on the surface topography and color stability...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two acidic beverages (orange juice and HPO-containing fizzy drink) on the surface topography and color stability of two commonly used computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty samples of two CAD/CAM ceramic materials, lithium disilicate (IPS e-max CAD) and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were immersed in one of three media (artificial saliva, orange juice and HPO-containing fizzy drink) and then stored in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 hours). Before and after immersion in different media, the surface roughness (Ra) of the samples was assessed using profilometer (JITAI8101 Surface Roughness Tester-Beijing Jitai Tech Detection Device Co. Ltd, China) and the color parameters were measured using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.01 (VITA shade, VITA made, VITA). Surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface mineral content was compared before and after immersion. Paired sample -test was used to determine the change in Ra before and after immersion. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of different CAD/CAM materials and immersion media on the mean ∆Ra and mean ∆E of the studied groups. Tukey's honest significant difference posthoc test was used for multiple comparisons at a level of significance (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
A significant increase in Ra and a decrease in the color stability of the two investigated ceramic materials were detected after immersion in the acidic media than in artificial saliva. SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray results revealed the dissolution of the glassy matrix and the exposure of silicate crystals.
CONCLUSION
The surface topography and color stability of glass ceramics are affected by the pH of different acidic media.
PubMed: 38776980
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786842 -
PloS One 2024Saliva substitutes with enhanced dentin remineralization properties were expected to help manage caries progression in patients with xerostomia. This in vitro study...
Saliva substitutes with enhanced dentin remineralization properties were expected to help manage caries progression in patients with xerostomia. This in vitro study examined the rheological properties and remineralization action of experimental saliva substitutes containing propolis extract and aloe vera extract on demineralized dentin. Four experimental saliva substitutes were formulated with varying concentrations of propolis extract (P) and aloe vera extract (A) were prepared. A commercial saliva substitute (Biotene Oral Rinse) was used as a commercial comparison. The rheological properties and viscosity of these materials were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer (n = 3). The remineralizing actions of saliva substitutes on demineralized dentin after 2 weeks were determined using ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX (n = 8). The results were expressed as a percentage increase in the mineral-to-matrix ratio. Biotene demonstrated a significantly higher viscosity (13.5 mPa·s) than experimental saliva substitutes (p<0.05). The addition of extracts increased the viscosity of the saliva substitutes from 4.7 mPa·s to 5.2 mPa·s. All formulations showed minimal shear thinning behavior, which was the viscoelastic properties of natural saliva. The formulation containing 5 wt% of propolis exhibited the highest increase in the median mineral-to-matrix ratio (25.48%). The SEM-EDX analysis revealed substantial mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin, especially in formulations with 5 wt% or 2.5 wt% of propolis. The effect of the aloe vera extract was minimal. The addition of propolis and aloe vera extracts increased the viscosity of saliva substitutes. the addition of propolis for 2.5 or 5 wt% to saliva substitutes increased mineral apatite precipitation and tubule occlusion. To conclude, the saliva substitute containing propolis extract demonstrated superior remineralizing actions compared with those containing only aloe vera extract.
Topics: Propolis; Aloe; Plant Extracts; Rheology; Saliva, Artificial; Dentin; Humans; Viscosity; Tooth Remineralization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38776324
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304156 -
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive and physical symptoms, anhedonia (loss of interest...
BACKGROUND
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive and physical symptoms, anhedonia (loss of interest in activities), and suicidal ideation. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts depression will become the leading cause of disability by 2030. While biological markers remain essential for understanding MDD's pathophysiology, recent advancements in social signal processing and environmental monitoring hold promise. Wearable technologies, including smartwatches and air purifiers with environmental sensors, can generate valuable digital biomarkers for depression assessment in real-world settings. Integrating these with existing physical, psychopathological, and other indices (autoimmune, inflammatory, neuroradiological) has the potential to improve MDD recurrence prevention strategies.
METHODS
This prospective, randomized, interventional, and non-pharmacological integrated study aims to evaluate digital and environmental biomarkers in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with MDD who are currently taking medication. The study implements a sensor-integrated platform built around an open-source "Pothos" air purifier system. This platform is designed for scalability and integration with third-party devices. It accomplishes this through software interfaces, a dedicated app, sensor signal pre-processing, and an embedded deep learning AI system. The study will enroll two experimental groups (10 adolescents and 30 young adults each). Within each group, participants will be randomly allocated to Group A or Group B. Only Group B will receive the technological equipment (Pothos system and smartwatch) for collecting digital biomarkers. Blood and saliva samples will be collected at baseline (T0) and endpoint (T1) to assess inflammatory markers and cortisol levels.
RESULTS
Following initial age-based stratification, the sample will undergo detailed classification at the 6-month follow-up based on remission status. Digital and environmental biomarker data will be analyzed to explore intricate relationships between these markers, depression symptoms, disease progression, and early signs of illness.
CONCLUSION
This study seeks to validate an AI tool for enhancing early MDD clinical management, implement an AI solution for continuous data processing, and establish an AI infrastructure for managing healthcare Big Data. Integrating innovative psychophysical assessment tools into clinical practice holds significant promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and developing more specific digital devices for comprehensive mental health evaluation.
PubMed: 38774832
DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1366055 -
Cureus Apr 2024Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, presents a significant challenge for individuals wearing complete dentures, affecting their oral health and quality of life.... (Review)
Review
Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, presents a significant challenge for individuals wearing complete dentures, affecting their oral health and quality of life. This review explores the relationship between saliva and complete dentures, highlighting the varied management strategies for xerostomia. Saliva plays a critical role in denture retention, lubrication, and oral environment buffering. Complete denture wearers often experience reduced salivary flow, aggravating symptoms of xerostomia. Various management approaches are discussed, including general measures such as hydration and salivary stimulation techniques which aim to boost saliva production naturally. The use of salivary substitutes provides artificial lubrication and moisture to alleviate dry mouth discomfort. Oral lubricating devices, such as sprays, gels, and lozenges, offer relief by mimicking saliva's lubricating properties, thereby improving denture stability and comfort. This review addresses the etiology of xerostomia in complete denture wearers and explores preventive measures to reduce its impact. A comprehensive approach has been discussed for the management of xerostomia which will help to improve the oral health and well-being of complete denture wearers experiencing dry mouth.
PubMed: 38770459
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58564 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Aug 2024The prevalence of xerostomia, the sensation of dry mouth, is estimated at 20 % in the general population and up to 50 % in older adults. Saliva plays different roles...
The prevalence of xerostomia, the sensation of dry mouth, is estimated at 20 % in the general population and up to 50 % in older adults. Saliva plays different roles during bolus formation: lubrication, mixing, coating, hydration, dissolution, and comminution of food particles. This study proposes and tests artificial saliva formulations mimicking human saliva rheological and sensory perceptions. Shear and extensional rheology were assessed to select the type of formulation closest to saliva rheological characteristics. After evaluating three alternative sources, an extract simulating saliva rheology was produced from flax seeds. Friction coefficient and rheological properties, such as flow curves, relaxation times, and Trouton ratios, were compared favorably with human saliva. The sensory evaluation demonstrated that flaxseed extracts induce perceived mouth hydration, slipperiness, and adhesion exceeding that of human saliva. The flaxseed extract proposed in this can i) be used to study in vitro food oral processing and ii) pave the way to novel natural salivary substitutes to alleviate the symptoms of xerostomia.
Topics: Rheology; Humans; Saliva; Flax; Saliva, Artificial; Plant Extracts; Female; Adult; Male; Xerostomia; Seeds; Young Adult
PubMed: 38763449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106802 -
Parasites & Vectors May 2024Batai virus (BATV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of veterinary importance. A high seroprevalence in cows, sheep and goats and infection in different mosquito species has been...
BACKGROUND
Batai virus (BATV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of veterinary importance. A high seroprevalence in cows, sheep and goats and infection in different mosquito species has been observed in Central Europe. Therefore, we studied indigenous as well as exotic species of the genera Culex and Aedes for BATV vector competence at different fluctuating temperature profiles.
METHODS
Field caught Culex pipiens biotype pipiens, Culex torrentium, Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus japonicus from Germany and Aedes aegypti laboratory colony were infected with BATV strain 53.3 using artificial blood meals. Engorged mosquitoes were kept under four (Culex species) or three (Aedes species) fluctuating temperature profiles (18 ± 5 °C, 21 ± 5 °C, 24 ± 5 °C, 27 ± 5 °C) at a humidity of 70% and a dark/light rhythm of 12:12 for 14 days. Transmission was measured by testing the saliva obtained by forced salivation assay for viable BATV particles. Infection rates were analysed by testing whole mosquitoes for BATV RNA by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
RESULTS
No transmission was detected for Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus or Ae. japonicus japonicus. Infection was observed for Cx. p. pipiens, but only in the three conditions with the highest temperatures (21 ± 5 °C, 24 ± 5 °C, 27 ± 5 °C). In Cx. torrentium infection was measured at all tested temperatures with higher infection rates compared with Cx. p. pipiens. Transmission was only detected for Cx. torrentium exclusively at the highest temperature of 27 ± 5 °C.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the tested mosquito species, only Cx. torrentium seems to be able to transmit BATV if the climatic conditions are feasible.
Topics: Animals; Aedes; Culex; Mosquito Vectors; Temperature; Bunyamwera virus; Saliva; Bunyaviridae Infections; Female; Europe; Germany
PubMed: 38750581
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06296-4 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jul 2024Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations due to its enhanced precision, consistency and time and cost-saving advantages. The...
BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations due to its enhanced precision, consistency and time and cost-saving advantages. The properties of 3D-printed resin materials can be influenced by the chosen printing orientation which can impact the mechanical characteristics of the final products.
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and artificial ageing on the Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (E) of 3D-printed definitive and temporary dental restorative resins.
METHODS
Disk specimens (20 mm diameter × 2 mm height) were additively manufactured in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) using five 3D-printable resins: VarseoSmile Crownplus (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&B MFH (ND), Dima C&B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). The specimens were printed using a DLP 3D-printer (ASIGA MAX UV), while LavaTM Ultimate (LU) and Telio CAD (TC) served as milled control materials. Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (E) were tested both before and after storage in distilled water and artificial saliva for 1, 30, and 90 days at 37 °C.
RESULTS
90° printed specimens exhibited higher HM than the other orientations at certain time points, but no significant differences were observed in HM and E between orientations for all 3D-printed materials after 90 days of ageing in both aging media. LU milled control material exhibited the highest HM and E among the tested materials, while TC, the other milled control, showed similar values to the 3D printed resins. CT and VCP (definitive resins) and ND displayed higher Martens parameters compared to DT and GC (temporary resins). The hardness of the 3D-printed materials was significantly impacted by artificial ageing compared to the controls, with ND having the least hardness reduction percentage amongst all 3D-printed materials. The hardness reduction percentage in distilled water and artificial saliva was similar for all materials except for TC, where higher reduction was noted in artificial saliva.
SIGNIFICANCE
The used 3D printed resins cannot yet be considered viable alternatives to milled materials intended for definitive restorations but are preferable for use as temporary restorations.
Topics: Printing, Three-Dimensional; Hardness; Materials Testing; Elastic Modulus; Dental Materials; Surface Properties; Composite Resins; Time Factors; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Resins, Synthetic
PubMed: 38735775
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.005 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024(1) : The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of different etching times and ethanol pre-treatments on the immediate bond strength of a...
(1) : The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of different etching times and ethanol pre-treatments on the immediate bond strength of a hydrophilic multi-mode universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Kuraray, UBQ) and on the consequent gelatinolytic activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) on radicular dentin. (2) : Sixty single-root teeth were selected and divided into four groups according to the adhesive protocol applied for fiber post cementation: (G1) 15 s HPO application + UBQ; (G2) 30 s HPO application + UBQ; (G3) 15 s HPO application + ethanol pre-treatment + UBQ; (G4) 30 s HPO + ethanol pre-treatment + UBQ. After adhesive procedures, fiber posts were luted into the post space with a dual-curing cement (DC Core, Kuraray) and light-cured for 40 s. To perform the push-out test and nanoleakage analyses for both coronal end apical areas, 1 mm slices were prepared, following a 24 h storage period in artificial saliva. Additionally, an in situ zymographic assay was conducted to explore endogenous MMP activity within the radicular layer. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Statistical significance was set at < 0.05. (3) : ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in push-out bond strength related to the pre-treatment variable but did not highlight any significance of etching time. Specimens pre-treated with ethanol wet bond application showed higher bond strength ( < 0.01). In situ zymography quantification analyses revealed that all tested groups, independently of etching time end ethanol pre-treatment, activated MMP gelatinolytic activity. A significant increase in MMP activity was detected for the 30 s etching time. However, ETOH pre-treatment significantly reduced MMP activity within the adhesive interface ( < 0.01). (4) : The tested adhesive showed similar results regardless of the etching time protocol. The gelatinolytic activity of MMPs was observed in all the groups. Further investigations and extended follow-ups are required to validate the results of the present study in vivo.
PubMed: 38731002
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092474 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2024A more optimized culture medium used in vitro to mimic the bacterial composition of original oral flora as similar as possible remains difficult at present, and the goal...
A more optimized culture medium used in vitro to mimic the bacterial composition of original oral flora as similar as possible remains difficult at present, and the goal of this study is to develop a novel oral biofilm medium to restore the original oral microbiome. Firstly, we conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed and summarized the current reported culture media in vitro. Seven culture media were found. We used mixed saliva as the origin of oral species to compare the effects of the above media in culturing oral multispecies biofilms. Results indicated that among the seven media brain heart infusion containing 1% sucrose (BHIs) medium, PG medium, artificial saliva (AS) medium, and SHI medium could obviously gain large oral biofilm in vitro. The nutrients contained in different culture media may be suitable for the growth of different oral bacteria; therefore, we optimized several novel media accordingly. Notably, results of crystal violet staining showed that the biofilm cultured in our modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium had the highest amount of biofilm biomass. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon index of biofilm cultured in MAS medium were also the highest among all the tested media. More importantly, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that the biofilm cultured in MAS medium was closer to the original saliva species. Besides, biofilm cultured by MAS was denser and produced more exopolysaccharides. MAS supported stable biofilm formation on different substrata. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel MAS medium that could culture oral biofilm in vitro closer to the original oral microbiome, showing a good application prospect. KEY POINTS: • We compare the effects of different media in culturing oral biofilms • A novel modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium was obtained in our study • The MAS medium could culture biofilm that was closer to oral microbiome.
Topics: Biofilms; Culture Media; Microbiota; Mouth; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Bacteria; Saliva, Artificial
PubMed: 38730049
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13149-8 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND
Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated (Zn-coated) SS orthodontic wires.
METHODS
Zinc coating was applied on SS wires by PVD method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic polarization tests and Tafel analysis methods were used to predict the corrosion behavior of Zn-coated and uncoated SS wires in both neutral and acidic environments.
RESULTS
The values of E ,i and Rwhich were the electrochemical corrosion characteristics, reported better corrosion behavior of Zn-coated SS wires against uncoated ones in both artificial saliva and fluoride-containing environments. Experimental results of the Tafel plot analyses were consistent with that of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses for both biological solutions.
CONCLUSION
Applying Zn coating on bare SS orthodontic wire by PVD method might increase the corrosion resistance of the underlying stainless-steel substrate.
Topics: Corrosion; Stainless Steel; Orthodontic Wires; Zinc; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Saliva, Artificial; Materials Testing; Dental Alloys; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Humans; Surface Properties; Potentiometry
PubMed: 38725023
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04242-5