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Nutrients May 2024In this study, we prepared fermented products of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) and analyzed their nutrients, isoflavones, anti-obesity efficacy, and effects...
In this study, we prepared fermented products of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) and analyzed their nutrients, isoflavones, anti-obesity efficacy, and effects on gut microbiota. Fermented IESLs (FIESLs) were found to be rich in nutrients, especially lauric acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In addition, the concentrations of most essential free amino acids were increased compared to those of IESLs. The contents of bioactive compounds, such as total phenolic, total flavonoid, daidzein, and genistein, significantly increased as well. In addition, FIESLs administration in a high-fat diet (HFD) animal model improved the final body weight, epididymal fat, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and leptin levels, as well as reverting microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, these findings indicate that FIESLs have the potential to inhibit obesity caused by HFDs and serve as a modulator of gut microbiota, offering the prevention of diet-induced gut dysbiosis and metabolite diseases associated with obesity.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycine max; Animals; Plant Leaves; Fermentation; Isoflavones; Obesity; Male; Diet, High-Fat; Anti-Obesity Agents; Lactic Acid; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38892626
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111693 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This study is the first to report on the presence of oestrogenic compounds in different clover flower nectar samples, in bee-deposited nectars collected from hive combs...
This study is the first to report on the presence of oestrogenic compounds in different clover flower nectar samples, in bee-deposited nectars collected from hive combs (unripe honey) and in mature honeys harvested from the same hives. The clover species investigated were two red clover () cultivars, bred specifically for high isoflavone content, alongside a sainfoin () and a purple clover () cultivar. A total of eight isoflavones, four of them non-glycosidic (biochanin A, formononetin, genistein and daidzein) the others glycosidic (sissotrin, ononin, genistin and daidzin), were targeted for identification and quantification in this study using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Leaves and flower bracts of the clover samples were also investigated. Different isoflavone profiles were found across the four clover species and also in the different samples collected from each species indicating that, most likely due to the activity of honeybee () salivary enzymes, biochemical conversions take place when these bioactive compounds transition from flower nectar into ripe honey. Among the four investigated clover species, the two red clover cultivars, including their honeys, were found to contain higher levels of estrogenic compounds compared to other two cultivars.
PubMed: 38890968
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111739 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024In recent years, the world's attention has been drawn to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) because to the frightening prospect of growing death rates. Nanomaterials are...
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the world's attention has been drawn to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) because to the frightening prospect of growing death rates. Nanomaterials are being investigated due to their potential in a wide range of technical and biological applications.
METHODS
The purpose of this study was to biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using sp. SA17 fungal extract, followed by characterization of the produced nanoparticles (NP) using electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), UV-analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The HR-TEM revealed spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 7.2 nm, and XRD validated the crystalline nature and crystal structure features of the generated ZnONPs, while the zeta potential was 18.16 mV, indicating that the particles' surfaces are positively charged. The FT-IR was also used to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis of ZnONPs. The antibacterial and anticancer properties of both the crude fungal extract and its nano-form against several microbial strains and cancer cell lines were also investigated. Inhibition zone diameters against pathogenic bacteria ranged from 3 to 13 mm, while IC values against cancer cell lines ranged from 17.65 to 84.55 M. Additionally, 33 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, organic acids, anthraquinones, and lignans, were discovered through chemical profiling of the extract using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Some molecules, such pomiferin and glabrol, may be useful for antibacterial purposes, according to study, while daidzein 4'-sulfate showed promise as an anti-cancer metabolite.
PubMed: 38803373
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366614 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Phytochemical compounds in soy () foods, such as isoflavones, have...
BACKGROUND
The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Phytochemical compounds in soy () foods, such as isoflavones, have been reported for their anti-inflammatory properties.
AIM
the anti-inflammatory activity of DZ (daidzein) and EQ (equol) were investigated in an ex vivo model of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages and by molecular docking correlation.
METHODS
Cells were pre-treated with DZ (25, 50, and 100 µM) or EQ (5, 10, and 25 µM), followed by LPS stimulation. The levels of PGE, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA, whereas the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, ASC, caspase 1, and IL-18 were measured by Western blotting. Also, the potential for transcriptional modulation by targeting NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 was investigated by molecular docking.
RESULTS
The anti-inflammatory responses observed may be due to the modulation of NF-κB due to the binding of DZ or EQ, which is translated into decreased TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, and ASC levels.
CONCLUSION
This study establishes that DZ and EQ inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in peritoneal murine macrophages via down-regulation of NO and PGE generation, as well as the inhibition of the canonical inflammasome pathway, regulating NLRP3, and consequently decreasing IL-1β and IL-18 activation.
PubMed: 38794217
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050647 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Apr 2024Human gut bacterium Dorea sp. MRG-IFC3 is unique in that it only metabolizes puerarin, an isoflavone -glycoside, whereas it shows broad substrate glycosidase activity...
Human gut bacterium Dorea sp. MRG-IFC3 is unique in that it only metabolizes puerarin, an isoflavone -glycoside, whereas it shows broad substrate glycosidase activity for the various flavonoid Oglycosides. To address the question on the substrate specificity, as well as biochemical characteristics, cell-free biotransformation of flavonoid glycosides was performed under various conditions. The results showed that there are two different enzyme systems responsible for the metabolism of flavonoid -glycosides and -glycosides in the MRG-IFC3 strain. The system responsible for the puerarin conversion was inducible and comprised of two enzymes; one oxidizes puerarin to 3"-oxopuerarin and the other converts 3"-oxo-puearin to daidzein. The second enzyme was only active toward 3"-oxo-puerarin. The activity of puerarin conversion to daidzein was enhanced in the presence of Mn and NAD . It was concluded that puerarin C-deglycosylation by sp. MRG-IFC3 possibly adopts the same biochemical mechanism as the strain PUE, a species of
PubMed: 38754995
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03058 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024Germinated soybean is one kind of food and a medicine. In the actual process of producing a large amount of naturally germinated soybean, it is difficult to strictly...
Germinated soybean is one kind of food and a medicine. In the actual process of producing a large amount of naturally germinated soybean, it is difficult to strictly control the germination process conditions. However, sprout length may be more suitable as the terminal judgment indicator for naturally germinated soybean. An UPLC-DAD method was developed and validated to explore the transformation profiles of soybean isoflavones in germinated yellow or black soybean with different sprout lengths. Moreover, an LC - QTOF-MS/MS method was used to avoid false positive results. The contents of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein almost reached their corresponding maximum values when the sprout length ranged from 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm ( ). Therefore, yellow soybean is suggested to be the processing raw material with higher contents of those isoflavones, and the optimal sprout length for germinated soybean may be in the range of 1.0-1.5 cm.
PubMed: 38707783
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101413 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... May 2024Gastric cancer is considered a class 1 carcinogen that is closely linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which affects over 1 million people each...
Gastric cancer is considered a class 1 carcinogen that is closely linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which affects over 1 million people each year. However, the major challenge to fight against H. pylori and its associated gastric cancer due to drug resistance. This research gap had led our research team to investigate a potential drug candidate targeting the Helicobacter pylori-carcinogenic TNF-alpha-inducing protein. In this study, a total of 45 daidzein derivatives were investigated and the best 10 molecules were comprehensively investigated using in silico approaches for drug development, namely pass prediction, quantum calculations, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, Lipinski rule evaluation, and prediction of pharmacokinetics. The molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity between the target protein and the ligands. In addition, the stability of ligand-protein complexes was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Various parameters were analysed, including root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), hydrogen bond analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic cross-correlation matrix (DCCM). The results has confirmed that the ligand-protein complex CID: 129661094 (07) and 129664277 (08) formed stable interactions with the target protein. It was also found that CID: 129661094 (07) has greater hydrogen bond occupancy and stability, while the ligand-protein complex CID 129664277 (08) has greater conformational flexibility. Principal component analysis revealed that the ligand-protein complex CID: 129661094 (07) is more compact and stable. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed favourable interactions with the reported amino acid residues. Overall, this study suggests that daidzein derivatives in particular show promise as potential inhibitors of H. pylori.
Topics: Helicobacter pylori; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Isoflavones; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Protein Binding; Principal Component Analysis; Helicobacter Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 38693868
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18358 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024It is well known that daidzein has various significant medicinal values and health benefits, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic,...
It is well known that daidzein has various significant medicinal values and health benefits, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cholesterol lowering, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and so on. To our disappointment, poor solubility, low permeability and inferior bioavailability seriously limit its clinical application and market development. To optimize the solubility, permeability and bioavailability of daidzein, the cocrystal of daidzein and piperazine was prepared through a scientific and reasonable design, which was thoroughly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with theoretical calculation, detailed structural information on the cocrystal was clarified and validated. In addition, a series of evaluations on the pharmacogenetic properties of the cocrystal were investigated. The results indicated that the cocrystal of daidzein and piperazine possessed the favorable stability, increased solubility, improved permeability and optimized bioavailability of daidzein. Compared with the parent drug, the formation of cocrystal, respectively, resulted in 3.9-, 3.1-, 4.9- and 60.8-fold enhancement in the solubility in four different media, 4.8-fold elevation in the permeability and 3.2-fold in the bioavailability of daidzein. Targeting the pharmaceutical defects of daidzein, the surprising elevation in the solubility, permeability and bioavailability of daidzein was realized by a clever cocrystal strategy, which not only devoted assistance to the market development and clinical application of daidzein but also paved a new path to address the drug-forming defects of insoluble drugs.
Topics: Solubility; Biological Availability; Isoflavones; Piperazine; Permeability; Crystallization; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Animals; Crystallography, X-Ray; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Humans
PubMed: 38675529
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081710 -
Pharmaceutics Apr 2024Encapsulating antioxidant-rich plant extracts, such as those found in red clover, within microcapsules helps protect them from degradation, thus improving stability,...
Encapsulating antioxidant-rich plant extracts, such as those found in red clover, within microcapsules helps protect them from degradation, thus improving stability, shelf life, and effectiveness. This study aimed to develop a microencapsulation delivery system using chitosan and alginate for microcapsules that dissolve in both the stomach and intestines, with the use of natural and synthetic emulsifiers. The microcapsules were formed using the extrusion method and employing alginate or chitosan as shell-forming material. In this study, all selected emulsifiers formed Pickering (β-CD) and traditional (white mustard extract, polysorbate 80) stable emulsions. Alginate-based emulsions resulted in microemulsions, while chitosan-based emulsions formed macroemulsions, distinguishable by oil droplet size. Although chitosan formulations with higher red clover extract (C1) concentrations showed potential, they exhibited slightly reduced firmness compared to other formulations (C2). Additionally, both alginate and chitosan formulations containing β-CD released bioactive compounds more effectively. The combined use of alginate and chitosan microcapsules in a single pill offers an innovative way to ensure dual solubility in both stomach and intestinal environments, increasing versatility for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
PubMed: 38675191
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040530 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Thyroid cancer, particularly undifferentiated tumors, poses a significant challenge due to its limited response to standard therapies. The incidence of thyroid cancer,... (Review)
Review
Thyroid cancer, particularly undifferentiated tumors, poses a significant challenge due to its limited response to standard therapies. The incidence of thyroid cancer, predominantly differentiated carcinomas, is on the rise globally. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), though rare, is highly aggressive and challenging to treat. Therefore, this study aimed to collect data and explore alternative treatments, focusing on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with natural compounds as well as the potential role of phytochemicals, including quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, genistein, daidzein, naringenin, hesperitin, anthocyanidins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, curcumin, saponins, ursolic acid, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), capsaicin, and piperine in thyroid cancer treatment. PDT, utilizing sensitizers activated by tumor-directed light, demonstrates promising specificity compared to traditional treatments. Combining PDT with natural photosensitizers, such as hypericin and genistein, enhances cytotoxicity against thyroid carcinoma cells. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge on phytochemicals and their anti-proliferative effects in in vitro and in vivo studies, emphasizing their effectiveness and mechanism of action as a novel therapeutic approach for thyroid cancers, especially those refractory to standard treatments.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Neoplasms; Phytochemicals; Animals; Photochemotherapy; Phytotherapy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38674046
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084463