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Frontiers in Oncology 2024Neuroendocrine prostate neoplasms, encompassing small cell carcinoma, carcinoid, and large cell carcinoma, are infrequently observed in malignant prostate tumors. The...
Neuroendocrine prostate neoplasms, encompassing small cell carcinoma, carcinoid, and large cell carcinoma, are infrequently observed in malignant prostate tumors. The occurrence of large cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (LCNEPC) is exceedingly rare. In this study, the patient initially presented with a persistent dysuria for a duration of one year, accompanied by a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 17.83ng/mL. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed that a neoplastic lesion was considered, and prostate biopsy confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 (4 + 3). Then, thoracoscopic lung tumor resection was performed, and the pathological examination revealed the presence of primary moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, the Gleason score was 8 (4 + 4). After 1 year of endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and bicalutamide, he underwent a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), the pathological report indicated the presence of adenocarcinoma mixed with NE carcinoma. Two months after the LRP, the patient experienced gross hematuria and sacral tail pain. Further examination revealed multiple metastatic lesions throughout the body. He also underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for bladder tumor and received etoposide+ cisplatin chemotherapy three weeks post-surgery. The patient eventually died of multi-organ failure due to myelosuppression after chemotherapy. This case report presents an uncommon instance of LCNEPC with widespread systemic metastases, while also providing a comprehensive review of existing literature to facilitate improved management and treatment strategies for similar patients in subsequent cases.
PubMed: 38812779
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1398673 -
Advances in Urology 2024Although routine surveillance imaging to examine upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence during follow-up of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is recommended,...
BACKGROUND
Although routine surveillance imaging to examine upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence during follow-up of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is recommended, its necessity remains invalidated. A single-institute long-term follow-up cohort study to evaluate the clinical impact of routine surveillance imaging and identify risk factors for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence after nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treatment was conducted.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A retrospective chart review of 864 patients with primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor between 1980 and 2020 was conducted. The opportunities to diagnose its recurrence were examined. Moreover, oncological outcomes included upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence-free survival and overall survival.
RESULTS
Of 864 patients, 19 (2.2%) experienced upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence. Among 19 patients, recurrence was detected through routine imaging in 12 (63.2%), cystoscopy in 2 (10.5%), urine cytology in 2 (10.5%), and presence of gross hematuria in 1 (5.3%). All patients had high- or highest-risk NMIBC at diagnosis of primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. On multivariate Fine-Gray proportional regression analyses, a tumor size of ≥30 mm and carcinoma in situ were independently associated with short upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence-free survival (=0.040 and 0.0089, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Most patients experiencing upper urinary tract urothelial cancer recurrence were diagnosed by routine surveillance imaging, suggesting its clinical importance, especially for patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer accompanied by a tumor size of ≥30 mm and carcinoma in situ.
PubMed: 38807901
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5894288 -
Heliyon May 2024Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is a widespread urological malignancy causing significant global mortality, often hindered by delayed diagnosis and limited treatments. BLCA...
Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is a widespread urological malignancy causing significant global mortality, often hindered by delayed diagnosis and limited treatments. BLCA frequently exhibits mutations, playing a pivotal role in its pathogenesis and underscoring the potential of targeting as a therapeutic approach for this prevalent urological malignancy. Tumor tissues from 50 bladder cancer patients were used for mutational analysis in 's mutation-rich exons (5, 7, & 8). The gene expression of the gene, along with a -target gene B-cell translocation gene 2 () was also assessed in the cDNA samples from the same BLCA tissues and 15 urine controls of healthy people. The analysis revealed 22 % of patients with somatic hotspot mutations, 18 % with pathogenic missense mutations, and 12 % with intronic variants. Patients with somatic mutations exhibited the worst prognosis, supported by survival analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BLCA data. Interestingly, H296Y missense mutation correlated with higher expression and improved survival, while intronic SNPs were linked to worse outcomes. Additionally, upregulated expression in mutated patients was observed which was correlated with poor prognosis, emphasizing the role of mutations in bladder cancer progression. The multivariate analysis highlighted the predictive power of mutations, with a high frequency of high-grade tumors (78.57 %) in mutated patients, underscoring their role in cancer progression. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the crucial role of mutations in bladder cancer patients from Bangladesh.
PubMed: 38803860
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31286 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2024Assessment of muscularis propria invasion is a crucial step in the management of urothelial carcinoma since it necessitates aggressive treatment. The diagnosis of...
Assessment of muscularis propria invasion is a crucial step in the management of urothelial carcinoma since it necessitates aggressive treatment. The diagnosis of muscle invasion is a challenging process for pathologists. Artificial intelligence is developing rapidly and being implemented in various fields of pathology. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for the detection of muscularis propria invasion in urothelial carcinoma. The Training cohort consisted of 925 images from 50 specimens of urothelial carcinoma. Ninety-seven images from 10 new specimens were used as a validation cohort. Clinical validation used 127 whole specimens with a total of 617 slides. The algorithm determined areas where tumor and muscularis propria events were in nearest proximity, and presented these areas to the pathologist. Analytical evaluation showed a sensitivity of 72% for muscularis propria and 65% for tumor, and a specificity of 46% and 77% for muscularis propria and tumor detection, respectively. The incorporation of the spatial proximity factor between muscularis propria and tumor in the clinical validation significantly improved the detection of muscularis propria invasion, as the algorithm managed to identify all except for one case with muscle invasive bladder cancer in the clinical validation cohort. The case missed by the algorithm was nested urothelial carcinoma, a rare subtype with unusual morphologic features. The pathologist managed to identify muscle invasion based on the images provided by the algorithm in a short time, with an average of approximately 5 s. The algorithm we developed may greatly aid in accurate identification of muscularis propria invasion by imitating the thought process of the pathologist.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Algorithms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Male; Female; Mucous Membrane; Aged; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38803309
DOI: 10.1177/15330338241257479 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024MicroRNA-875-5p (miR-875-5p) is a cancer-related microRNA. It has been demonstrated that miR-875-5p participates in the development of various types of cancer such as...
INTRODUCTION
MicroRNA-875-5p (miR-875-5p) is a cancer-related microRNA. It has been demonstrated that miR-875-5p participates in the development of various types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, prostate and bladder cancer. Previous research suggested that miR-875 is implicated in the development of cervical cancer cells. However, the exact role and function of miR-875-5p in cervical cancer remain unexplored. It is important to examine the role and function of miR-875-5p and the associated signaling pathway, as the findings may have diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of miR-875-5p on the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms.
METHODS
Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-875-5p in cervical cancer cells and normal cervical epithelium. After overexpression or co-expression of miR-875-5p in cells, the changes in cell function were analyzed. Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related proteins and autophagy-related proteins.
RESULTS
Functional studies demonstrated that miR-875-5p overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and promotes apoptosis and autophagy of cervical cancer cells., while miR-875-5p knockdown promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that overexpression of miR-875-5p downregulated the expressions of N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B I (LC3B I). Conversely, miR-875-5p upregulated the expression of E-cadherin.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-875-5p functions as a tumor inhibitor suppressing the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer. Overexpression of miR-875-5p inhibits malignant behavior and promotes autophagy and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. These findings advance our understanding of the role and function of miR-875-5p in cervical cancer and could facilitate the development of early genetic markers or biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cervical cancer.
PubMed: 38800376
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1361721 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) with...
UNLABELLED
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) with divergent characteristics, but their clinical relevance remains unclear. We translate scRNAseq-derived CAF cell-subpopulation-specific marker genes to bulk RNAseq data, and develop a single- sample classifier, DeCAF, for the classification of clinically rest raining and perm issive CAF subtypes. We validate DeCAF in 19 independent bulk transcriptomic datasets across four tumor types (PDAC, mesothelioma, bladder and renal cell carcinoma). DeCAF subtypes have distinct histology features, immune landscapes, and are prognostic and predict response to therapy across cancer types. We demonstrate that DeCAF is clinically replicable and robust for the classification of CAF subtypes in patients for multiple tumor types, providing a better framework for the future development and translation of therapies against permissive CAF subtypes and preservation of restraining CAF subtypes.
SIGNIFICANCE
We introduce a replicable and robust classifier, DeCAF, that delineates the significance of the role of permissive and restraining CAF subtypes in cancer patients. DeCAF is clinically tractable, prognostic and predictive of treatment response in multiple cancer types and lays the translational groundwork for the preclinical and clinical development of CAF subtype specific therapies.
PubMed: 38798565
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594197 -
Asian Journal of Surgery May 2024
PubMed: 38796363
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.078 -
World Journal of Urology May 2024Despite many efforts, no reliable urinary marker system has so far shown the potential to substitute cystoscopy. Measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urine...
PURPOSE
Despite many efforts, no reliable urinary marker system has so far shown the potential to substitute cystoscopy. Measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urine is a promising alternative. VOCs are metabolic products which can be measured from the headspace of urine samples. Previous studies confirmed that the urine of bladder tumor patients has a different VOC profile than healthy controls. In this pilot study, the feasibility of discriminating VOCs from urine of bladder cancer patients from that of healthy control subjects was investigated. Aim of this study was to investigate whether VOC-based diagnosis of bladder cancer from urine samples is feasible using multicapillary column ion mobility spectrometry (MCC/IMS) and to identify potential molecular correlates to the relevant analytes.
METHODS
Headspace measurements of urine samples of 30 patients with confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 30 healthy controls were performed using MCC/IMS. In the results of the measurements, peaks showing significant differences between both groups were identified and implemented into a decision tree with respect to achieve group separation. Molecular correlates were predicted using a pre-defined dataset.
RESULTS
Eight peaks with significantly differing intensity were identified, 5 of which were highly significant. Using a six-step decision tree, MCC/IMS showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 100% in group separation.
CONCLUSION
VOC-based detection of bladder cancer is feasible. MCC/IMS is a suitable method for urine-based diagnosis and should be further validated. The molecular characteristics and metabolic background of the analytes require further workup.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Volatile Organic Compounds; Pilot Projects; Ion Mobility Spectrometry; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Feasibility Studies; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38795133
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-05047-5 -
Viruses Apr 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic DNA virus, is the most common sexually transmitted virus and significant public health concern globally. Despite the substantial... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic DNA virus, is the most common sexually transmitted virus and significant public health concern globally. Despite the substantial prevalence of HPV infection among men, routine testing remains elusive due to the lack of approved HPV tests and the complexity of detection methods. Various studies have explored the link between HPV and genitourinary cancers, revealing different associations influenced by geographic variation, histological subtype and methodological differences. These findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the role of HPV in male urogenital cancers. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between HPV and male genitourinary cancers, shedding light on the virus's oncogenic mechanisms and its reported prevalence. A deeper understanding of HPV's implications for male health is essential for advancing public health initiatives and reducing the burden of urogenital cancers worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Male; Carcinogenesis; Urogenital Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Prevalence; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38793549
DOI: 10.3390/v16050667 -
Cancers May 2024Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) is considered for selected cases of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) as it maintains renal function and avoids morbidity associated... (Review)
Review
Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) is considered for selected cases of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) as it maintains renal function and avoids morbidity associated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). The appropriate selection of patients suitable for NSS without compromising oncological outcomes can sometimes be difficult, given the limitations of diagnostic modalities. Recurrence rates for UTUC can be as high as 36 to 54% after NSS. Intraluminal adjuvant therapy can be attempted following NSS to reduce recurrence, but delivery to the upper tract is more challenging than into the bladder. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy such as Mitomycin (MMC) have been administered via nephrostomy or ureteric catheter, which requires invasive/repeated instrumentation of the upper urinary tract. Drug delivery by reflux from bladder instillation along indwelling stents has also been tried but can potentially be unreliable. Recently, a gel formulation of mitomycin has been developed for the controlled exposure of the upper urinary tract to treatment over a number of hours. Drug-eluting stents to deliver chemotherapy to the upper urinary tract have been developed but have not yet entered clinical practice. Endoluminal phototherapy utilising an intravenous photosensitising agent is another novel approach that has recently been described. Intraluminal therapies may be beneficial in decreasing recurrence rates in UTUC, but currently have some limitations in their usage.
PubMed: 38792009
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101931