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Journal of Oleo Science 2024Bicellar mixtures containing diacetylene molecules, such as diynoic acids, can be used as parent materials for functional membranes. A bicellar mixture consisting of a...
Bicellar mixtures containing diacetylene molecules, such as diynoic acids, can be used as parent materials for functional membranes. A bicellar mixture consisting of a diynoic acid-10,12-tricosadiynoic acid (TCDA)-, a phospholipid-1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)-, and a detergent-3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate (CHAPSO)-was evaluated for its morphology and packing of TCDA molecules in its bicellar mixture. A TCDA/DMPC vesicle was prepared at different molar ratios, TCDA/DMPC = 2/8, 5/5, and 8/2; a TCDA/DMPC/CHAPSO bicellar mixture was prepared by mixing a CHAPSO solution with a TCDA/DMPC vesicle solution as a detergent at different composition ratios, x = [TCDA/DMPC]/([TCDA/DMPC]+[CHAPSO]), of 1.0, 0.70, 0.50, and 0.30. A DMPC molecule formed a bilayer membrane structure and was used to suppress its precipitation. The packing density of the TCDA/DMPC/CHAPSO bicellar mixtures was increased by mixing a CHAPSO molecule in x = 1.0 to 0.70 or 0.50. A TEM image of a TCDA/DMPC/CHAPSO bicellar mixture showed many discoidal assemblies at x = 0.5 of TCDA/DMPC = 5/5. Polymerization of the TCDA molecules in the bicellar mixture by UV light suggested an ordered arrangement of TCDA. Polymerization at x = 0.70 and 0.50 correlated with improved packing density.
Topics: Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Detergents; Lipid Bilayers; Phase Separation
PubMed: 38825541
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess24006 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2024The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has heightened the need to evaluate the detection of enveloped viruses in the environment, particularly in wastewater, within the context of... (Review)
Review
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has heightened the need to evaluate the detection of enveloped viruses in the environment, particularly in wastewater, within the context of wastewater-based epidemiology. The studies published over the past 80 years focused primarily on non-enveloped viruses due to their ability to survive longer in environmental matrices such as wastewater or sludge compared to enveloped viruses. However, different enveloped viruses survive in the environment for different lengths of time. Therefore, it is crucial to be prepared to assess the potential infectious risk that may arise from future emerging enveloped viruses. This will require appropriate tools, notably suitable viral concentration methods that do not compromise virus infectivity. This review has a dual purpose: first, to gather all the available literature on the survival of infectious enveloped viruses, specifically at different pH and temperature conditions, and in contact with detergents; second, to select suitable concentration methods for evaluating the infectivity of these viruses in wastewater and sludge. The methodology used in this data collection review followed the systematic approach outlined in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Concentration methods cited in the data gathered are more tailored towards detecting the enveloped viruses' genome. There is a lack of suitable methods for detecting infectious enveloped viruses in wastewater and sludge. Ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, and polyethylene glycol precipitation methods, under specific/defined conditions, appear to be relevant approaches. Further studies are necessary to validate reliable concentration methods for detecting infectious enveloped viruses. The choice of culture system is also crucial for detection sensitivity. The data also show that the survival of infectious enveloped viruses, though lower than that of non-enveloped ones, may enable environmental transmission. Experimental data on a wide range of enveloped viruses is required due to the variability in virus persistence in the environment.
Topics: Sewage; Wastewater; SARS-CoV-2; Viruses; COVID-19
PubMed: 38825204
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173648 -
Biochimie May 2024Labelling of bacterial membranes using exogenous fatty acids has proven to be a valuable tool to investigate molecular interactions by in-cell solid-state nuclear...
Labelling of bacterial membranes using exogenous fatty acids has proven to be a valuable tool to investigate molecular interactions by in-cell solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy, notably with antimicrobial peptides. However, the mechanism by which this labelling takes place in non-mutated bacteria has not yet been investigated. In this work, we propose a rapid method to assess the fate of the fatty acids during the labelling of bacteria, involving two different methylation schemes and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We applied this approach to Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria grown with deuterated palmitic acid under different conditions. We assessed the extent of labelling, then the resulting membrane rigidity by H ssNMR. Our results reveal that the labelling mechanism depends on the detergent used to micellize the fatty acids. This labelling can be either active or passive, whether the fatty acids are metabolized and used in the phospholipids biosynthesis, or remain unmodified in the membrane. We discuss the best labelling protocol for studying peptide-membrane interactions.
PubMed: 38825063
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.024 -
Scientific Reports May 2024In flaviviruses such as Dengue or Zika, non-structural (NS) NS4A protein forms homo-oligomers, participates in membrane remodelling and is critical for virulence. In...
In flaviviruses such as Dengue or Zika, non-structural (NS) NS4A protein forms homo-oligomers, participates in membrane remodelling and is critical for virulence. In both viruses, mature NS4A has the same length and three predicted hydrophobic domains. The oligomers formed by Dengue NS4A are reported to be small (n = 2, 3), based on denaturing SDS gels, but no high-resolution structure of a flavivirus NS4A protein is available, and the size of the oligomer in lipid membranes is not known. Herein we show that crosslinking Zika NS4A protein in lipid membranes results in oligomers at least up to hexamers. Further, sedimentation velocity shows that NS4A in mild detergent C14-betaine appears to be in fast equilibrium between at least two species, where one is smaller, and the other larger, than a trimer or a tetramer. Consistently, sedimentation equilibrium data was best fitted to a model involving an equilibrium between dimers (n = 2) and hexamers (n = 6). Overall, the large, at least hexameric, oligomers obtained herein in liposomes and in mild detergent are more likely to represent the forms of NS4A present in cell membranes.
Topics: Liposomes; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Detergents; Zika Virus; Protein Multimerization
PubMed: 38822066
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63407-y -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2024Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is widely used to monitor the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While there is a clear correlation between the number of COVID...
The different adsorption-degradation behaviors of SARS-CoV-2 by bioactive chemicals in wastewater: The suppression kinetics and their implications for wastewater-based epidemiology.
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is widely used to monitor the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While there is a clear correlation between the number of COVID patients in a sewershed and the viral load in the wastewater, there is notable variability across different treatment plants. In particular, some facilities consistently exhibit higher viral content per diagnosed patient, implying a potential underestimation of the number of COVID patients, while others show a low viral load per diagnosed case, indicating potential attenuation of genetic material from the sewershed. In this study, we investigated the impact of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPHE), linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABS), bisoctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BDAC), and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), the surfactants that have been commonly used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. The results showed multiple and dynamic mechanisms, including degradation and desorption, can occur simultaneously during the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and different chemicals depending on the physicochemical properties of each chemical. Through the elucidation of the dynamic interactions, the findings from this study could help the state health organizations and scientific community to optimize the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology strategies.
Topics: Wastewater; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Adsorption; Surface-Active Agents; Pandemics; Kinetics; Humans; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Alkanesulfonic Acids
PubMed: 38815826
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173609 -
Journal of Biotechnology Aug 2024Pancreatic cancer (PC) poses a substantial global health challenge, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high mortality rate....
Pancreatic cancer (PC) poses a substantial global health challenge, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high mortality rate. Late-stage diagnoses are common due to the absence of specific symptoms. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for the majority of PC cases. Recent research has suggested a potential link between elevated serum levels of bile acids (BAs) and tumorigenesis of PDAC. This study aims to understand how taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), a secondary BA, influences PDAC using RNA sequencing techniques on the Capan-1 cell line. We identified 2,950 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following TCDCA treatment, with 1,597 upregulated and 1,353 downregulated genes. These DEGs were associated with critical PDAC pathways, including coagulation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and signaling regulation. Furthermore, we reviewed relevant literature highlighting genes like DKK-1, KRT80, UPLA, and SerpinB2, known for their roles in PDAC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our study sheds light on the complex relationship between BAs and PDAC, offering insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to unravel these findings' precise mechanisms and clinical implications, potentially improving PDAC diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Cell Movement
PubMed: 38815810
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.010 -
Biophysical Chemistry Aug 2024Reverse micelles (RMs) are spontaneously organizing nanobubbles composed of an organic solvent, surfactants, and an aqueous phase that can encapsulate biological...
Reverse micelles (RMs) are spontaneously organizing nanobubbles composed of an organic solvent, surfactants, and an aqueous phase that can encapsulate biological macromolecules for various biophysical studies. Unlike other RM systems, the 1-decanoyl-rac-glycerol (10MAG) and lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO) surfactant system has proven to house proteins with higher stability than other RM mixtures with little sensitivity to the water loading (W, defined by the ratio of water to surfactant). We investigated this unique property by encapsulating three model proteins - cytochrome c, myoglobin, and flavodoxin - in 10MAG/LDAO RMs and applying a variety of experimental methods to characterize this system's behavior. We found that this surfactant system differs greatly from the traditional, spherical, monodisperse RM population model. 10MAG/LDAO RMs were discovered to be oblate ellipsoids at all conditions, and as W was increased, surfactants redistributed to form a greater number of increasingly spherical ellipsoidal particles with pools of more bulk-like water. Proteins distinctively influence the thermodynamics of the mixture, encapsulating at their optimal RM size and driving protein-free RM sizes to scale accordingly. These findings inform the future development of similarly malleable encapsulation systems and build a foundation for application of 10MAG/LDAO RMs to analyze biological and chemical processes under nanoscale confinement.
Topics: Micelles; Myoglobin; Surface-Active Agents; Glycerol; Cytochromes c; Flavodoxin; Laurates; Thermodynamics; Water; Dimethylamines
PubMed: 38815545
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107269 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Surfactant is a surface-active substance that, in addition to its detergent effect, also has effects that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Because of these effects, it...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Surfactant is a surface-active substance that, in addition to its detergent effect, also has effects that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Because of these effects, it was aimed herein to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal surfactant application on preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation in a uterine horn adhesion model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (G1-G3), as follows: G1 (n = 7): control group. The abdomen was opened and then closed; G2 (n = 7): adhesion group. The abdomen was opened. Then, a 2-cm linear incision was made over the right uterine horn, 2 mL of isotonic saline was administered intraperitoneally, and the abdomen was closed; and G3 (n = 7): treatment group. The abdomen was opened, a 2-cm linear incision was made over the right uterine horn, 2 mL (70 mg/kg) of surfactant was administered intraperitoneally, and the abdomen was closed. After 15 days, the rats were euthanized, the abdomens were reopened, and adhesion scoring was performed. After the right uterine horns were removed and fixed with 10% formalin, appropriate sections were taken from the traumatized tissue, stained with Masson's trichrome, and fibrosis and inflammation scoring were performed.
RESULTS
The adhesion area and intensity were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 and G3 (p = 0.001) and were similar in G1 and G3 (p = 0.165). While fibrosis and inflammation were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 and G3 (p = 0.001), there was no difference between G1 and G3 (p = 0.5).
CONCLUSION
Intraperitoneal surfactant administration at a dose of 70 mg/kg was found to be effective in preventing intraabdominal adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model.
Topics: Animals; Tissue Adhesions; Rats, Wistar; Female; Surface-Active Agents; Rats; Postoperative Complications; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Uterus; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38813488
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5752 -
Heliyon May 2024Oat is a dual-purpose crop used for both food and feed for animals. The objective of this work is to characterize oat varieties for their genetic diversity in yield,...
Oat is a dual-purpose crop used for both food and feed for animals. The objective of this work is to characterize oat varieties for their genetic diversity in yield, physical traits, and nutritional composition, aiming to identify potential parent varieties for breeding programs to develop new oat varieties for improved livestock feed and diverse industrial applications. To conduct, chemical analysis for protein and carbohydare fractions, energy and digestible nutrient estimated, stastical analyses performed to assess genetic variations for traits among vaieties. Significant genetic variation ( < 0.05) for grain yield, grain density, sieving percentage, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, neutral and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen were observed in grains of eight oat varieties. All protein fractions exhibited significant differences ( < 0.05). Total carbohydrate content ranged significantly ( < 0.05) from 73 % to 79 %. The grains contained higher levels of intermediately degradable starch and pectin (54.12-60.16 %) compared to the slowly degradable cell wall (26-33 %), lignin bounded cell wall (6-10 %), and rapidly degradable sugars (2-8%). Significant variation ( < 0.05) was observed in terms of gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy for maintenance and lactation about (2 Mcal/kg dry matter), gain (1.6-1.8 Mcal/kg dry matter), total digestible nutrients, digestible dry matter, rumen degradable protein, and total digestible nutrients related to crude protein, fatty acid, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate. Organic matter and ether extract were positively associated ( < 0.01) with total digestible nutrients, digestible and metabolizable energy, dry matter digestible and truly digestible non fibrous cabohydrates, while neutral and acid detergent fiber and cellulose showed negative correlation. The research shows that oat varieties vary widely in their yield, physical features, and nutritional content, offering potential for breeding better varieties for both animal feed and industrial uses.
PubMed: 38813156
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31541 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and...
Impact of dietary supplementation with β-alanine on the rumen microbial crude protein supply, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in beef steers elucidated through sequencing the rumen bacterial community.
This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 252.8 ± 5.2 kg and 3 treatments of supplementing with 0, 30, or 60 g β-Ala per day to basal diet were allocated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 20 d, of which the first 15 d were for adaptation and the subsequent 5 d were for sampling. The results showed that β-Ala linearly increased the ruminal concentration of microbial crude protein (MCP) ( = 0.005), but it did not affect the ruminal concentrations of ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids ( > 0.10). β-Ala also linearly increased the dry matter (DM) ( = 0.009), organic matter (OM) ( = 0.017) and crude protein (CP) ( = 0.043) digestibility, tended to decrease the acid detergent fiber digestibility ( = 0.077), but it did not affect the neutral detergent fiber digestibility ( = 0.641). β-Ala quadratically increased the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota ( = 0.021) at the phylum level, and increased ( = 0.028) and ( = 0.014), and decreased the relative abundance of ( = 0.009) at the genus level. Feeding steers with β-Ala linearly increased the urinary N ( = 0.006), urea excretions ( = 0.002) and the N retention ( = 0.004), but it did not affect the N utilization efficiency ( = 0.120). β-Ala quadratically increased the plasma concentration of the total antioxidant capacity ( = 0.011) and linearly increased the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 ( < 0.001). In summary, dietary supplementation with β-Ala improved the rumen MCP supply and increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and the N retention. Further research is necessary to verify the ruminal degradability of β-Ala and to investigate the mechanism of the impact of absorbed β-Ala on the anti-oxidative ability in steers.
PubMed: 38808018
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.006