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American Journal of Preventive... Jun 2024The American Heart Association's (AHA) Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score is a helpful tool to quantify cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics. We sought to assess sex...
BACKGROUND
The American Heart Association's (AHA) Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score is a helpful tool to quantify cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics. We sought to assess sex differences in relation to LE8 and its components along with association with mortality.
METHODS
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2018 was utilized to evaluate the prevalence of health metrics included in LE8 among adult participants > age 18, stratified by sex. We categorized overall CVH, health factors, and health behaviors into 3 levels (low: <50, moderate: 50 -79, high: ≥80) following the AHA's algorithm. Health metrics were further subdivided into health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and health factors (body mass index, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure). LE8 scores were also evaluated based on age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between the levels of CVH and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with adjustment for age group and race.
RESULTS
Among 22,761 participants, 52 % were female. Overall CVH score was similar in both females and males (65.8 vs. 65.9). Females had higher health factors score (64.3 vs. 63.1, < 0.001) and lower health behaviors score (67.2 vs 68.6, < 0.001). Amongst individual metrics, blood pressure score was higher in females (73.2 vs. 67.7, < 0.001) while males had higher physical activity score (70.6 vs. 54.9, < 0.001). For individuals under 65 years of age, overall CVH and health factors scores were higher in females while in those age 65 or older, males had higher scores. The most prominent sex differences were noted in non-Hispanic Black females who had significantly lower CVH scores than Black males (62.6 vs. 74.7, respectively, < 0.001. High LE8 scores vs. low LE8 scores demonstrated lower all-cause (HR 0.37 vs 0.35) and CV mortality (HR 0.35 vs. 0.36) in both males and females, respectively (p-interaction 0.21 and 0.28). High health behaviors scores also demonstrated a significant association with lower all-cause (0.34 vs. 0.24) and CV mortality (HR 0.47 vs. 0.26) in both males and females, respectively (p-interaction 0.20 and 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate important sex differences in CVH metrics along with notable variations based on age and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, we highlight that CVH metrics including health factors and health behaviors are associated with mortality in both females and males. These findings underscore the importance of designing and implementing effective strategies for both sexes, aimed at targeting these specific factors.
PubMed: 38939696
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100685 -
Current Developments in Nutrition Jun 2024It is generally accepted that excessive fat intake has undesirable effects on the energy metabolism of our body. Dietary amino acid composition is also critical to the...
BACKGROUND
It is generally accepted that excessive fat intake has undesirable effects on the energy metabolism of our body. Dietary amino acid composition is also critical to the regulation of lipid metabolism.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate whether high-fat diets (HFDs) with different amino acid deficiencies lead to different metabolic outcomes.
METHODS
Six-wk-old male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet (CN; 3.7 kcal/g, 12% calories from fat) or HFDs (5.1 kcal/g, 60% calories from fat) with 7 different amino acid compositions [control or methionine, arginine, histidine, lysine, threonine, or branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) deficient], for 7 d. Tissue weights and lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were measured, and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed.
RESULTS
Although the food intake of the HFD groups was a little less than that of the CN group, the total calorie intakes were comparable among the groups, except for histidine-deficient and BCAA-deficient groups. In rats fed am HFD with a control amino acid composition (HFCN), dramatic increase in triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver and serum LDL cholesterol concentration were observed compared with the CN group. However, when the arginine content in the diet was reduced, liver TG accumulation was completely inhibited, with no apparent effects on serum lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. Meanwhile, deficiency of the other amino acids, such as threonine, reversed HFD-induced upregulation of serum LDL cholesterol.
CONCLUSIONS
It is observed that although the rats ingested an excessive amount of fat, neither ectopic fat accumulation nor dyslipidemia were always induced at least in the short term; hence, the consequent metabolic change was dependent on the dietary amino acid composition. These findings introduce an important perspective regarding HFD regimens in both scientific and clinical contexts.
PubMed: 38939648
DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103768 -
F1000Research 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common with a global prevalence of 4%. Dietary regimes with a low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyol... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common with a global prevalence of 4%. Dietary regimes with a low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) or a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) have proven to be efficient. The aim of the present study was to describe the recruitment process for a randomized dietary trial with low FODMAP or SSRD for 4 weeks with a follow-up period of 5 months. The results of the dietary trial itself are not included in this paper but will be presented in another publication.
METHODS
The County of Skåne, with 1,41 million inhabitants, was used as a base to perform a dietary trial in which IBS patients, age 18-70 years, were randomized to either low FODMAP or SSRD for 4 weeks. The estimated number of IBS patients in the actual age span was approximately 32,000. The trial was announced through lectures, letters to all primary healthcare centers (n=203), social media (two campaigns), and invitations to IBS patients identified in medical records (n=744).
RESULTS
Three referrals arrived from the healthcare system, 17 patients contacted the investigators in person after receiving information from their healthcare center, and four patients contacted the investigators after recommendations from friends. Of these, 14 were enrolled in the study. From social media, 218 names were delivered, of which 93 fulfilled the study criteria and were willing to participate when contacted by the investigators (42.7%). Of the 3587 identified IBS patients in medical records in close proximity to the hospital, 744 were randomly contacted. Forty-eight patients (6.5 %) were willing to be included in the study. Thus, 155 patients with IBS were included in this study.
CONCLUSIONS
The inclusion rate for dietary intervention was very low considering the large population informed about the study. Announcements on social media seem to be the best way to recruit patients for intervention.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT05192603, 29/11/2021, ClinicalTrials.gov. The PRS URL is https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Adolescent; Aged; Patient Selection; Young Adult
PubMed: 38939366
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.147710.2 -
Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny 2024In recent years, the issue of widespread increased body weight in combination with blood glycaemic changes in the able-bodied population of Kazakhstan has become...
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the issue of widespread increased body weight in combination with blood glycaemic changes in the able-bodied population of Kazakhstan has become especially acute, which in turn leads to dangerous complications and an increased burden on the country's healthcare structures.
AIM
To investigate the effectiveness of early prevention of overweight, obesity, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the able-bodied workers at an industrial facility in Kazakhstan.Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2019-2021 using elements of both empirical (observation, comparison, measurement) and theoretical (analysis and synthesis, statistical processing of results with the calculation of the reliability criterion) models of scientific knowledge.
RESULTS
The factors that have a correlation with this pathology and the strength of their interaction have been studied. New approaches to primary prevention have been developed, and algorithms have been formulated not only for the early detection of pathologies but also for the most effective and efficient methods of combating the occurrence of such pathologies in the population.
CONCLUSIONS
To prevent the further spread of the phenomenon of overweight among workers in the industrial sector of Kazakhstan, the following measures are necessary: daily walking (more than 10,000 steps), dosed physical activity in the form of cardio and swimming, and nutrition correction (Mediterranean diet) with alcohol restriction. This prevention significantly reduces body weight and optimizes carbohydrate metabolism.
PubMed: 38939062
DOI: 10.5114/pg.2023.134368 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024722.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024722.].
PubMed: 38938669
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1416210 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Dietary choices play a crucial role in influencing systemic inflammation and the eventual development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The Dietary Inflammatory Index...
INTRODUCTION
Dietary choices play a crucial role in influencing systemic inflammation and the eventual development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) is a novel tool designed to assess the inflammatory potential of one's diet. Firefighting, which is characterized by high-stress environments and elevated CVD risk, represents an interesting context for exploring the dietary inflammatory-CVD connection.
AIM
This study aims to investigate the associations between Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) scores and cardiometabolic risk parameters among US firefighters.
METHODS
The study analyzed 413 participants from the Indianapolis Fire Department who took part in a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-sponsored Mediterranean diet intervention trial. Thorough medical evaluations, encompassing physical examinations, standard laboratory tests, resting electrocardiograms, and submaximal treadmill exercise testing, were carried out. Participants also completed a detailed food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary patterns, and E-DII scores were subsequently computed based on the gathered information.
RESULTS
Participants had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 ± 4.5 kg/m and an average body fat percentage of 28.1 ± 6.6%. Regression analyses, adjusted for sex, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO max), max metabolic equivalents (METS), age, and body fat percentage, revealed significant associations between high vs. low E-DII scores and total cholesterol ( = 10.37, = 0.04). When comparing low median E-DII scores there is an increase in glucose ( = 0.91, = 0.72) and total cholesterol ( = 5.51, = 0.26).
CONCLUSION
Our findings support an association between higher E-DII scores and increasing adiposity, as well as worse lipid profiles.
PubMed: 38938668
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1382306 -
International Journal of Inflammation 2024Peptides are widely used as natural bio-small molecules because of their various pharmacological activities such as enhancing immunity, promoting wound healing, and...
Peptides are widely used as natural bio-small molecules because of their various pharmacological activities such as enhancing immunity, promoting wound healing, and improving inflammation. Alcoholic heart injury has become one of the major health problems worldwide, and alcohol consumption is now the main cause of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. In this study, deer heart peptides were extracted from deer hearts by enzymatic digestion and the antioxidant activity of deer heart peptides extracted at different times was evaluated by three in vitro antioxidant methods, and the active peptide with the best enzymatic effect has been selected for in vivo animal experiments. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of deer heart enzymatic extracts were evaluated in in vivo experiments in mice. In this study, mice were orally gavaged with white wine (12 mL/kg body weight) to induce a mouse model of cardiac injury, while mice were orally administered a single dose of 100 mg/kg/bw and 200 mg/kg/bw of deer heart enzyme digest and were examined for body weight, dietary intake, water intake, and coat gloss, as well as for general behaviors, adverse effects, and mortality. Histology, serum, anti-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress parameters were subsequently assessed. In all modeled mice, no four-way or any significant behavioral changes were observed in all groups, but in the modeled group, mice showed weight loss, decreased diet and water intake, and decreased cardiac index. For in vivo tests, the extract inhibited the anti-inflammatory activity with a significant decrease in inflammatory factors of TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 in cardiac tissues, a significant increase in serum levels of both CAT and SOD, an increase in MDA content, and a remarkable increase in the level of the marker CK in the cardiac myocardial enzyme profile. Significant improvement in myocardial disorders by deer heart peptide could be observed from heart tissue sections. The present study emphasizes the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of deer heart peptide, an enzymatic digest of deer heart, which provides empirical as well as supportive role for the anti-inflammatory properties of traditional medicine.
PubMed: 38938287
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6661371 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective of this study was to determine if a formulated blend of capsicum oleoresin, clove essential oil, and garlic essential oil (Fytera® Advance - Selko® USA,...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine if a formulated blend of capsicum oleoresin, clove essential oil, and garlic essential oil (Fytera® Advance - Selko® USA, Indianapolis IN; CCG) influences measures of cattle growth, efficiency, or carcass traits, during the finishing phase in steers fed a concentrate-based diet.
METHODS
Charolais × Angus steers (n = 96; initial shrunk BW = 391± 34.0 kg) were used in a 144-d (16 February 2023 to 9 July 2023) finishing feedlot experiment in Brookings, SD. Steers were individually weighed and allotted to one of 14 pens (6 to 7 steers; 7 pens/treatment) in a randomized complete block design and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control diet without the test product (CON) or a diet including CCG at 500 mg/steer daily (CCG). Steers were fed twice daily, and bunks were managed according to a slick bunk system.
RESULTS
There were no differences (P ≥ 0.10) in any growth performance outcomes from d 1 to 35, 36 to 70, or 71 to 98. From d 99 to 144 steers from CCG tended to have 5% greater ADG (P = 0.09) and 8% improved G:F (P = 0.01). No differences (P ≥ 0.15) were noted for cumulative growth performance measures. No differences were noted for any carcass measurements or categorical carcass outcomes, nor lung or liver health outcomes (P ≥ 0.15).
CONCLUSION
The use of CCG had no influence on cumulative growth performance responses. However, the use of CCG improved G:F during the late feeding period.
PubMed: 38938036
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0125 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objectives were to validate a previously published equation for estimating basal endogenous losses (BEL) of crude protein (CP) in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets and to...
OBJECTIVE
The objectives were to validate a previously published equation for estimating basal endogenous losses (BEL) of crude protein (CP) in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets and to develop prediction equations for BEL of CP and amino acids (AA).
METHODS
A total of 139 observations from 123 experiments in 117 papers that determined the BEL of CP and AA in pigs were collected. For the validation of the previous equation for the BEL of CP, 94 observations that were not used for developing the previous equation were used. All observations were used to develop novel equations for estimating BEL of CP in pigs based on the initial body weight (IBW).
RESULTS
The validation study indicated that the slope for BEL of CP, representing a linear bias, was less than zero (-0.56; SE = 0.130; p<0.001). The intercept for BEL of CP, representing a mean bias, was less than zero (-3.21; SE = 0.488; p<0.001). The models for estimating BEL of CP (g/kg dry matter intake) in pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet were developed: 20.36 - 0.077 × IBW with R2 = 0.11 and p<0.001 and 20.80 × e(-0.00475 × IBW) with R2 = 0.12 and p<0.001. Novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA were developed using BEL of CP as the independent variable.
CONCLUSION
The accuracy of the previous equation for estimating BEL of CP in pigs has been improved by reflecting additional data from recent publications. In the novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA of pigs, BEL of CP was used as an independent variable.
PubMed: 38938035
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0197 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile,...
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile, and microbiota in broiler chickens fed a diet containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15.
METHODS
A total of 120-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A control group was fed a corn-soybean meal control diet, and an NSMJ15-supplemented group was fed a control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg L. paracasei NSMJ15 at the expense of cornstarch. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with 10 birds per cage. Growth performance was recorded on day 9. On day 10, one bird representing median body weight was selected to collect serum for antioxidant enzyme activity, jejunal tissue for immune cell isolation and morphometric analysis, and cecal digesta for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis.
RESULTS
Supplementation of L. paracasei NSMJ15 did not affect growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and jejunal histomorphology compared to the control group. In the NSMJ15-supplemented group, the population of CD3+CD4+CD8- T cells increased (p=0.010), while the population of CD3+CD8+TCRγδ+ T cells decreased (p=0.022) compared to the control group. The L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation decreased (p=0.022) acetate concentration in the cecal digesta compared to the control group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that NSMJ15-supplemented group differentially expressed (p<0.05) 10 more amplicon sequence variants compared to control group without affecting alpha and beta diversity indices of the cecal microbiota. Genera Mediterraneibacter and Negativibacillus were positively (p<0.05) correlated with CD4+ T cells, while genera Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Massilimicrobiota, and Blautia were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with SCFA concentration.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study suggest dietary L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation may increase percentage of CD4+ T cells and decrease acetate concentration in broiler chickens by increasing the differential expression of specific microbial genera.
PubMed: 38938030
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0162