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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024High occlusal forces in patients with untreated periodontitis may reflect occlusal trauma-associated periodontal conditions. Occlusal analysis using T-scan might provide...
BACKGROUND
High occlusal forces in patients with untreated periodontitis may reflect occlusal trauma-associated periodontal conditions. Occlusal analysis using T-scan might provide the distribution of occlusal loading forces in periodontitis patients. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of occlusal trauma in periodontitis patients and occlusal calibration using a T-scan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 30 periodontitis patients were recruited for the study. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group I: scaling and root planing followed by T-scan recording and no occlusal calibration; Group II: scaling and root planing followed by occlusal calibration using T-scan. Clinical parameters, orthopantomogram (OPG) and T-scan evaluation were evaluated at baseline, 3-month and 6-month intervals.
RESULTS
Significant improvements in clinical parameters were noted at different time intervals after occlusal calibration using T-scan. At 3-month intervals, mean pocket depth showed statistically significant difference among the test group in the right (upper and lower) and left lower quadrant at P = 0.01, 0.002 and 0.005, respectively. Mean clinical attachment level (CAL) showed statistically significant difference among the test group in the right upper, right lower and left lower quadrants at P = 0.02, 0.001 and 0.009, respectively, at 3 months. The comparison of the mean gingival index (GI) at 6 months showed statistically significant difference among test and control groups at 6 months in different study quadrants (P = 1 in right upper, 0.009 in right lower, <0.001 in left upper and <0.001 in left lower). Mean pocket depth at the 6-month follow-up showed statistically significant difference among the test group in all the study quadrants (P = <0.001 in right upper, <0.001 in right lower, 0.003 in left upper and 0.005 in left lower). Mean CAL showed statistically significant difference among the test group in all the study quadrants at 6-month intervals (P = 0.02 in right upper, <0.001 in right lower, 0.01 in left upper and 0.04 in left lower). The bone defect height showed a statistically significant difference only in the right upper quadrant among both the test groups at the 6-month follow-up (P = 0.02). Comparing the mean percentage of force on both sides of the jaw showed a statistically significant difference among the test group at 6 months (P = 0.001 on the left side and 0.001 on the right side).
CONCLUSION
The occlusal correction using T-scan showed a positive association between probing pocket depth (PPD) and CAL at different time intervals from baseline to 6 months when these parameters were compared after occlusal adjustments.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Periodontitis; Middle Aged; Radiography, Panoramic; Bite Force; Root Planing; Dental Scaling; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Calibration
PubMed: 38934744
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_40_23 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Alveolar preservation techniques for esthetic or functional purposes, or both, are a frequently used alternative for the treatment of post-extraction sockets, the aim of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Alveolar preservation techniques for esthetic or functional purposes, or both, are a frequently used alternative for the treatment of post-extraction sockets, the aim of which is the regeneration of the lesion and the preservation of the alveolar bone crest.
METHODS
Studies published in PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to January 2024 were consulted. Inclusion criteria were established as intervention studies, according to the PICOs strategy: adult subjects undergoing dental extractions (participants), with alveoli treated with bone mineral grafts and collagen membranes (intervention), compared to spontaneous healing (comparison), and observing the response to treatment in clinical and radiological measures of the alveolar bone crest (outcomes).
RESULTS
We obtained 561 results and selected 12 studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Due to the high heterogeneity of the studies (I > 75%), a random-effects meta-analysis was used. Despite the trend, no statistical significance ( > 0.05) was found in the experimental groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of bone mineral grafts in combination with resorbable collagen barriers provides greater preservation of the alveolar ridge, although more clinical studies are needed.
PubMed: 38927801
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060565 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024The masticatory function of patients with skeletal anterior open bite (OPEN) is reported to be impaired compared with that of patients with normal occlusion (NORM). In...
The masticatory function of patients with skeletal anterior open bite (OPEN) is reported to be impaired compared with that of patients with normal occlusion (NORM). In this study, we compared brain blood flow (BBF) in patients with OPEN and NORM and investigated the factors related to BBF during mastication in patients with OPEN. The study included 17 individuals with NORM and 33 patients with OPEN. The following data were collected: number of occlusal contacts, jaw movement variables during mastication, and BBF measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during chewing. The number of occlusal contacts, maximum closing and opening speeds, closing angle, and vertical amplitude were smaller in the OPEN than in the NORM group. Interestingly, BBF increased less in the OPEN group. Correlation analysis revealed that several parameters, including number of occlusal contacts and closing angle, were correlated with changes in BBF during mastication. These results suggest that not only occlusion but also jaw movement variables and factors related to masticatory muscles contribute to the chewing-related increase in BBF. In conclusion, BBF increases less during mastication in patients with OPEN than in those with NORM. In addition, the higher increase in BBF is correlated with jaw movement. Together, we discovered that OPEN exhibits significant adverse effects not only on masticatory function but also on brain function.
PubMed: 38920862
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060161 -
Cureus May 2024Some conditions known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect surrounding muscles and jaw joints. In dentistry, there has been discussion and research on the... (Review)
Review
Some conditions known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect surrounding muscles and jaw joints. In dentistry, there has been discussion and research on the connection between TMDs and occlusion, which is how the upper and lower teeth meet. Although some dental experts have proposed a direct link between TMDs and occlusion, the specifics of this relationship are still unclear and have many facets. More particularly, the research facets of "occlusion" remain one of the most contentious subjects in TMDs. This abstract aims to provide an overview of TMDs and occlusion, summarizing the key points from the literature. The etiological factors contributing to the TMDs, including occlusal, psychological, and hormonal factors, are also analyzed. The second part of the article includes the concept of malocclusion, emphasizing its significance in masticatory function and overall health. Anterior open and posterior open bites and the potential influence of occlusal factors on TMDs are elucidated.
PubMed: 38919245
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61108 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Symmetrical and coordinated dental and alveolar arches are crucial for achieving proper occlusion. This study aimed to explore the association between dental and...
BACKGROUND
Symmetrical and coordinated dental and alveolar arches are crucial for achieving proper occlusion. This study aimed to explore the association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms in children with both normal occlusion and malocclusion.
METHODS
209 normal occlusion subjects (5-13 years, mean 8.48 years) and 199 malocclusion subjects (5-12 years, mean 8.19 years) were included. The dentoalveolar arch form was characterized by the smoothest projected curve representing the layered contour of the buccal alveolar bone, referred to as the LiLo curve. Subsequently, a polynomial function was utilized to assess dental and dentoalveolar arch forms. To facilitate separate analyses of shape (depth/width ratio) and size (depth and width), the widths of dental and dentoalveolar arch forms were normalized. The normalized dental and dentoalveolar arch forms (shapes) were further classified into 6 groups, termed dental/dentoalveolar arch clusters, using the k-means algorithm.
RESULTS
The association between dental and dentoalveolar arch clusters was found to be one-to-many rather than one-to-one. The mismatch between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms is common in malocclusion, affecting 11.4% of the maxilla and 9.2% of the mandible, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
There are large individual variations in the association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms. Early orthodontic treatment may play an active role in coordinating the relationship between the dental and dentoalveolar arch forms.
Topics: Humans; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Arch; Malocclusion; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Alveolar Process; Dental Occlusion
PubMed: 38918757
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04515-z -
Cureus May 2024Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical objectives in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis are to establish joint movement, prevent relapse, and achieve normal growth and development. Here, we present an operated case ofsurgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia; however, the patient came back after three years due to unsatisfactory results and underwent bilateral coronoidectomy and gap arthroplasty. Bones were osteotomized at the LeFort I level and the maxillary segment was down-fractured and mobilized to bring into occlusion with the mandible. In the present case, the lower pharyngeal airway changed from 5 mm pre-treatment to 10 mm post-treatment, and the facial angle was changed from 73 to 84 post-treatment. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway is done with a high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea and facial deformity is mandatory in the management of TMJ ankylosis.
PubMed: 38910750
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60857 -
Korean Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024Understanding the orofacial characteristics and growth patterns in children is essential for both orthodontics and research on children with orofacial abnormalities....
OBJECTIVE
Understanding the orofacial characteristics and growth patterns in children is essential for both orthodontics and research on children with orofacial abnormalities. However, a concise resource of normative data on the size and relative position of these structures in different populations is not available. Our objective was to aggregate normative data to assess the growth of the orofacial skeletal structures in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion.
METHODS
The MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on cephalometric measurement of skeletal tissues and a study population ≤ 18 years with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion. Key study parameters were extracted, and knowledge was synthesized. A quality appraisal was performed using a 10-point scale.
RESULTS
The final selection comprised of 12 longitudinal and 33 cross-sectional studies, the quality of which ranged from good to excellent. Our results showed that from childhood to adulthood, the length of the cranial base increased significantly while the cranial base angle remained constant; both the maxilla and mandible moved forward and downward. The profile becomes straighter with age.
CONCLUSIONS
Growth patterns in children with a well-balanced face and normal occlusion follow accepted theories of growth.
PubMed: 38898629
DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.224 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024To evaluate the effect of the labiolingual diameter and construction of an endodontically treated (ET) anterior tooth with crown restoration on stress distribution and...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of the labiolingual diameter and construction of an endodontically treated (ET) anterior tooth with crown restoration on stress distribution and biomechanical safety under occlusal loading.
METHODOLOGY
Three-dimensional finite element models were generated for maxillary central incisors with all-ceramic crown restorations. The labiolingual diameters of the tooth, defined as the horizontal distance between the protrusion of the labial and lingual surfaces, were changed as follows: (D1) 6.85 mm, (D2) 6.35 mm, and (D3) 5.85 mm. The model was constructed as follows: (S0) vital pulp tooth; (S1) ET tooth; (S2) ET tooth with a 2 mm ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core; (S3) ET tooth without a ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core. A total of 12 models were developed. In total, two force loads (100 N) were applied to the crown's incisal edge and palatal surface at a 45° oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the teeth. The Von Mises stress distribution and maximum stress of the models were analyzed.
RESULTS
Regardless of the loading location, stress concentration and maximum stress (34.07~66.78MPa) in all models occurred in the labial cervical 1/3 of each root. Both labiolingual diameter and construction influenced the maximum stress of the residual tooth tissue, with the impact of the labiolingual diameter being greater. A reduction in labiolingual diameter led to increased maximum stress throughout the tooth. The ferrule reduced the maximum stress of the core of S2 models (7.15~10.69 MPa), which is lower compared with that of S3 models (19.45~43.67 MPa).
CONCLUSION
The labiolingual diameter exerts a greater impact on the biomechanical characteristics of ET anterior teeth with crown restoration, surpassing the influence of the construction. The ferrule can reduce the maximum stress of the core and maintain the uniformity of stress distribution.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Crowns; Tooth, Nonvital; Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Incisor; Composite Resins; Dental Stress Analysis; Post and Core Technique; Reproducibility of Results; Stress, Mechanical; Reference Values; Bite Force; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Dental Prosthesis Design; Materials Testing; Tooth Crown
PubMed: 38896638
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0439 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Jun 2024The morphology and biomechanics of infant crania undergo significant changes between the pre- and post-weaning phases due to increasing loading of the masticatory...
The morphology and biomechanics of infant crania undergo significant changes between the pre- and post-weaning phases due to increasing loading of the masticatory system. The aims of this study were to characterize the changes in muscle forces, bite forces and the pattern of mechanical strain and stress arising from the aforementioned forces across crania in the first 48 months of life using imaging and finite element methods. A total of 51 head computed tomography scans of normal individuals were collected and analysed from a larger database of 217 individuals. The estimated mean muscle forces of temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid increase from 30.9 to 87.0 N, 25.6 to 69.6 N and 23.1 to 58.9 N, respectively (0-48 months). Maximum bite force increases from 90.5 to 184.2 N (3-48 months). There is a change in the pattern of strain and stress from the calvaria to the face during postnatal development. Overall, this study highlights the changes in the mechanics of the craniofacial system during normal development. It further raises questions as to how and what level of changes in the mechanical forces during the development can alter the morphology of the craniofacial system.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Bite Force; Biomechanical Phenomena; Skull; Child, Preschool; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Finite Element Analysis; Female; Male; Mastication; Adaptation, Physiological; Infant, Newborn; Stress, Mechanical; Masticatory Muscles
PubMed: 38889789
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0654 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024This study aimed to conduct a human study to determine the incidence of postobturation pain using different parameters. In this cross-sectional study, 240 patients were...
Incidence of Postoperative Pain After Single- and Multiple-Visit Root Canal Treatment in Patients Reporting in the Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.
This study aimed to conduct a human study to determine the incidence of postobturation pain using different parameters. In this cross-sectional study, 240 patients were included, which were equally allocated into two groups: single visit and multiple visit, 120 in each. Patients in both the single and multiple visits were further categorized into two subgroups, subgroup 1-no occlusal reduction and subgroup 2-occlusion reduction each having 60 patients. Corresponding to the type of visit, patients were followed by the role of medication into two groups, subgroup 1-both analgesics and antibiotics, subgroup 2-only analgesics, and subgroup 3-no medication. Following this approach and the criteria of the study, patients' performa was made, and based on this performa, the intensity of subjective symptoms, particularly postobturation pain, was determined using the visual analog scale (VAS). The data were then analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results were such that a single visit, no occlusal reduction, and only analgesics will be better for patients with irreversible pulpitis as chosen in the present study. Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that single-sitting root canal treatment should be preferred over multiple sitting where there is no periapical inflammation; also, the occlusal reduction could be exempted from the same. To relieve the patient from postoperative pain where complete debridement is possible, antibiotics can be excluded from the regimen and only analgesics could be prescribed.
PubMed: 38882820
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_524_23