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Nutrients Jun 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which seriously affects public health. Gut microbiota remains a dynamic balance state in healthy...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which seriously affects public health. Gut microbiota remains a dynamic balance state in healthy individuals, and its disorder may affect health status and even results in metabolic diseases. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to have biological activities that can be used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of quercetin in alleviating T2DM based on gut microbiota. / mice were adopted as the model for T2DM in this study. After 10 weeks of administration, quercetin could significantly decrease the levels of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (INS), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), D-lactic acid (D-LA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in / mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis were performed to compare the differences of gut microbiota and metabolites among the groups. The results demonstrated that quercetin decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, , and . Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of L-Dopa and S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) were significantly increased, but 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MET), L-Aspartic acid, L-Glutamic acid, and Androstenedione were significantly decreased under quercetin intervention. Taken together, quercetin could exert its hypoglycemic effect, alleviate insulin resistance, repair the intestinal barrier, remodel the intestinal microbiota, and alter the metabolites of / mice.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Quercetin; Insulin Resistance; Mice; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; Intestinal Mucosa; Blood Glucose; Disease Models, Animal; Insulin
PubMed: 38931226
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121870 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) demonstrated that substantial weight loss and remission from type 2 diabetes can be achieved with low-energy total diet... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Experiences and Acceptability of a Weight Loss Intervention for Diabetes (Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial-DiRECT) in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Qualitative Study within a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.
The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) demonstrated that substantial weight loss and remission from type 2 diabetes can be achieved with low-energy total diet replacement and behavioural support. However, the acceptability of the DiRECT intervention in diverse populations with strong cultural emphases on food and shared eating remains unclear. We conducted a qualitative study nested within a pilot randomised controlled trial of DiRECT in one Māori (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) primary care provider in Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, obesity, and a desire to lose weight were randomised to either dietitian-supported usual care or the dietitian-supported DiRECT intervention for twelve months. The DiRECT intervention included three months of total diet replacement, then food reintroduction and supported weight loss maintenance. At three and twelve months, semi-structured interviews explored the acceptability of DiRECT and participants' experiences of each intervention. Interview transcripts from 25 participants (aged 48 ± 10 years, 76% female, 78% Māori or Pacific) at three months and 15 participants at twelve months were analysed. Participants viewed their pre-enrolment selves as unhealthy people with poor eating habits and desired professional weight loss support. For DiRECT participants, the total diet replacement phase was challenging but well-received, due to rapid improvements in weight and health. Food reintroduction and weight loss maintenance each presented unique challenges requiring effective strategies and adaptability. All participants considered individualised and empathetic dietetic support crucial to success. Sociocultural factors influencing success were experienced in both interventions: family and social networks provided support and motivation; however, eating-related norms were identified as challenges. The DiRECT intervention was considered an acceptable approach to weight loss in participants with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes with strong cultural emphases on food and shared eating. Our findings highlight the importance of individualised and culturally relevant behavioural support for effective weight loss and weight loss maintenance.
Topics: Humans; Female; New Zealand; Male; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pilot Projects; Qualitative Research; Weight Loss; Adult; Weight Reduction Programs; Prediabetic State; Obesity; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Feeding Behavior; Diet, Reducing
PubMed: 38931208
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121853 -
Nutrients Jun 2024We conducted an epidemiological non-interventional cross-sectional and case-control study from 1 January 2023 until 26 May 2023 in Oltenia region, southwestern Romania....
We conducted an epidemiological non-interventional cross-sectional and case-control study from 1 January 2023 until 26 May 2023 in Oltenia region, southwestern Romania. Throughout the research, 160 consecutive patients were included from two different clinical departments (1-Pneumology; 2-Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases). Subjects were voluntary adult individuals of any gender who expressed their written consent. The clinical data of the patients were correlated with the exposure to behavioral risk factors (diet, lifestyle, exposure to pollutants) to identify some negative implications that could be corrected to improve the quality of life of patients with simple chronic obstructive airway diseases of the lung or associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). In the first group of patients with respiratory diseases, there was a higher degree of exposure to toxic substances (43.75%) compared to the second group of patients with diabetes (18.75%); it is also noticeable that in the first group, there were noticeably fewer individuals who have never smoked (25%) compared to the second group (50%). Respiratory function impairment was observed to be more severe in overweight individuals. In the group of patients with known lung diseases, a positive correlation was noted between the presence of MS and respiratory dysfunctions of greater severity. Additionally, potential exacerbating factors affecting lung function, such as direct exposure to toxins and smoking, were considered. Potential secondary factors exacerbating respiratory dysfunction were considered by correlating biochemical parameters with dietary habits. These included reduced consumption of vegetables, inadequate hydration, and increased intake of sweets and products high in saturated or trans fats (commonly found in junk food), primarily due to their potential contribution to excess weight. Compared to patients without MS, the severity of the pulmonary function impairment correlated with the number of criteria met for MS and, independently, with an increase in weight.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Case-Control Studies; Romania; Aged; Adult; Life Style; Diet; Quality of Life; Lung
PubMed: 38931206
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121851 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Brown seaweed is promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its bioactive constituents can positively affect plasma glucose homeostasis in healthy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Brown seaweed is promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its bioactive constituents can positively affect plasma glucose homeostasis in healthy humans. We investigated the effect of the brown seaweeds and in their natural form on glucose regulation in patients with T2DM.
METHODS
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Thirty-six participants with T2DM received, on a daily basis, either 5 g of dried , 5 g of dried , or 0.5 g of dried (control) for 5 weeks, alongside regular treatment. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the change in weekly average blood glucose levels (continuous glucose monitoring). The secondary outcomes were the changes in anthropometrics, plasma lipid levels, and dietary intake. The data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
RESULTS
The change in weekly average glucose levels was 8.2 ± 2.1 to 9.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L ( = 0.2) in the group (n = 12) and 10.1 ± 3.3 to 9.2 ± 0.7 mmol/L ( = 0.9) in the group (n = 10). The between-group difference was non-significant. Similarly, no between-group differences were observed for the changes in the secondary outcomes.
DISCUSSION
A daily intake of 5 g of fresh, dried or alongside regular treatment had no differential effect on weekly average blood glucose levels in T2DM.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Sargassum; Double-Blind Method; Blood Glucose; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Fucus; Pilot Projects; Overweight; Feasibility Studies; Aged; Adult; Seaweed; Hypoglycemic Agents; Edible Seaweeds
PubMed: 38931192
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121837 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The global rise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity necessitates innovative dietary interventions. This study investigates the effects of allulose, a rare sugar shown...
The global rise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity necessitates innovative dietary interventions. This study investigates the effects of allulose, a rare sugar shown to reduce blood glucose, in a rat model of diet-induced obesity and T2D. Over 12 weeks, we hypothesized that allulose supplementation would improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control. Our results showed that allulose mitigated the adverse effects of high-fat, high-sugar diets, including reduced body weight gain and improved insulin resistance. The allulose group exhibited lower food consumption and increased levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), enhancing glucose regulation and appetite control. Additionally, allulose prevented liver triglyceride accumulation and promoted mitochondrial uncoupling in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that allulose supplementation can improve metabolic health markers, making it a promising dietary component for managing obesity and T2D. Further research is needed to explore the long-term benefits and mechanisms of allulose in metabolic disease prevention and management. This study supports the potential of allulose as a safe and effective intervention for improving metabolic health in the context of dietary excess.
Topics: Animals; Fructose; Male; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin Resistance; Blood Glucose; Rats; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Triglycerides; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Adipose Tissue; Weight Gain; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38931176
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121821 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Zinc deficiency has been associated with the worsening of diabetes while zinc supplementation has been proposed to ameliorate diabetes. This study examined the effects...
Zinc deficiency has been associated with the worsening of diabetes while zinc supplementation has been proposed to ameliorate diabetes. This study examined the effects of marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) and zinc supplementation (ZS) on obesity, glycemic control, pancreatic islets, hepatic steatosis and renal function of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed an MZD, zinc control (ZC) or ZS diet (4, 30 and 300 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively), and lean Zucker rats were fed a ZC diet for 8 weeks. MZD and ZS did not alter body weight or whole-body composition in ZDF rats. MZD ZDF rats had reduced zinc concentrations in the femur and pancreas, a greater number of enlarged pancreatic islets and a diminished response to an oral glucose load based on a 1.8-fold greater incremental area-under-the-curve (AUC) for glucose compared to ZC ZDF. ZS ZDF rats had elevated serum, femur and pancreatic zinc concentrations, unchanged pancreatic parameters and a 50% reduction in the AUC for insulin compared to ZC ZDF rats, suggesting greater insulin sensitivity. Dietary zinc intake did not alter hepatic steatosis, creatinine clearance, or levels of proteins that contribute to insulin signaling, inflammation or zinc transport in epididymal fat. Potential adverse effects of ZS were suggested by reduced hepatic copper concentrations and elevated serum urea compared to ZC ZDF rats. In summary, ZS improved the pancreatic insulin response but not the glucose handling. In contrast, reduced zinc status in ZDF rats led to impaired glucose tolerance and a compensatory increase in the number and size of pancreatic islets which could lead to β-cell exhaustion.
Topics: Animals; Rats, Zucker; Zinc; Dietary Supplements; Male; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Rats; Blood Glucose; Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Pancreas; Liver; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
PubMed: 38931174
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121819 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management....
Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management. Lipidomics is an expanding field involving the comprehensive exploration of lipids from biological samples. In this cross-sectional study, 396 participants from a Mediterranean region, including individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetic individuals, underwent lipidomic profiling and dietary assessment. Participants completed validated food frequency questionnaires, and lipid analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between lipid features and dietary patterns. Across all subjects, acylcarnitines (AcCa) and triglycerides (TG) displayed negative associations with the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), indicating a link between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits. Various lipid species (LS) showed positive and negative associations with dietary carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Notably, in the interaction analysis between diabetes and the aHEI, we found some lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) that showed a similar direction with respect to aHEI in non-diabetic individuals and T2D subjects, while an opposite direction was observed in T1D subjects. The study highlights the significant association between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits in people with and without diabetes, particularly emphasizing the role of healthy dietary choices, as reflected by the aHEI, in modulating lipid concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions to improve metabolic health outcomes, especially in the context of diabetes management.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lipidomics; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Feeding Behavior; Mediterranean Region; Lipids; Diet, Healthy; Diet; Triglycerides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Patterns; Carnitine
PubMed: 38931159
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121805 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The treatment and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) with conventional therapies, such as insulin injections and oral hypoglycemic agents, present significant... (Review)
Review
The treatment and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) with conventional therapies, such as insulin injections and oral hypoglycemic agents, present significant challenges due to their side effects and burdensome administration. Therapies often manage symptoms rather than addressing insulin regulation, akin to medications like thiazolidinediones and glinides, which resemble many medicinal plants. Medicinal plants offer potential alternative treatments due to bioactive compounds targeting diabetes causes. We aimed to explore the antidiabetic potential of two medicinal plants, and L., by investigating their phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses, pharmacological actions, and mechanisms. This review followed specific guidelines and searched databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science for studies on medicinal plants and DM. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment and were categorized based on their design and interventions for data synthesis. This review identified the phytochemical constituents in and L., including tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and steroids, exerting antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms like antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, stimulation of insulin secretion, glucose regulation, and inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. and L. exhibit promising antidiabetic potential, offering alternative approaches to diabetes management. Polyherbalism, combining multiple plant extracts, may enhance therapeutic efficacy in diabetes treatment. Comprehensive research is needed to explore the combined therapeutic effects of these plants and develop more effective antidiabetic treatments. This review highlights the importance of harnessing natural resources to combat the global burden of DM. Further research is warranted to fully explore the combined therapeutic effects of these plants and develop novel treatments.
PubMed: 38931040
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121608 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a multifactorial and complicated metabolic disorder, is a growing public health problem. Numerous studies have indicated that bioactive... (Review)
Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a multifactorial and complicated metabolic disorder, is a growing public health problem. Numerous studies have indicated that bioactive compounds from herbal medicine have beneficial effects on T2DM prevention and treatment, owing to their numerous biological properties. Curcumin, the major curcuminoid of turmeric, is one of the most studied bioactive components of herbal supplements, and has a variety of biological activities. Clinical trials and preclinical research have recently produced compelling data to demonstrate the crucial functions of curcumin against T2DM via several routes. Accordingly, this review systematically summarizes the antidiabetic activity of curcumin, along with various mechanisms. Results showed that effectiveness of curcumin on T2DM is due to it being anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-apoptotic, and antihyperlipidemic, among other activities. In light of these results, curcumin may be a promising prevention/treatment choice for T2DM.
Topics: Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Animals; Antioxidants; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38930998
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122934 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In the field of human health research, the homeostasis of copper (Cu) is receiving increased attention due to its connection to pathological conditions, including... (Review)
Review
In the field of human health research, the homeostasis of copper (Cu) is receiving increased attention due to its connection to pathological conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have demonstrated that proteins associated with Cu homeostasis, such as ATOX1, FDX1, ATP7A, ATPB, SLC31A1, p53, and UPS, also contribute to DM. Cuproptosis, characterized by Cu homeostasis dysregulation and Cu overload, has been found to cause the oligomerization of lipoylated proteins in mitochondria, loss of iron-sulfur protein, depletion of glutathione, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Further research into how cuproptosis affects DM is essential to uncover its mechanism of action and identify effective interventions. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism of Cu homeostasis and the role of cuproptosis in the pathogenesis of DM. The study of small-molecule drugs that affect these proteins offers the possibility of moving from symptomatic treatment to treating the underlying causes of DM.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Copper; Homeostasis; Drug Design; Animals; Small Molecule Libraries; Mitochondria; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38930917
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122852