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PeerJ 2024This study aimed to compare the mechanical (lifting velocity and maximum number of repetitions), physiological (muscular activation, lactate, heart rate, and blood...
This study aimed to compare the mechanical (lifting velocity and maximum number of repetitions), physiological (muscular activation, lactate, heart rate, and blood pressure), and psychological (rating of perceived exertion) responses to upper-body pushing exercises performed wearing a sports elastomeric garment or a placebo garment. Nineteen physically active young adults randomly completed two training sessions that differed only in the sports garment used (elastomeric technology or placebo). In each session, subjects performed one set of seated shoulder presses and another set of push-ups until muscular failure. The dependent variables were measured immediately after finishing the set of each exercise. Compared to the placebo garment, the elastomeric garment allowed participants to obtain greater muscular activation in the pectoralis major (push-ups: = 0.04, = 0.49; seated shoulder press: < 0.01, = 0.64), triceps brachialis (push-ups, < 0.01, = 0.77; seated shoulder press: < 0.01, = 0.65), and anterior deltoid (push-ups: < 0.01, = 0.72; seated shoulder press: < 0.01, = 0.83) muscles. Similarly, participants performed more repetitions (push-ups: < 0.01; = 0.94; seated shoulder press: = 0.03, = 0.23), with higher movement velocity (all ≤ 0.04, all ≥ 0.47), and lower perceived exertion in the first repetition (push-ups: < 0.01, = 0.61; seated shoulder press: = 0.05; = 0.76) wearing the elastomeric garment compared to placebo. There were no between-garment differences in most cardiovascular variables (all ≥ 0.10). Higher diastolic blood pressure was only found after the seated shoulder press wearing the elastomeric garment compared to the placebo ( = 0.04; = 0.49). Finally, significantly lower blood lactate levels were achieved in the push-ups performed wearing the elastomeric garment ( < 0.01; = 0.91), but no significant differences were observed in the seated shoulder press ( = 0.08). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that elastomeric technology integrated into a sports garment provides an ergogenic effect on mechanical, physiological, and psychological variables during the execution of pushing upper-limb resistance exercises.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Resistance Training; Shoulder; Weight Lifting; Lactates; Clothing
PubMed: 38464757
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17008 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Jul 2024Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has allowed for the measurement of cerebral and skeletal muscle oxygenation simultaneously during exercise. Since this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has allowed for the measurement of cerebral and skeletal muscle oxygenation simultaneously during exercise. Since this technology has been growing and is now successfully used in laboratory and sports settings, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence and enhance an integrative understanding of blood flow adjustments and oxygen (O) changes (i.e., the balance between O delivery and O consumption) within the cerebral and muscle systems during exercise.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to search for relevant studies that simultaneously investigated cerebral and muscle hemodynamic changes using the near-infrared spectroscopy system during exercise. This review considered manuscripts written in English and available before February 9, 2023. Each step of screening involved evaluation by 2 independent authors, with disagreements resolved by a third author. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were included, of which 80% had good methodological quality, and involved 290 young or middle-aged adults. Different types of exercises were used to assess cerebral and muscle hemodynamic changes, such as cycling (n = 11), treadmill (n = 1), knee extension (n = 5), isometric contraction of biceps brachii (n = 3), and duet swim routines (n = 1). The cerebral hemodynamics analysis was focused on the frontal cortex (n = 20), while in the muscle, the analysis involved vastus lateralis (n = 18), gastrocnemius (n = 3), biceps brachii (n = 5), deltoid (n = 1), and intercostal muscle (n = 1). Overall, muscle deoxygenation increases during exercise, reaching a plateau in voluntary exhaustion, while in the brain, oxyhemoglobin concentration increases with exercise intensity, reaching a plateau or declining at the exhaustion point.
CONCLUSION
Muscle and cerebral oxygenation respond differently to exercise, with muscle increasing O utilization and cerebral tissue increasing O delivery during exercise. However, at the exhaustion point, both muscle and cerebral oxygenation become compromised. This is characterized by a reduction in blood flow and a decrease in O extraction in the muscle, while in the brain, oxygenation reaches a plateau or decline, potentially resulting in motor failure during exercise.
Topics: Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Exercise; Brain; Hemodynamics; Oxygen; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Adult
PubMed: 38462172
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.003 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 into a seasonal pathogen along with the emergence of new variants, underscores the need for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 into a seasonal pathogen along with the emergence of new variants, underscores the need for dynamic and adaptable responses, emphasizing the importance of sustained vaccination strategies. This observer-blind, double-dummy, randomized immunobridging phase 2 study (NCT05175742) aimed to compare the immunogenicity induced by two doses of 40 μg PTX-COVID19-B vaccine candidate administered 28 days apart, with the response induced by two doses of 30 µg Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2), administered 21 days apart, in Nucleocapsid-protein seronegative adults 18-64 years of age. Both vaccines were administrated via intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle. Two weeks after the second dose, the neutralizing antibody (NAb) geometric mean titer ratio and seroconversion rate met the non-inferiority criteria, successfully achieving the primary immunogenicity endpoints of the study. PTX-COVID19-B demonstrated similar safety and tolerability profile to BNT162b2 vaccine. The lowest NAb response was observed in subjects with low-to-undetectable NAb at baseline or no reported breakthrough infection. Conversely, participants who experienced breakthrough infections during the study exhibited higher NAb titers. This study also shows induction of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by PTX-COVID19-B. In conclusion, the vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B demonstrated favourable safety profile along with immunogenicity similar to the active comparator BNT162b2 vaccine.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Antibodies, Neutralizing; BNT162 Vaccine; CD59 Antigens; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; mRNA Vaccines; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38438427
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55320-1 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Feb 2024Acute exertional compartment syndrome (AECS) is a condition with the potential for devastating outcomes if not promptly treated. Physicians must maintain a high index of...
INTRODUCTION
Acute exertional compartment syndrome (AECS) is a condition with the potential for devastating outcomes if not promptly treated. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients presenting with pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, and numbness within a muscle compartment. However, AECS is frequently misdiagnosed due to a multitude of factors, leading to a delay in treatment. In this case report, we would like to shed light on a rare case of bilateral upper-extremity AECS and suggest the treatment paradigm we believe will help prevent negative outcomes.
CASE REPORT
A previously healthy 33-year-old male presented with bilateral weakness, tingling, tenderness, swelling, and pain upon movement in the trapezius and deltoid muscles. The symptoms started after he performed "burpees" for 18 h following a 12-h forest-fire firefighting shift. The patient's rapidly developing clinical presentation warranted compartmental pressure checks for suspicion of AECS. Being able to quickly determine the elevated trapezius, deltoid, and supraspinatus compartmental pressures allowed us to perform immediate bilateral fasciotomies with delayed primary closure to relieve compartment pressure.
CONCLUSION
The delay in treatment for patients presenting with AECS is multifactorial and may lead to devastating outcomes if not promptly addressed. The lack of literature regarding bilateral upper-extremity AECS makes the treatment for this condition even more difficult. For our patient, having a proper criterion for performing compartmental pressure checks played a vital role in ensuring an accurate diagnosis and timely medical intervention.
PubMed: 38420237
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i02.4234 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Nov 2023A 48-year-old male presented with proximal muscle weakness of the shoulder with difficulty in lifting objects above the shoulder in July 2012. Electromyogram was...
A 48-year-old male presented with proximal muscle weakness of the shoulder with difficulty in lifting objects above the shoulder in July 2012. Electromyogram was suggestive of chronic motor axonal loss with a myogenic pattern, and a deltoid muscle biopsy revealed groups of atrophic muscle fibers and hypertrophic fibers with pan fascicular atrophy suggestive of adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy. He was managed conservatively and developed bilateral pedal edema in August 2022. He had nephrotic range proteinuria, and renal biopsy revealed capillary wall thickening of glomeruli with serum PLA2R antibody positivity suggestive of primary membranous nephropathy. He was managed with telmisartan for 6 months, and there was a reduction in proteinuria. In January 2023, he was given Injection Rituximab due to worsening proteinuria. He failed to have a clinical resolution. This case report describes the management dilemma in membranous nephropathy with SMA due to the risk of toxic myopathies associated with tacrolimus and steroids.
PubMed: 38394420
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_337_23 -
Experimental and Clinical... Jan 2024Various sites have been used for parathyroid allotransplant, such as injection into the forearm, sternocleidomastoid, or deltoid muscles. However, transplant efficiency...
OBJECTIVES
Various sites have been used for parathyroid allotransplant, such as injection into the forearm, sternocleidomastoid, or deltoid muscles. However, transplant efficiency in these regions varies according to the results reported in the literature and also obtained from our previous studies. Using the omentum "as a natural incubator" for composite tissue-derived cell transplants to increase transplant success is possible.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To examine the efficiency of transplant sites for parathyroid allotransplant, we compared clinical cases from the literature and our experience with 23 cases. The omental transplant process is performed under general anesthesia by laparoscopic intervention. The abdominal cavity is visualized with an endocamera from a 5-mm trocar. With the help of a flexible catheter from another 5-mm trocar, microencapsulated or naked parathyroid cells are deposited on the omentum in approximately 30 mL of isotonic saline. The trocar sites are then sutured, and the surgery is terminated. Recipients were followed for 6 months with examination of biochemical parameters (parathormone, calcium, and phosphorus levels), medication use, and clinical scoring.
RESULTS
In the 23 patients who received parathyroid allotransplants over the omentum, 7 recipients did not exhibit any changes according to the scoring system criteria. However, on average, serum calcium and phosphorus levels remained within the healthy reference range. In addition, use of oral medications among patients decreased, indicating successful transplant survival. These results were consistent with a significant decrease in hypocalcemia symptoms among patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In the 23 patients, the success rate was 69.5% for the first 6-month period after transplant. Recent developments and large cohorts are needed to demonstrate the higher efficacy of parathyroid allotransplant over the omentum.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Omentum; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38385383
DOI: 10.6002/ect.MESOT2023.O17 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Feb 2024To summarize the influencing factors on the effectiveness of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the influencing factors on the effectiveness of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.
METHODS
The related research literature of RTSA at home and abroad was extensively consulted, and the factors that may affect the effectiveness were summarized from the aspects of surgical technique, muscle condition, general condition of patients, psychological expectation, and lifestyle.
RESULTS
For surgical techniques, different surgical approaches have their own advantages. The glenoid notch, poor bone ingrowth, increased bone resorption, and infection would lead to the loosening of glenoid prosthesis. In addition, the neck shaft angle and inclination angle of humeral prosthesis affect the occurrence of glenoid notch and the range of motion of joint internal/external rotation after operation, respectively. For muscle condition, the quality of teres minor and deltoid muscle has an important influence on joint stability after operation. Moderate increase of deltoid muscle tension can improve joint mobility after operation, and suture repair of subscapular tendon during operation can relieve joint pain and improve function, range of motion, and strength. For the general condition of patients, gender, age, and body mass index are all related to postoperative joint function and complications, and different occupations and postoperative exercise levels affect the recovery. The patients with severe degenerative diseases, poor preoperative function, and long disease duration have lower expectations and higher satisfaction with the effectiveness, and bad lifestyle has a negative impact on the effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
The effectiveness of RTSA is related to surgical technique, muscle condition, general condition of patients, psychological expectation, and lifestyle. In order to avoid the loosening of glenoid prosthesis, the operator should choose humeral prosthesis with small neck shaft angle and large glenoid ball and put them down and inclined inferiorly during operation, and choose appropriate approach to eliminate space with drainage to reduce the risk of infection. After operation, patients should avoid activities that generate high anterior and posterior shear forces. In addition, the humeral prosthesis with a inclination angle of 10°-20° can achieve the best balance between the range of internal rotation and external rotation after operation. Proper deltoid tension can maintain joint stability and good range of motion. Suture of subscapular tendon is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Shoulder Joint; Arthroplasty; Joint Prosthesis; Scapula; Range of Motion, Articular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38385235
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202310088 -
Radiology Case Reports May 2024As social distancing guidelines continue to diminish across the country, viral pathogens that were once absent during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as influenza and RSV,...
As social distancing guidelines continue to diminish across the country, viral pathogens that were once absent during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as influenza and RSV, have once again become prominent. Although serious side effects of vaccinations are rare, local complications of bursitis and skin and soft tissue infections are well-documented in the literature. We present a case of 1 such rare side effect: influenza vaccine related periostitis. A 39-year-old male patient presented with left shoulder pain which developed 2 days after an influenza vaccination administered to the left deltoid. His symptoms were persistent despite rest and 1 week trial of NSAIDs. MRI imaging demonstrated marrow edema and a periosteal reaction of the left shoulder. Overall, vaccine induced periostitis is poorly documented in the literature and the pathophysiology has not been fully characterized. Further research is crucial to identify patient specific risk factors and to raise awareness of this rare complication to promote swift diagnosis and effective treatment.
PubMed: 38384696
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.01.041 -
Asian Journal of Surgery May 2024Surgical repair of rotator cuff tears is performed routinely; however, the risks of re-tears and the associated consequences are significant. Sonoelastography, an... (Review)
Review
Surgical repair of rotator cuff tears is performed routinely; however, the risks of re-tears and the associated consequences are significant. Sonoelastography, an imaging modality that evaluates the mechanical properties of tissues, can examine the dynamic transitions in rotator cuff stiffness following retear and investigate the relationship between these changes and the occurrences of retears. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of perioperative sonoelastography in repaired rotator cuffs. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted, covering studies published until June 19, 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. The key information extracted from each study included the injury/surgery type, follow-up duration, sonoelastography mode, and main sonoelastographic findings. Eleven eligible studies comprising 355 patients were included. All studies focused on supraspinatus muscles and tendons with previous arthroscopic repairs. During the postoperative 1st - 6th months, muscle stiffness increased in the supraspinatus and decreased in the ipsilateral deltoid. Failure to recover supraspinatus muscle elasticity might be indicative of potential tendon re-tear; however, it is imperative to first establish correlations with other imaging modalities. Conflicting findings have been observed regarding stiffening or softening of the supraspinatus tendon after surgical repair. The preoperative stiffness of the supraspinatus tendon did not correlate with postoperative tendon integrity or function.
Topics: Humans; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Rotator Cuff; Arthroscopy; Elasticity
PubMed: 38383203
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.02.094 -
Asian Spine Journal Feb 2024Retrospective analysis of case series.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of case series.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to clarify the effects of full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (FPCF) on cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA).
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE
The method for decompressing the ventral nerve root and anterior horn (AH) in CSA is controversial.
METHODS
Patients without myelopathy who underwent FPCF for proximal CSA between 2017 and 2022 were analyzed. The outcome measure was the results of the manual muscle testing (MMT) of the deltoid and biceps. Preoperative nerve root and AH compression were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. The intervertebral foramen morphology and bony decompression extent were evaluated by computed tomography.
RESULTS
FPCF was performed at the C4/5 level and at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 14 and 11 patients, respectively. The width of the narrowest intervertebral foramen was significantly narrower on the affected side than on the healthy side at the C4/5 (2.5 mm vs. 3.6 mm) and operated C5/6 (1.9 mm vs. 3.1 mm) levels. AH compression occurred at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 28% and 21% of the patients, respectively. Bony decompression was performed laterally beyond the narrowest foramen at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels in 96% and 91% of the patients, respectively. Compared with patients without AH compression, in those with AH compression, the lamina was resected medially by an average of >1.7 mm and >3.6 mm at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels, respectively. Furthermore, 76% and 81% of the facet joint surfaces were preserved at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels, respectively. Postoperative MMT grade improvement was excellent, good, and fair in 64%, 20%, and 16% of the patients, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
FPCF was effective for treating proximal CSA.
PubMed: 38379143
DOI: 10.31616/asj.2023.0206