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New Biotechnology Dec 2022A range of Desulfovibrio spp. can reduce metal ions to form metallic nanoparticles that remain attached to their surfaces. The bioreduction of palladium (Pd) has been...
A range of Desulfovibrio spp. can reduce metal ions to form metallic nanoparticles that remain attached to their surfaces. The bioreduction of palladium (Pd) has been given considerable attention due to its extensive use in areas of catalysis and electronics and other technological domains. In this study we report, for the first time, evidence for Pd(II) reduction by the highly corrosive Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5 strain to form surface attached Pd nanoparticles, as well as rapid formation of Pd(0) coated microbial nanowires. These filaments reached up to 8 µm in length and led to the formation of a tightly bound group of interconnected cells with enhanced ability to attach to a low carbon steel surface. Moreover, when supplied with high concentrations of Pd (≥ 100 mmol Pd(II) g dry cells), both Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and D. ferrophilus IS5 formed bacteria/Pd hybrid porous microstructures comprising millions of cells. These three-dimensional structures reached up to 3 mm in diameter with a dose of 1200 mmol Pd(II) g dry cells. Under suitable hydrodynamic conditions during reduction, two-dimensional nanosheets of Pd metal were formed that were up to several cm in length. Lower dosing of Pd(II) for promoting rapid synthesis of metal coated nanowires and enhanced attachment of cells onto metal surfaces could improve the efficiency of various biotechnological applications such as microbial fuel cells. Formation of biologically stimulated Pd microstructures could lead to a novel way to produce metal scaffolds or nanosheets for a wide variety of applications.
Topics: Palladium; Desulfovibrio desulfuricans; Desulfovibrio; Catalysis
PubMed: 36396027
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.11.001 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection followed by bacterial pneumonia often leads to hospitalization and death in individuals from high risk groups. Following infection, IAV...
Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection followed by bacterial pneumonia often leads to hospitalization and death in individuals from high risk groups. Following infection, IAV triggers the process of viral RNA replication which in turn disrupts healthy gut microbial community, while the gut microbiota plays an instrumental role in protecting the host by evolving colonization resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms of IAV infection have been unraveled, the underlying complex mechanisms evolved by gut microbiota in order to induce host immune response following IAV infection remain evasive. In this work, we developed a novel Maximal-Clique based Community Detection algorithm for Weighted undirected Networks (MCCD-WN) and compared its performance with other existing algorithms using three sets of benchmark networks. Moreover, we applied our algorithm to gut microbiome data derived from fecal samples of both healthy and IAV-infected pigs over a sequence of time-points. The results we obtained from the real-life IAV dataset unveil the role of the microbial families and in the gut microbiome of the IAV-infected cohort. Furthermore, the additional integration of metaproteomic data enabled not only the identification of microbial biomarkers, but also the elucidation of their functional roles in protecting the host following IAV infection. Our network analysis reveals a fast recovery of the infected cohort after the second IAV infection and provides insights into crucial roles of and families in combating Influenza A Virus infection. Source code of the community detection algorithm can be downloaded from https://github.com/AniBhar84/MCCD-WN.
PubMed: 36338082
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979320 -
PloS One 2022Growing evidence has indicated that the characteristics of gut microbiota are associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Phlegm-heat syndrome (PHS), a specific...
Growing evidence has indicated that the characteristics of gut microbiota are associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Phlegm-heat syndrome (PHS), a specific pathological state of the AIS, is one of the common traditional Chinese syndromes of stroke. The long duration of PHS in patients with AIS could lead to poor clinical outcomes. Gut microbiota characteristics in patients with both AIS and PHS, and their relationship remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the alterations in gut microbiota in patients with AIS and PHS through a cross-sectional study. Fecal samples were collected from 10 patients with AIS and non-PHS (ntAIS), 7 patients with AIS and PHS (tAIS), and 10 healthy controls (HC). Samples were profiled via Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4. Stroke severity was assessed at admission by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS); their correlation with gut microbiota was investigated. The alpha-diversity of the bacterial communities was significantly higher in the fecal samples of patients with tAIS than in patients with ntAIS (Shannon index, P = 0.037). In addition, the combined tAIS and ntAIS group (tntAIS) exhibited higher microbiotic diversity when compared with HC (chao1, P = 0.019). The structure of intestinal microbiota was effectively distinguished between the tAIS and ntAIS group (ANOSIM, r = 0.337, P = 0.007). Additionally, the gut microbiota structure was significantly different between the tntAIS and HC groups (ANOSIM, r = 0.217, P = 0.005). The genera, Ruminococcaceae_ UCG_002 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, were implicated in the discrimination of PHS from non-PHS. The order Lactobacillales and family Lachnospiraceae were significantly negatively correlated with NIHSS and mRS at admission (P < 0.05). By contrast, the order Desulfovibrionales, families Christensenellaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, and genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 were significantly positively correlated with NIHSS and mRS at admission (P < 0.05). This study is the first to profile the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with AIS and PHS, compared with those with non-PHS. The genera, Ruminococcaceae_ UCG_002 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, may be objective indicators of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome in AIS. Furthermore, it provides a microbe-inspired biological basis for TCM syndrome differentiation.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ischemic Stroke; Hot Temperature; Cross-Sectional Studies; Stroke; Syndrome; Clostridiales
PubMed: 36327217
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276598 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of...
-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of monascuspiloin (MP) from RMR on alcoholic liver injury in mice, and further clarified its mechanism of action. Results showed that MP intervention obviously ameliorated lipid metabolism and liver function in mice with over-drinking. In addition, dietary MP intervention reduced liver MDA levels and increased liver CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, thus alleviating liver oxidative stress induced by excessive drinking. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that MP intervention was beneficial to ameliorate intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by elevating the proportion of norank_f_, , , , , etc., but decreasing the proportion of , norank_f_, _UCG-001, , norank_f_, unclassified_f_, etc. Additionally, correlation network analysis indicated that the key intestinal bacterial taxa intervened by MP were closely related to some biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, liver function, and oxidative stress. Moreover, liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary MP supplementation significantly regulated the levels of 75 metabolites in the liver, which were involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Furthermore, dietary MP intervention regulated gene transcription and protein expression associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In short, these findings suggest that MP mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the intestinal microbiome and liver metabolic pathway, and thus can serve as a functional component to prevent liver disease.
PubMed: 36230124
DOI: 10.3390/foods11193048 -
International Dental Journal Apr 2023The oral microbiological environment may be implicated in the corrosion of orthodontic metals. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of sulfate-reducing bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
The oral microbiological environment may be implicated in the corrosion of orthodontic metals. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance treatment.
METHODS
Sixty-nine orthodontic and 69 healthy non-orthodontic participants were enrolled in the study. Supragingival and subgingivaloral biofilm were collected and tested for the presence of SRB. The DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 16sRNA Sanger sequencing method was performed from the SRB-positive samples. The sequenced PCR products were analysed and compared with databases to identify the bacterial genus.
RESULTS
Amongst 69 orthodontic patients, characteristic black precipitates developed in 14, indicating the presence of iron sulfides which demonstrates the likelihood of SRB. Alternatively, 2 out of 69 showed the presence of SRB in healthy non-orthodontic participants (controls). Desulfovibrio spp was confirmed by analyses of 16sRNA sequencing, which revealed that the SRB prevalence was 20% in the examined participants with orthodontic appliances.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of SRB was found to be significantly higher amongst orthodontic patients compared to non-orthodontic participants. Presence of stainless steel in the oral environment may have facilitated the colonisation of SRB.
Topics: Humans; Desulfovibrio; Bacteria; Biofilms; Sulfates
PubMed: 36180285
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.007 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. The etiology of MS is complex, and results from the interaction of multiple...
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. The etiology of MS is complex, and results from the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Although human leukocyte antigen-HLA alleles such as HLA-DR2 and -DR3 are considered the strongest genetic factors, the environmental factors responsible for disease predisposition are not well understood. Recently, diet and gut microbiota have emerged as an important environmental factors linked to the increased incidence of MS. Especially, western diets rich inprotein and fat have been linked to the increased incidence of obesity. Numerous clinical data indicate a role of obesity and gut microbiota in MS; however, the mechanistic link between gut microbiota and obesity in the pathobiology of MS remains unclear. The present study determines the mechanisms driving MS severity in the context of obesity utilizing a high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese HLA-DR3 class-II transgenic mouse model of MS.
METHODS
HLA-DR3 transgenic mice were kept on a standard HFD diet or Normal Chow (NC) for eight weeks. Gut microbiota composition and functional analysis were performed from the fecal DNA of mice. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-EAE (an animal model of MS) was induced by immunization with the proteolipid protein-PLP peptide in complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin.
RESULTS
We observed that HFD-induced obesity caused gut dysbiosis and severe disease compared to mice on NC. Amelioration of disease severity in mice depleted of gut microbiota suggested an important role of gut bacteria in severe EAE in obese mice. Fecal microbiota analysis in HFD mice shows gut microbiota alterations with an increase in the abundance of and bacteria and modulation of various bacterial metabolic pathways including bacterial hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic pathways. Finally, mice on HFD showed increased gut permeability and systemic inflammation suggesting a role gut barrier modulation in obesity induced disease severity.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence for the involvement of the gut microbiome and associated metabolic pathways plus gut permeability in obesity-induced modulation of EAE disease severity. A better understanding of the same will be helpful to identify novel therapeutic targets to reduce disease severity in obese MS patients.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; HLA-DR2 Antigen; HLA-DR3 Antigen; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Mice; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Multiple Sclerosis; Obesity; Pertussis Toxin; Proteolipids; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 36164343
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966417 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022A high-fat choline diet (HFCD)-induced atherosclerosis model in ApoE mice was established to explore the anti-atherosclerotic effects of gypenoside XLIX (GPE). It was...
Gypenoside XLIX Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Regulating Intestinal Microbiota, Alleviating Inflammatory Response and Restraining Oxidative Stress in ApoE Mice.
A high-fat choline diet (HFCD)-induced atherosclerosis model in ApoE mice was established to explore the anti-atherosclerotic effects of gypenoside XLIX (GPE). It was found that HFCD-induced atherosclerotic index such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic plaque, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysfunction could be reduced by GPE treatment. GPE treatment could decrease Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria abundance, and increase Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes population. Moreover, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased significantly after treatment with GPE. After treatment with GPE, the relative abundance of trimethylamine-producing intestinal bacteria and decreased while butyrate-producing bacteria such as , , , , increased significantly. The GPE group demonstrated higher SCFAs concentrations in the fecal sample, such as Acetic Acid, Propionic Acid, and Butyric Acid. Further pathway analysis showed that 29 metabolic pathways were appreciably disturbed during GPE treatment, including citrate cycle (TCA cycle); galactose and glycero-lipid-metabolism biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis. This study suggests that the anti-atherosclerotic effect of GPE is related to the substantial changes in intestinal microbiota and anti-inflammatory activity.
PubMed: 36145277
DOI: 10.3390/ph15091056 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2022: The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a relevant factor associated with metabolic diseases. However, directly measuring the microbiota composition is...
: The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a relevant factor associated with metabolic diseases. However, directly measuring the microbiota composition is a limiting factor for several studies. Therefore, using genetic variables as proxies for the microbiota composition is an important issue. Landmark microbiome-host genome-wide association studies (mbGWAS) have identified many SNPs associated with gut microbiota. Our aim was to analyze the association between relevant microbiome-related genetic variants (Mi-RSNPs) and fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, exploring the interaction with Mediterranean diet adherence. : We performed a cross-sectional study in a high-cardiovascular-risk Mediterranean population ( = 1020), analyzing the association of Mi-RSNPs (from four published mbGWAS) with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. A single-variant approach was used for fitting fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes to a multivariable regression model. In addition, a Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple variants was performed as a sub-study. : We obtained several associations between Mi-RSNPs and fasting plasma glucose involving gut , the order Rhizobiales, the genus torques group, and the genus as the top ranked. For type 2 diabetes, we also detected significant associations with Mi-RSNPs related to the order Rhizobiales, the family Desulfovibrionaceae, and the genus . In addition, some Mi-RSNPs and adherence to Mediterranean diet interactions were detected. Lastly, the formal Mendelian randomization analysis suggested combined effects. : Although the use of Mi-RSNPs as proxies of the microbiome is still in its infancy, and although this is the first study analyzing such associations with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, some interesting associations, as well as modulations, with adherence to the Mediterranean diet were detected in these high-cardiovascular-risk subjects, eliciting new hypotheses.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Human Genetics; Humans
PubMed: 36143914
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091238 -
Anaerobe Dec 2022We report a rare case of polymicrobial anaerobic bacteremia caused by four different gut anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis, Eggerthella lenta, Bilophila wadsworthia, and...
Polymicrobial anaerobic sepsis due to Bacteroides fragilis, Eggerthella lenta, Ruminoccocus gnavus, and Bilophila wadsworthia in a patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm.
We report a rare case of polymicrobial anaerobic bacteremia caused by four different gut anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis, Eggerthella lenta, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Ruminococcus gnavus. Early initiation of appropriate therapy and species identification with matrix assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) resulted in full recovery from the infection. Our case highlights the clinical significance of polymicrobial cultures and the importance of performing anaerobic cultures for blood specimens to ensure proper identification and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Bacteroides fragilis; Bilophila; Anaerobiosis; Neoplasms; Bacterial Infections; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteremia; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 36108892
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102641 -
PloS One 2022Butter and virgin olive oil (EVOO) are two fats differing in their degree of saturation and insaponifiable fraction. EVOO, enriched in polyphenols and other minority...
High fat diets induce early changes in gut microbiota that may serve as markers of ulterior altered physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. Effect of virgin olive oil in comparison to butter.
Butter and virgin olive oil (EVOO) are two fats differing in their degree of saturation and insaponifiable fraction. EVOO, enriched in polyphenols and other minority components, exerts a distinct effect on health. Using next generation sequencing, we have studied early and long-term effects of both types of fats on the intestinal microbiota of mice, finding significant differences between the two diets in the percentage of certain bacterial taxa, correlating with hormonal, physiological and metabolic parameters in the host. These correlations are not only concomitant, but most noticeably some of the changes detected in the microbial percentages at six weeks are correlating with changes in physiological values detected later, at twelve weeks. Desulfovibrionaceae/Desulfovibrio/D. sulfuricans stand out by presenting at six weeks a statistically significant higher percentage in the butter-fed mice with respect to the EVOO group, correlating with systolic blood pressure, food intake, water intake and insulin at twelve weeks. This not only suggests an early implication in the probability of developing altered physiological and biochemical responses later on in the host lifespan, but also opens the possibility of using this genus as a marker in the risk of suffering different pathologies in the future.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Butter; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolic Syndrome; Mice; Olive Oil
PubMed: 35972974
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271634