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Cureus Mar 2024This study aims to quantitatively assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of seeds.
AIM
This study aims to quantitatively assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of seeds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Around 30 seeds of were collected, crushed, and powdered; 10 gm of powder was added to 100 ml of ethanolic extract and boiled for further analysis. Egg albumin denaturation assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay were done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, respectively. An independent t-test was used to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0; Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), and values less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The seeds of have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties improved with higher concentrations and were comparable to the control substances diclofenac sodium, vitamin E, and ascorbic acid, respectively. The most significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect was observed at a dosage of 50 μL, with a p-value of 0.001.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, we found that the ethanolic extract of has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which can further be used for the improvement of pharmaceuticals.
PubMed: 38633945
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56391 -
RSC Advances Apr 2024In recent times, there has been considerable interest in utilizing aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) containing natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for the extraction...
Harnessing the power of natural deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride/sucrose) and polypropylene glycol in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems and the application of these systems in drug extraction.
In recent times, there has been considerable interest in utilizing aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) containing natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for the extraction of various substances. In this study, we focused on investigating the phase behavior of ABSs composed of poly(propylene) glycol 400 and NADESs (specifically, choline chloride/sucrose with molar ratios of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1). By analyzing the compositions of tie-lines, it was observed that these ABSs, which consist of four components, exhibit characteristics similar to ternary systems. To examine the influence of molar ratios on phase separation, the binodal model was applied to the obtained binodal data. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were employed to establish correlations for the tie-lines. Moreover, we examined the extraction capabilities of the aforementioned ABSs for three commonly used drugs: diclofenac potassium, acetaminophen, and salicylic acid. To assess the efficiency of extraction, partition coefficients and extraction efficiencies were calculated for each drug. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency of these drugs into the polymer-rich top phase is dependent on their hydrophobicity. Furthermore, we employed the Diamond-Hsu equation, along with its modified version, to establish correlations between the experimental partition coefficients of the drugs and NADES overall concentrations.
PubMed: 38633497
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07066b -
RSC Advances Apr 2024MOF-808, owing to the synergistic effect of its large surface area and surface charge matching, showed a diclofenac sodium (DCF) removal capacity as high as 630 mg g,...
MOF-808, owing to the synergistic effect of its large surface area and surface charge matching, showed a diclofenac sodium (DCF) removal capacity as high as 630 mg g, and the ability to adsorb 436 mg g DCF in two hours, outperforming many common Zr-MOFs under the same conditions. Importantly, a series of free-standing mixed-matrix membranes made by combining polyacrylonitrile with MOF-808 were fabricated and exhibited high efficiency of removing DCF from water an easily accessible filtration method.
PubMed: 38628470
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08682h -
European Endodontic Journal Apr 2024To compare the effect of pre-treatment transdermal and oral diclofenac on post-endodontic pain level and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in patients with...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of pre-treatment transdermal and oral diclofenac on post-endodontic pain level and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis in mandibular molars following single visit root canal treatment.
METHODS
This parallel-arm, randomised, double-blinded clinical trial is reported according to the Consoli-dated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2020 guidelines. The protocol was approved by the Institu-tional Ethical Committee on 30th March 2021 (MADC/IEC-I/029/2021) and registered at the clinical trial reg-istry of India (CTRI/2021/12/038696). Adult patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were randomised into two groups. Group DTP received a diclofenac transdermal patch 100 mg, and Group DOT received a diclofenac oral tablet 100 mg one hour before root canal treatment. Pain scores were checked at baseline, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the treatment. OHRQOL was assessed at baseline and one week after the treatment.
RESULTS
Both groups were associated with a significantly lower incidence of post-operative pain and im-proved OHRQOL. At 2 hours, the pain level was significantly lower with an oral diclofenac tablet, and at 24 hours, the pain level was significantly lower with a diclofenac transdermal patch. Regarding OHRQOL, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, the diclofenac transdermal patch had lesser post-operative pain at 24 hours, whereas the oral diclofenac tablet had lesser pain at 2 hours.
PubMed: 38619496
DOI: 10.14744/eej.2024.37233 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024This study involved creating oligomeric conjugates of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and diclofenac, named Dic-oligo(3HAs). Advanced NMR techniques confirmed no free diclofenac...
Physicochemical, structural and biological characterisation of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) supplemented with diclofenac acid conjugates - Harnessing the potential in the construction of materials for skin regeneration processes.
This study involved creating oligomeric conjugates of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and diclofenac, named Dic-oligo(3HAs). Advanced NMR techniques confirmed no free diclofenac in the mix. We tested diclofenac release under conditions resembling healthy and chronic wound skin. These oligomers were used to make P(3HO) blends, forming patches for drug delivery. Their preparation used the solvent casting/porogen leaching (SCPL) method. The patches' properties like porosity, roughness, and wettability were thoroughly analysed. Antimicrobial assays showed that Dic-oligo(3HAs) exhibited antimicrobial activity against reference (S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. faecalis) and clinical (Staphylococcus spp.) strains. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell line tests, as per ISO 10993-5, showed no toxicity. A clear link between material roughness and HaCaT cell adhesion was found. Deep cell infiltration was verified using DAPI and phalloidin staining, observed under confocal microscopy. SEM also confirmed HaCaT cell growth on these scaffolds. The strong adhesion and proliferation of HaCaT cells on these materials indicate their potential as wound dressing layers. Additionally, the successful diclofenac release tests point to their applicability in treating both normal and chronic wounds.
Topics: Diclofenac; Humans; Skin; Regeneration; Keratinocytes; HaCaT Cells; Wound Healing; Cell Proliferation; Chemical Phenomena; Cell Line; Polymers; Porosity; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 38614181
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131476 -
Endocrine Connections Jun 2024Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are complex autoimmune diseases. This study delved into the impact of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), simvastatin,...
Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are complex autoimmune diseases. This study delved into the impact of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), simvastatin, and/or diclofenac on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Specifically, we explored alterations in IL-1B, IL-6, PTGS2 expression, B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation, and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. We also assessed IGF1's influence on B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. PBMCs from Graves' patients were exposed to CSE with/without simvastatin and/or diclofenac. Gene and protein expression was compared with untreated PBMCs. B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation was assessed following IGF1 treatment. PBMCs exposed to CSE exhibited increased expression of IL-1B (6-fold), IL-6 (10-fold), and PTGS2 (5.6-fold), and protein levels of IL-1B (4-fold), IL-6 (16-fold) and PGE2 (3.7-fold) compared with untreated PBMCs. Simvastatin and/or diclofenac downregulated the expression of PTGS2 (0.5-fold), IL-6 (0.4-fold), and IL-1B (0.6-fold), and the protein levels of IL-1B (0.6-fold), IL-6 (0.6-fold), and PGE2 (0.6-fold) compared with untreated PBMCs. CSE exposure in PBMCs increased the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes by 1.3-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with untreated. CSE exposure increased IgG (1.5-fold) in supernatant from PBMCs isolated from Graves' patients. IGF1 treatment increased the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes by 1.6-fold. Simvastatin downregulated the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes by 0.7-fold. Our study shows that CSE significantly upregulated the expression and release of the inflammatory markers PTGS2, IL-6 and IL-1B,the IgG levels, and the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Additionally, IGF1 increased the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Finally, these effects were decreased by diclofenac and/or simvastatin treatment.
PubMed: 38614122
DOI: 10.1530/EC-23-0374 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of biochar produced by pyrolysis from recovered wastewater cellulose and activated biologically as an admixture in...
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of biochar produced by pyrolysis from recovered wastewater cellulose and activated biologically as an admixture in Constructed Wetlands (CWs) when applied as a post-treatment step to remove micropollutants (MPs) from municipal wastewater effluent. Two planted vertical flow mesocosm CWs with cellulose-based admixtures of different origins (plant residue and recovered toilet paper) were fed with a municipal wastewater effluent representative for rural catchments. The results showed an average MPs elimination of 89.1 % for the activated biochar produced from recovered cellulose when 15 relevant compounds are considered and a reduction of the risk from compounds cocktail below the maximum acceptable level having diclofenac, carbamazepine, PFOS, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin as main risk drivers (Risk Quotient > 1). The implementation of a circular approach to reduce MPs was finally conducted for the Blies catchment (Saarland region in Germany) characterized by low population density and small, sensitive water bodies. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of combining cellulose recovery with a fine sieve in large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and providing biochar produced from recovered cellulose as an admixture to small WWTP where CW is an affordable solution for MP mitigation.
Topics: Wetlands; Charcoal; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Cellulose; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Germany
PubMed: 38608911
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172055 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severely affects patients' quality of life and is commonly treated with glucocorticosteroids injections, like dexamethasone, which may have...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severely affects patients' quality of life and is commonly treated with glucocorticosteroids injections, like dexamethasone, which may have side effects. This study aimed to create a novel low dose of twin-drug hydrogel containing dexamethasone and diclofenac and explore its potential as a drug delivery system for an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Its characterization involved rheology, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated thixotropic properties. The hydrogel exhibited no cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory efficacy by effectively downregulating the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The co-delivery approach, when intra-articularly injected in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, significantly alleviated chronic inflammation leading to reduced synovitis, delayed bone erosion onset, and the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. The biocompatibility and adverse effect evaluation indicated good biological safety. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated efficacy in reducing NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and inhibited p-NF-kB, COX-2, and iNOS expression both in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the joints of AIA rats. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the hydrogel possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity, which effectively addresses the limitations associated with free forms. It presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of RA.
PubMed: 38607179
DOI: 10.3390/nano14070645 -
Cureus Mar 2024Background Herbal medicine, or phytotherapy, has been used for centuries in traditional healing practices to harness the therapeutic properties of different...
Background Herbal medicine, or phytotherapy, has been used for centuries in traditional healing practices to harness the therapeutic properties of different plant-derived elements. , a perennial herbaceous plant, has significant historical importance in traditional medicine, specifically in Ayurveda, where it is referred to as "Vacha." This study investigates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial characteristics of the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract. The objectives of the research are to provide valuable knowledge about the preparation of DMSO extract and to explore its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Materials and methods The DMSO extract was derived from leaves, and its antioxidant activity was evaluated through the use of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (HO assay), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the Bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay, egg albumin (EA) denaturation assay, and membrane stabilization assays. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the agar well diffusion technique and the time-kill curve assay. Results In DPPH and HO tests, the DMSO extract of showed significant antioxidant activity, near that of standard ascorbic acid. The FRAP assay demonstrated a correlation between the dose and the activity of reducing ferric ions. The DMSO extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties in BSA and EA denaturation assays, similar to the standard diclofenac sodium. The anti-inflammatory potential of the DMSO extract was further confirmed through the membrane stabilization assay. The DMSO extract of exhibited a significant inhibition zone against the pathogens and during the antimicrobial evaluation, surpassing the efficacy of the standard antibiotic. The time-kill curve assay validated the antibacterial efficacy, which was dependent on the concentration. Conclusion The DMSO extract exhibited promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, supporting its traditional use in alternative medicine. The findings suggest its potential as a natural resource of compounds with bioactive properties for use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
PubMed: 38606241
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55987 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024A new series of imidazothiazole derivatives bearing thiazolidinone moiety (4a-g and 5a-d) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for potential epidermal growth factor...
Design, synthesis, biological assessment and molecular modeling studies of novel imidazothiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
A new series of imidazothiazole derivatives bearing thiazolidinone moiety (4a-g and 5a-d) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for potential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibition, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity, cardiomyopathy toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Compound 4c inhibited EGFR kinase at a concentration of 18.35 ± 1.25 µM, whereas standard drug erlotinib showed IC value of 06.12 ± 0.92 µM. The molecular docking, dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA binding energy calculations revealed strong interaction of compound 4c with binding site of EGFR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity by MTT assay against three human cancer cell lines A549 (Lung), MCF-7 (Breast), HCT116 (Colon), one normal human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 and also for their EGFR kinase inhibitory activity. Few compounds of the series (4a, 4b, 4c) showed promising growth inhibition against all the tested cancer cell lines and against EGFR kinase. Among these, compound 4c was found to be most active and displayed IC value of 10.74 ± 0.40, 18.73 ± 0.88 against cancer cell lines A549 and MCF7 respectively whereas it showed an IC value of 96.38 ± 1.79 against HEK293 cell line indicating lesser cytotoxicity for healthy cell. Compounds 4a, 4b and 4c were also examined for their apoptosis inducing potential through AO/EB dual staining assay and it was observed that their antiproliferative activity against A549 cells is mediated via induction of apoptosis. Cardiomyopathy studies showed normal cardiomyocytes with no marked sign of pyknotic nucleus of compounds 4b and 4c. Hepatotoxicity studies of compounds 4b and 4c also showed normal architecture of hepatocytes. Compounds 4a-g and 5a-d were also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by protein albumin denaturation assay. Among the tested compounds 4a-d and 5a-b showed promising activity and were selected for in-vivo inflammatory activity against carrageenan rat paw edema test. Among these compounds, 4b was found to be most active in the series showing 84.94% inhibition, whereas the standard drug diclofenac sodium showed 84.57% inhibition. Compound 4b also showed low ulcerogenic potential and lipid peroxidation. Thus, compounds 4c and 4b could be a promising lead compounds for developing anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents with low toxicity and selectivity.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Structure-Activity Relationship; Cell Line, Tumor; Molecular Docking Simulation; HEK293 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; ErbB Receptors; Cardiomyopathies; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Molecular Structure; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Cell Proliferation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 38605072
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59063-x