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BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Tooth extraction in children requires attention to wound healing and pain management, which are influenced by patient-related factors and behavioral guidance.
INTRODUCTION
Tooth extraction in children requires attention to wound healing and pain management, which are influenced by patient-related factors and behavioral guidance.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on healing sockets in pediatric patients with bilateral primary molar teeth extraction and determine its impact on pain management.
METHODS
6-10 years of age, systemically healthy, and with atraumatic extraction indications of bilateral primary molar teeth were included in the study (n = 40). In the first session, randomly selected teeth were extracted under local anesthesia. In the control group, only clot formation in the socket was observed and photographed. The other group extractions were performed 2 weeks later. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) group was treated with a 980 nm wavelength, in a continuous emission mode, 0.5 W power, 300 J of energy, 400 µm tip, 60 s diode laser and photographed. Nonepithelialized surface measurements were performed using ImageJ. Pain assessment was performed using the Wong-Baker Pain Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the Wong-Baker values in 3rd day (p < 0.05). In soft tissue healing on the 3rd and 7th day, the nonepithelialized surface of the laser socket was smaller than that of the control group, and the measurement results were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Although LLLT was not found to be very effective in reducing postoperative discomfort after extraction of primary molars, it provided better wound healing in extraction sockets.
Topics: Humans; Child; Low-Level Light Therapy; Wound Healing; Tooth Extraction; Pain Management; Molar
PubMed: 38500156
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04145-5 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Mar 2024A defective socket is common after tooth extraction in the esthetic zone, but whether an implant can be immediately placed in a defective socket is unclear. (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A defective socket is common after tooth extraction in the esthetic zone, but whether an implant can be immediately placed in a defective socket is unclear.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize relevant studies within the last 20 years on implant survival and changes in soft and hard tissues after immediate implant placement in esthetic areas with socket defects.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was conducted for the relevant studies in the PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January 2000 to March 2022. The literature review, data retrieval, and judgment whether the included studies had a risk of bias were handled independently by 2 reviewers, and a single-arm meta-analysis was performed using a statistical software program.
RESULTS
A total of 23 studies evaluating the immediate implant placement of 630 implants (9 studies without a flap and 14 studies with a flap) were included. A 98.1% implant survival rate (95% confidence interval (CI): 96.2%, 100.0%) was determined. Marginal bone loss (MBL) at 6, 12, and ≥24 months were 1.03 mm (95%CI: 1.02, 1.03), 0.72 mm (0.72, 0.73), and 1.15 mm (1.14, 1.16). Gingival recession at 12 months was 0.25 mm (95%CI: 0.17, 0.33). The pink esthetic score (PES) were 12.34 (95%CI: 12.16, 12.52) at 12 months and 12.58 (12.39, 12.76) at ≥24 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence shows that immediate implant placement into defective sockets in esthetic areas is feasible. Immediate implant placement can have a relatively good therapeutic effect in terms of implant survival rate, MBL, gingival recession, and PES.
PubMed: 38493065
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.02.022 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background Oral cancer is found to be the thirteenth most common cancer as stated by the WHO (World Health Organization 2023). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is...
Background Oral cancer is found to be the thirteenth most common cancer as stated by the WHO (World Health Organization 2023). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with deleterious oral habits such as smoking, chewing tobacco and betel quid, alcohol consumption, low socioeconomic status, sharp teeth, and various causative factors. Materials and methods A three-year retrospective analysis (March 2020-September 2023) was carried out with the available patient records in the Dental Information Archival Software (DIAS) used in a private dental college in Chennai. The demographic data such as age, gender, and habit duration and clinicopathological data such as the anatomical site; tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging; perineural invasion (PNI); lymphovascular invasion (LVI); and oral health-related quality of life were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Males (78.35%) more commonly reported OSCC than females (21.62%), and the majority of them were in the age category of fifth to seventh decades of life. The most affected region was the buccal mucosa with 33.3%, followed by the lower alveolus with 30.63%. The duration of harmful habits varied from one year to more than 40 years, and the majority of the patients had T4a staging (40.54%), followed by T2 staging (29.73%) with a habit duration of more than five years. Approximately 22.52% and 0.9% had PNI and LVI, respectively. The correlation between the two variables was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test and was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05), i.e., habit to gender and staging with gender were p = 0.027 and p = 0.028, respectively. Conclusion The majority of cases reported were found to be at T4a tumor staging with a habitual duration of more than five years, and more than half of the study population had severe compromise in their quality of life. The presence of perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion has an impact on nodal metastasis, treatment choices, recurrence, and oral health-related quality of life. To address this challenge, oral health programs can implement comprehensive antitobacco counseling strategies, oral cancer public awareness programs to tackle the rising incidence of OSCC, and early oral precancer screening measures to enhance the prevention and overall quality of life of individuals with oral cancer.
PubMed: 38476798
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54001 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research May 2024Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity of experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)?
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defects or extraction socket healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and the assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF.
RESULTS
Overall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as 'box-defects' (BD) or 'cylinder-defects' (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta-analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87%-63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47%-57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48%-71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53%-47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket-healing [48.74% RDF (40.35%-57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57%-48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I > 90%).
CONCLUSION
A substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
Topics: Animals; Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone Regeneration; Disease Models, Animal; Swine; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing
PubMed: 38450852
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14253 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2023To determine the clinico-radiographic efficiency of partially demineralized dentin matrix block (PDDM block), a mixture of PDDM with advanced-platelet-rich fibrin+...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the clinico-radiographic efficiency of partially demineralized dentin matrix block (PDDM block), a mixture of PDDM with advanced-platelet-rich fibrin+ (A-PRF+) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin versus A-PRF+ alone in alveolar socket preservation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen molar teeth indicated for extraction were randomly assigned into two groups. For the test group, sockets were packed with PDDM block and control group, with A-PRF+ plug alone. Clinical and radiographic cone-beam computed tomography methods were used to assess the horizontal and vertical ridge dimensional changes at baseline and 4 months.
RESULTS
Clinically, the mid buccal and palatal crestal height (10.25 ± 0.86 and 9.75 ± 0.28 mm) and alveolar ridge width (11.37 ± 0.25 mm) were significantly higher in the test group as compared to the control group, 4 months after tooth extraction ( < 0.01). Radiographically, there was improved apposition and nonsignificant resorption for the test group in ridge height and width, whereas statistically significant higher resorption was seen in the control group at 4 months.
CONCLUSION
The application of the PDDM block demonstrated efficacy in maintaining the dimensions of the extraction socket when compared to A-PRF+ alone. This autologous and immune-free regenerative biomaterial is widely obtainable, offering a glimpse into the potential of next-generation biofuels for regeneration.
PubMed: 38434501
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_43_23 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2024To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review is based on the PRISMA statement. A literature search incorporated observational studies from the last 21 years. An investigative question was formulated using the PICO model, studies were selected, and a quality analysis was performed using the modified STROBE guidelines. A bibliometric analysis was performed, and the data were examined.
RESULTS
Thirteen articles were included, with the majority evaluating periodontal status. Others analyzed factors such as the presence of alveolar osteitis, oral candidiasis, and salivary microbiome dysbiosis. Ten articles were deemed to have a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction and increase the presence of the Candida species in the oral cavity. They also affect the periodontium, such as the frequent development of gingivitis, but do not lead to changes in the salivary microbiome.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The increasing number of women using hormonal contraceptives and the knowledge that these contraceptives can produce oral cavity alterations underscore the need to evaluate the oral manifestations found in these women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dry Socket; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Periodontium; Gingivitis; Contraception
PubMed: 38427087
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05573-x -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe cheek teeth extraction by the sectioning technique, the decision making to use this technique and its...
The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe cheek teeth extraction by the sectioning technique, the decision making to use this technique and its potentially associated complications. Sectioning for dental extraction purpose was used in 29/461 (6.3%) of cases. Oro-sinusal fistula was the main post-operative complication, with 4/29 (13.7%) cases developing a macroscopic communication between the alveolus of the tooth extracted and the adjacent sinus compartment. All teeth where sectioning was attempted were successfully extracted. Sectioning for dental extraction appears to be a safe technique that can be used instead of or in addition too other minimal invasive cheek teeth extraction techniques. Thorough preoperative planning including oroscopic examination and medical imaging modalities are required to help in decision making, as well as excellent sedation and analgesia and horse compliance.
PubMed: 38425840
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1367861 -
Journal of Oral Science Apr 2024Alveolar osteitis (dry sockets) is a painful condition characterized by a limited immune response. It is typically caused by the removal of blood clots from extracted...
PURPOSE
Alveolar osteitis (dry sockets) is a painful condition characterized by a limited immune response. It is typically caused by the removal of blood clots from extracted tooth sockets, which leads to the fermentation of trapped food remnants by oral bacteria in the cavities, producing high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study examined the effects of SCFAs on immunity and bone metabolism.
METHODS
Mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells were treated with oral bacteria supernatants or SCFA mixtures, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were determined by western blot. The same cells were treated with SCFA mixtures in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoclast-like cells were counted. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with SCFA mixtures and stained with alizarin red S.
RESULTS
Raw264.7 cells treated with oral bacterial culture supernatants of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS production, likely due to SCFA content. SCFA mixtures mimicking these supernatants inhibited the number of RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and MC3T3-E1 cell mineralization.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that SCFAs produced by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum may reduce the inflammatory response and mildly induce mineralization of the alveolar walls. These results may contribute to the understanding of alveolar osteitis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dry Socket; Osteoclasts; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 38417878
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0410 -
Incidence and Management of Tooth Root Fracture in Mandibular Fracture Line - A Retrospective Study.Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2023In cases of trauma, the most common fractures of the facial region are the nasal bone fractures followed by mandibular fractures. About 60% of mandible fractures are...
INTRODUCTION
In cases of trauma, the most common fractures of the facial region are the nasal bone fractures followed by mandibular fractures. About 60% of mandible fractures are associated with teeth in the fracture line; however conversely, the dentulous mandible has a higher susceptibility of fracture in any impact. Whenever a tooth is involved in the fracture line, it is not unlikely that the tooth root fracture will be associated with it. The prognosis and treatment of such a tooth persistent in a fracture line depends upon the level of tooth root fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in a Meerut hospital. The eligibility criteria were based on the cases involving fracture line passing through the teeth bearing area of mandible. Total of 56 cases of mandibular fracture treated from January 2021 till December 2022 by open reduction and fixation were included in the study.
RESULTS
A total of 56 patients (66 fracture lines) with mandibular fractures were selected, out of which 18 (32%) patients had fracture of the root of the tooth in the fracture line. Third molar root fracture were present in 12 cases (66.6%), first premolars in 4 cases (22.2%), and first molars in 2 cases (11.1%). There were 14 multi rooted teeth (77.7%) and 4 single rooted teeth (22.2%) involvement. All the multi rooted teeth fracture were treated by extraction during open reduction and fracture fixation. The single rooted teeth were successfully treated by endodontic treatment postoperatively.
DISCUSSION
The fracture line passing through the dentate segment may fracture the tooth crown and/or root or propagate through the socket without any injury to the root. Root fracture at cervical and middle third is constantly exposed to oral fluids. The affected tooth may be mobile and lose vitality. Teeth in the line of fracture must be removed when they preclude the correct reduction of the segments or if they represent a risk for infection. If the tooth or root does not cause any hindrance during reduction or it is not infected, the tooth can be salvaged by endodontic therapy. The incidence of root fracture was seen in 32% of cases. Fracture of the third molar roots was the single largest group (66.6%). No root fracture was observed in the anterior segment.
PubMed: 38405552
DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_136_23 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024A postextraction socket becomes a clinical challenge due to the fact that a series of changes associated with bone remodelling and resorption of the socket that occur...
A postextraction socket becomes a clinical challenge due to the fact that a series of changes associated with bone remodelling and resorption of the socket that occur after extraction, which limits the aesthetic and functional prognosis of implant-supported rehabilitations. It has been studied that the use of the autologous tooth-derived graft (ATDG) has regenerative properties and could therefore be useful for solving this type of problem. There is no consensus in the scientific literature on a standardized protocol for the use of the autologous tooth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the most relevant parameters to achieve the best properties of ground ATDG using three methods, namely Gouge forceps, electric grinder, and manual, that made up the study group (SG) and compared with the control group (CG) consisting of Bio-Oss. The sample obtained by the electric grinder had the highest value of specific surface area (2.4025 ± 0.0218 m/g), while the particle size as average diameter (751.9 µm) was the lowest and most homogeneous of the three groups. Therefore, the electric grinder allowed for obtaining ATDG with more regenerative properties due to its specific surface-area value and particle size in accordance with the xenograft with the greatest bibliographical support (Bio-Oss). The higher specific surface increases the reaction with the physiological media, producing faster biological mechanisms.
PubMed: 38399026
DOI: 10.3390/ma17040773