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Borderline Personality Disorder and... Jul 2024Psychiatrists often hesitate to diagnose borderline personality disorder (BPD). While individuals with BPD have reported both positive and negative experiences upon...
BACKGROUND
Psychiatrists often hesitate to diagnose borderline personality disorder (BPD). While individuals with BPD have reported both positive and negative experiences upon receiving their diagnosis, no study has specifically explored this issue among parents. Parents of children diagnosed with BPD can benefit from recently developed family-support interventions such as the Family Connections program. Our study aimed to explore the experiences of parents learning about their child's BPD diagnosis and to investigate the impact of the Family Connections program on their experiences.
METHODS
This qualitative study, conducted in France following the five-stage IPSE method, involved parents of children with BPD recruited through the Family Connections association in Versailles. We conducted semi-structured interviews and used purposive sampling for data collection until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using a descriptive and structuring approach with NVivo 12 software to elucidate the structure of lived experiences.
RESULTS
The study included 21 parents. The structure of the lived experiences was characterized by three central axes: (1) the long and difficult road to diagnosis; (2) communicating the BPD diagnosis to parents: a necessary step; (3) the pitfalls of receiving the diagnosis. The Family Connections program provided significant support in these areas, particularly in understanding the diagnosis, enhancing communication with their child, and reducing social isolation.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the challenges parents face when receiving a BPD diagnosis for their child and underscore the need for an early, clear, and detailed explanation of the diagnosis. The specific experiences of receiving the diagnosis are indicative of the broader care experience parents undergo and highlight their need and right to be informed, supported, and guided throughout their child's treatment.
PubMed: 38946002
DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00258-z -
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 2024Clothianidin (CLO), a neonicotinoid that is widely used in forests and agricultural areas, was recently reported to cause toxicity in mammals. Although sensitivity to...
Clothianidin (CLO), a neonicotinoid that is widely used in forests and agricultural areas, was recently reported to cause toxicity in mammals. Although sensitivity to chemicals varies between sexes and developmental stages, studies that comprehensively evaluate both males and females are limited. Therefore, in this study we utilized murine models to compare the sex-specific differences in behavioral effects following CLO exposure at different developmental stages. We orally administered CLO to male and female mice as a single high-dose solution (80 mg/kg) during the postnatal period (2-week-old), adolescence (6-week-old), or maturity (10-week-old), and subsequently evaluated higher brain function. The behavioral battery test consisted of open field, light/dark transition, and contextual/cued fear conditioning tests conducted at three and seven months of age. After the behavioral test, the brains were dissected and prepared for immunohistochemical staining. We observed behavioral abnormalities in anxiety, spatial memory, and cued memory only in female mice. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis showed a reduction in astrocytes within the hippocampus of female mice with behavioral abnormalities. The behavioral abnormalities observed in female CLO-treated mice were consistent with the typical behavioral abnormalities associated with hippocampal astrocyte dysfunction. It is therefore possible that the CLO-induced behavioral abnormalities are at least in part related to a reduction in astrocyte numbers. The results of this study highlight the differences in behavioral effects following CLO exposure between sexes and developmental stages.
Topics: Animals; Female; Neonicotinoids; Guanidines; Male; Behavior, Animal; Thiazoles; Hippocampus; Sex Characteristics; Fear; Astrocytes; Anxiety; Mice; Sex Factors; Spatial Memory; Administration, Oral; Insecticides
PubMed: 38945841
DOI: 10.2131/jts.49.301 -
Neurobiology of Disease Jun 2024The temporal component of episodic memory has been recognized as a sensitive behavioral marker in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, parallel...
The temporal component of episodic memory has been recognized as a sensitive behavioral marker in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, parallel studies in AD animals are currently lacking, and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a novel App knock-in (APP-KI) rat model, the developmental changes of temporal order memory (TOM) and the relationship with medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex (mPFC-PRH) circuit were determined through in vivo electrophysiology and microimaging technique. We observed a deficit in TOM performance during the object temporal order memory task (OTOMT) in APP-KI rats at 6 month old, which was not evident at 3 or 4 months of age. Alongside behavioral changes, we identified a gradually extensive and aggravated regional activation and functional alterations in the mPFC and PRH during the performance of OTOMT, which occurred prior to the onset of TOM deficits. Moreover, coherence analysis showed that the functional connectivity between the mPFC and PRH could predict the extent of future behavioral performance. Further analysis revealed that the aberrant mPFC-PRH interaction mainly attributed to the progressive deterioration of synaptic transmission, information flow and network coordination from mPFC to PRH, suggesting the mPFC dysfunction maybe the key area of origin underlying the early changes of TOM. These findings identify a pivotal role of the mPFC-PRH circuit in mediating the TOM deficits in the early stage of AD, which holds promising clinical translational value and offers potential early biological markers for predicting AD memory progression.
PubMed: 38945496
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106584 -
NPJ Science of Food Jun 2024Inflammation acts as a dual role in disease initiation and progression, while Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds, known for their abundance of anti-inflammatory...
Inflammation acts as a dual role in disease initiation and progression, while Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds, known for their abundance of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, present a promising food source. Additionally, fermentation may optimize the food matrix, thereby augmenting its developmental prospects. This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of hemp seeds fermented with 10 different probiotic strains. Among these, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented hemp seeds (FHS) demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory ability, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of critical inflammatory markers such as TLR4, NF-κBp65, and iNOS. Moreover, there is a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibition of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO within a concentration range of 50 to 500 µg/mL. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis using UHPLC-QTOF-MS highlighted significant metabolic alterations in FHS compared to raw hemp seeds (RHS). Through multivariate, univariate, and correlation analyses, indolelactic acid (IA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) emerged as the main anti-inflammatory metabolites in FHS. Validation via HPLC confirmed the concentration of IA and HVA in RHS and FHS and both organic acids demonstrated lower IC values for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and NO inhibition, showcasing their potent anti-inflammatory abilities. Furthermore, in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion coupled with the Caco-2 cell monolayer model validates the uptake and bioaccessibility of FHS, further affirming IA and HVA as major anti-inflammatory compounds. Overall, this research sets the stage for the development of novel hemp seed-based products targeting inflammation-associated disorders.
PubMed: 38944646
DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00285-8 -
Breast Cancer Research : BCR Jun 2024The cell cycle of mammary stem cells must be tightly regulated to ensure normal homeostasis of the mammary gland to prevent abnormal proliferation and susceptibility to...
BACKGROUND
The cell cycle of mammary stem cells must be tightly regulated to ensure normal homeostasis of the mammary gland to prevent abnormal proliferation and susceptibility to tumorigenesis. The atypical cell cycle regulator, Spy1 can override cell cycle checkpoints, including those activated by the tumour suppressor p53 which mediates mammary stem cell homeostasis. Spy1 has also been shown to promote expansion of select stem cell populations in other developmental systems. Spy1 protein is elevated during proliferative stages of mammary gland development, is found at higher levels in human breast cancers, and promotes susceptibility to mammary tumourigenesis when combined with loss of p53. We hypothesized that Spy1 cooperates with loss of p53 to increase susceptibility to tumour initiation due to changes in susceptible mammary stem cell populations during development and drives the formation of more aggressive stem like tumours.
METHODS
Using a transgenic mouse model driving expression of Spy1 within the mammary gland, mammary development and stemness were assessed. These mice were intercrossed with p53 null mice to study the tumourigenic properties of Spy1 driven p53 null tumours, as well as global changes in signaling via RNA sequencing analysis.
RESULTS
We show that elevated levels of Spy1 leads to expansion of mammary stem cells, even in the presence of p53, and an increase in mammary tumour formation. Spy1-driven tumours have an increased cancer stem cell population, decreased checkpoint signaling, and demonstrate an increase in therapy resistance. Loss of Spy1 decreases tumor onset and reduces the cancer stem cell population.
CONCLUSIONS
This data demonstrates the potential of Spy1 to expand mammary stem cell populations and contribute to the initiation and progression of aggressive, breast cancers with increased cancer stem cell populations.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mice, Transgenic; Humans; Cell Cycle Proteins; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Breast Neoplasms; Stem Cells; Cell Cycle; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 38943151
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01862-1 -
Journal of Thermal Biology Jun 2024Phenotypic links are the potential for "carryover" of effects of experience during one life history stage into performance and selection at subsequent stages. They...
Phenotypic links are the potential for "carryover" of effects of experience during one life history stage into performance and selection at subsequent stages. They reflect plastic responses to the environment experienced during an early phase on the phenotype of subsequent phases. We are studying these effects by following individuals of the shrimp Palaemon serratus from the embryonic (eggs carried by females) through the larval phase (pelagic) to the juvenile phase (benthic). In experiment 1, we investigated the effects of larval prey concentration (10, 4 and 2 Artemia/mL) and larval incubation temperature (16 and 22 °C) on larval performance (metamorphosis rate, developmental duration and growth) and then on juvenile performance (survival and Specific Growth Rate, SGR, at 18 and 24 °C in 14 days). In experiment 2, we investigated the effects of embryonic incubation temperature (larval biomass and lipid content of newly hatched larvae from embryos incubated at 12 and 18 °C) and larval prey concentration on larval performance and then on juvenile performance. In both experiments, the larvae plastically increased their development time in response to the reduction in temperature and prey concentration, whereas their survival decreased with temperature and prey concentration. The quantity of lipids available at hatching decreased with decreasing embryonic incubation temperature, which reduced the larval performance, particularly with a low concentration of prey. Survival at 14 days post-metamorphosis was significantly reduced when the embryos were incubated at 12 °C compared with those incubated at 18 °C, regardless of the subsequent larval incubation conditions, revealing phenotypic links between overconsumption of embryonic yolk reserves and post-metamorphic fitness. Overall, juveniles had a better SGR at 24 than at 18 °C, and even better when incubated under stressful embryo-larval conditions (temperature and prey concentration). This study highlighted phenotypic links between developmental stages and over developmental periods of several months.
PubMed: 38941824
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103892 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Morphological anomalies are considered a rare phenomenon among natural tick populations. New cases of abnormalities in ticks are being described, such as body...
Morphological anomalies are considered a rare phenomenon among natural tick populations. New cases of abnormalities in ticks are being described, such as body assymetries, nanism, gynandromorphism and limb malformations. The tick removed from a cat was morphologically identified to species and developmental stage. The time of feeding on the host was determined. The specimen was tested using PCR and Real-Time PCR methods for the presence of the common tick-borne pathogens: , spp, spp., , spp. For visualisation of the anomalous structures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. The tick was identified as a slightly engorged adult female of I. ricinus exhibiting ectromely of leg I on the left side of the idiosoma. The specimen was tested positive for two medically important pathogens: and . The case report describes a rare case of a morphological anomaly in an tick from Poland.
Topics: Animals; Poland; Ixodes; Female; Cats; Cat Diseases; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Tick Infestations
PubMed: 38940115
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/172533 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024An emerging body of research attends to grasp the concept of authenticity. Nonetheless, a view on the developmental part with its underlying facets of processes, is...
An emerging body of research attends to grasp the concept of authenticity. Nonetheless, a view on the developmental part with its underlying facets of processes, is rare. In this paper, we aim to take a deeper look into the dynamics of inner work processes, that define certain authenticity developmental stages. Building upon our recently proposed "4C-view" of authenticity, we approach this developmental perspective from two different angles: from a angle and a angle. Using vignettes of authentic client personality coaching processes, we propose that the interwoven dynamic between those two aspects yields several combinations of maturity levels within the individual. Continuity as an overarching concept thus contains various developmental authenticity stages that could be identified through different markers and vary in particular contexts.
PubMed: 38939224
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1231484 -
Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma Jun 2024Pubertal status/stage of maturation and pubertal timing have been linked with emotional symptoms of problems among youth, particularly in vulnerable developmental...
Pubertal status/stage of maturation and pubertal timing have been linked with emotional symptoms of problems among youth, particularly in vulnerable developmental contexts at risk for stress exposure. The present study tested the extent to which pubertal status/stage of maturation and pubertal timing were associated with anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, and somatic complaint symptoms in Kosovar adolescents. It also tested whether sex moderated these relationships. Data were collected from N = 1,342 Kosovar adolescents (665 girls; M age = 13.26 years, SD = 1.27; 677 boys M age = 13.19 years, SD = 1.31). Regression analyses provided evidence that pubertal status/stage was positively associated with rates of anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, and somatic complaint symptoms in girls, but only with withdrawn/depressed symptoms in boys. Additionally, pubertal timing was positively associated with anxious/depressed, and somatic complaint symptoms in girls; no significant links were found for boys. The present study provided evidence that advanced pubertal status/stage as well as timing is positively associated with internalizing symptoms in girls; however, only pubertal status/stage was positively associated with withdrawn/depressed symptoms in boys. The study highlights the importance of pubertal development for internalizing symptoms in a developmental context known for high stress exposure, particularly for girls.
PubMed: 38938975
DOI: 10.1007/s40653-024-00610-z -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The hypothalamus is an essential neuroendocrine area in animals that regulates sexual development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are hypothesized to regulate...
The hypothalamus is an essential neuroendocrine area in animals that regulates sexual development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are hypothesized to regulate physiological processes related to animal reproduction. However, the regulatory mechanism by which lncRNAs participate in sexual maturity in goats is poorly known, particularly from birth to sexual maturation. In this study, RNAseq analysis was conducted on the hypothalamus of four developmental stages (1day (D1, = 5), 2 months (M2, = 5), 4 months (M4, = 5), and 6 months (M6, = 5)) of Jining grey goats. The results showed that a total of 237 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the hypothalamus. Among these, 221 DELs exhibited cis-regulatory effects on 693 target genes, while 24 DELs demonstrated trans-regulatory effects on 63 target genes. The target genes of these DELs are mainly involved in biological processes related to energy metabolism, signal transduction and hormone secretion, such as sphingolipid signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, neurotrophic signaling pathway, glutamatergic synapse, P53 signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. In addition, XR_001918477.1, TCONS_00077463, XR_001918760.1, and TCONS_00029048 and their potential target genes may play a crucial role in the process of goat sexual maturation. This study advances our understanding of lncRNA in hypothalamic tissue during sexual maturation in goats and will give a theoretical foundation for improving goat reproductive features.
PubMed: 38938911
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1404681