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Nutrients May 2024Gut microbiome-modulating agents (MMAs), including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, are shown to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D) by restoring the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Gut microbiome-modulating agents (MMAs), including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, are shown to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D) by restoring the microbiome from dysbiosis. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of MMAs on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and biomarkers associated with (T1D). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, National Knowledge Infrastructure, WeiPu, and WanFang Data up to 30 November 2023. Ten randomized controlled trials ( = 630) were included, with study quality evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Random-effect models with standardized mean differences (SMDs) were utilized. MMA supplementation was associated with improvements in HbA1c (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI [-0.83, -0.20]), daily insulin usage (SMD = -0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.76, -0.07]), and fasting C-peptide (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI [0.17, 1.81]) but had no effects on FBG, CRP, TNF-α, IL-10, LDL, HDL, and the Shannon index. Subgroup analysis of HbA1c indicated that a long-term intervention (>3 months) might exert a more substantial effect. These findings suggest an association between MMAs and glycemic control in T1D. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings with investigations on inflammation and gut microbiota composition while adjusting confounding factors such as diet, physical activity, and the dose and form of MMA intervention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Glycated Hemoglobin; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Biomarkers; Synbiotics; Dietary Supplements; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; Male
PubMed: 38892608
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111675 -
Nutrients May 2024The nutrient intake of persons with diabetes placed on a low-carbohydrate diet remains unclear. This study aimed to assess nutrient intake in persons with type 2... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The nutrient intake of persons with diabetes placed on a low-carbohydrate diet remains unclear. This study aimed to assess nutrient intake in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a low-carbohydrate diet. The brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to collect the dietary information of 335 outpatients at Kitasato Institute Hospital, while their clinical characteristics were collected from their electronic medical records. The median age, HbA1c level, and body mass index of the participants were 68 (60-74) years, 49 (45-55) mmol/mol [6.7 (6.3-7.2)%], and 24.0 (21.8-26.7) kg/m, respectively; median energy intake was 1457 (1153-1786) kcal/day; and protein-energy, fat-energy, and available carbohydrate-energy ratios were 18.6 (15.7-21.4)%E, 36.8 (31.6-43.2)%E, and 34.6 (26.0-42.4)%E, respectively. As the available carbohydrate-energy ratio decreased, the fat-energy ratio increased significantly. The total dietary fibre and salt intake were 7.1 (5.6-8.4) g/1000 kcal and 6.5 (5.6-7.5) g/1000 kcal, respectively. Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus placed on a low-carbohydrate diet had a fat-to-energy ratio exceeding 30%, while the fat-energy ratio increased as the carbohydrate-energy ratio decreased.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Aged; Japan; Energy Intake; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycated Hemoglobin; Body Mass Index; East Asian People
PubMed: 38892591
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111658 -
Nutrients May 2024The acceleration of aging is a risk factor for numerous diseases, and diet has been identified as an especially effective anti-aging method. Currently, research on the...
The acceleration of aging is a risk factor for numerous diseases, and diet has been identified as an especially effective anti-aging method. Currently, research on the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging remains limited, with existing studies focusing on the intake of a small number of individual dietary nutrients. Comprehensive research on the single and mixed anti-aging effects of dietary nutrients has not been conducted. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of numerous dietary nutrient intakes, both singly and in combination, on the acceleration of aging. Data for this study were extracted from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The acceleration of aging was measured by phenotypic age acceleration. Linear regression (linear), restricted cubic spline (RCS) (nonlinear), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) (mixed effect) models were used to explore the association between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging. A total of 4692 participants aged ≥ 20 were included in this study. In fully adjusted models, intakes of 16 nutrients were negatively associated with accelerated aging (protein, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, dietary fiber, and alcohol). Intakes of total sugars, vitamin C, vitamin K, caffeine, and alcohol showed significant nonlinear associations with accelerated aging. Additionally, mixed dietary nutrient intakes were negatively associated with accelerated aging. Single dietary nutrients as well as mixed nutrient intake may mitigate accelerated aging. Moderately increasing the intake of specific dietary nutrients and maintaining dietary balance may be key strategies to prevent accelerated aging.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Diet; Nutrients; Aging; Aged; Young Adult; Eating; Linear Models
PubMed: 38892569
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111635 -
Nutrients May 2024The diversity and functionality of gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the function of human motor-related systems. In addition to traditional nutritional... (Review)
Review
The diversity and functionality of gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the function of human motor-related systems. In addition to traditional nutritional supplements, there is growing interest in microecologics due to their potential to enhance sports performance and facilitate post-exercise recovery by modulating the gut microecological environment. However, there is a lack of relevant reviews on this topic. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the effects of various types of microecologics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, on enhancing sports performance and facilitating post-exercise recovery by regulating energy metabolism, mitigating oxidative-stress-induced damage, modulating immune responses, and attenuating bone loss. Although further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which microecologics exert their effects. In summary, this study aims to provide scientific evidence for the future development of microecologics in athletics.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Performance; Athletes; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Exercise; Prebiotics; Synbiotics; Energy Metabolism; Oxidative Stress; Dietary Supplements; Post-Exercise Recovery
PubMed: 38892536
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111602 -
Nutrients May 2024Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) prevents translocation and inflammation via direct binding of microbial components. Recently, SBI also displayed potential...
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) prevents translocation and inflammation via direct binding of microbial components. Recently, SBI also displayed potential benefits through gut microbiome modulation. To confirm and expand upon these preliminary findings, SBI digestion and colonic fermentation were investigated using the clinically predictive ex vivo SIFR technology (for 24 human adults) that was, for the first time, combined with host cells (epithelial/immune (Caco-2/THP-1) cells). SBI (human equivalent dose (HED) = 2 and 5 g/day) and the reference prebiotic inulin (IN; HED = 2 g/day) significantly promoted gut barrier integrity and did so more profoundly than a dietary protein (DP), especially upon LPS-induced inflammation. SBI also specifically lowered inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CXCL10). SBI and IN both enhanced SCFA (acetate/propionate/butyrate) via specific gut microbes, while SBI specifically stimulated valerate/bCFA and indole-3-propionic acid (health-promoting tryptophan metabolite). Finally, owing to the high-powered cohort (n = 24), treatment effects could be stratified based on initial microbiota composition: IN exclusively stimulated (acetate/non-gas producing) for subjects classifying as /-enterotype donors, coinciding with high acetate/low gas production and thus likely better tolerability of IN. Altogether, this study strongly suggests gut microbiome modulation as a mechanism by which SBI promotes health. Moreover, the SIFR technology was shown to be a powerful tool to stratify treatment responses and support future personalized nutrition approaches.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cattle; Adult; Animals; Male; Inflammation; Female; Caco-2 Cells; Immunoglobulins; Colon; Inulin; THP-1 Cells; Fermentation; Middle Aged; Prebiotics; Intestinal Mucosa; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 38892520
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111585 -
Nutrients May 2024Several studies show that gut microbiotas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differ from those in a healthy population, suggesting that this... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Several studies show that gut microbiotas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differ from those in a healthy population, suggesting that this alteration plays a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. We investigated whether prebiotic administration affects liver fat content and/or liver-related and metabolic parameters. Patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (age: 50 ± 11; 79% men) were randomized to receive either 16 g/day of prebiotic (ITFs-inulin-type fructans) ( = 8) or placebo (maltodextrin) ( = 11) for 12 weeks. Patients were instructed to maintain a stable weight throughout the study. Liver fat content (measured by HMRS), fecal microbiota, and metabolic, inflammatory, and liver parameters were determined before and after intervention. Fecal samples from patients who received the prebiotic had an increased content of ( = 0.025), which was not observed with the placebo. However, the baseline and end-of-study liver fat contents did not change significantly in the prebiotic and placebo groups, neither did the liver function tests' metabolic and inflammatory mediators, including fibroblast growth factor-19 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Body weight remained stable in both groups. These findings suggest that prebiotic treatment without weight reduction is insufficient to improve NAFLD.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Prebiotics; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Pilot Projects; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adult; Liver; Feces; Bifidobacterium; Double-Blind Method; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 38892505
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111571 -
Nutrients May 2024Arabic gum, a high molecular weight heteropolysaccharide, is a promising prebiotic candidate as its fermentation occurs more distally in the colon, which is the region...
Arabic gum, a high molecular weight heteropolysaccharide, is a promising prebiotic candidate as its fermentation occurs more distally in the colon, which is the region where most chronic colonic diseases originate. Baobab fiber could be complementary due to its relatively simple structure, facilitating breakdown in the proximal colon. Therefore, the current study aimed to gain insight into how the human gut microbiota was affected in response to long-term baobab fiber and Arabic gum supplementation when tested individually or as a combination of both, allowing the identification of potential complementary and/or synergetic effects. The validated Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), an in vitro gut model simulating the entire human gastrointestinal tract, was used. The microbial metabolic activity was examined, and quantitative 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing was used to monitor the gut microbial composition. Moreover, the effect on the gut microbial metabolome was quantitatively analyzed. Repeated administration of baobab fiber, Arabic gum, and their combination had a significant effect on the metabolic activity, diversity index, and community composition of the microbiome present in the simulated proximal and distal colon with specific impacts on and . Despite the lower dosage strategy (2.5 g/day), co-supplementation of both compounds resulted in some specific synergistic prebiotic effects, including a biological activity throughout the entire colon, SCFA synthesis including a synergy on propionate, specifically increasing abundance of and in the distal colon region, and enhancing levels of spermidine and other metabolites of interest (such as serotonin and ProBetaine).
Topics: Prebiotics; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gum Arabic; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Colon; Fermentation; Bacteria
PubMed: 38892504
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111570 -
Nutrients May 2024A bioactive aqueous extract powder (SPAE) was obtained by spray drying and its performance in terms of physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, inflammatory...
A bioactive aqueous extract powder (SPAE) was obtained by spray drying and its performance in terms of physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, inflammatory factors, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota was explored. The results indicated that the SPAE exhibited a more uniform particle size distribution than polysaccharide (PEP). Meanwhile, a typical absorption peak observed at 843 cm in the SPAE FTIR spectra indicated the existence of α-glycosidic bonds. SPAE exhibited higher antioxidant abilities and superior resistance to digestion in vitro. In addition, SPAE supplementation to mice significantly reduced the release of factors that promote inflammation, enhanced the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and sustained maximum production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, it significantly enhanced the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing and reduced the abundance of and in intestines of mice. These results show the potential of SPAE as a novel material with prebiotic effects for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Topics: Pleurotus; Prebiotics; Animals; Spray Drying; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Powders; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Antioxidants; Male; Particle Size; Digestion; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38892489
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111555 -
Nutrients May 2024Understanding the relationship between the intake of sugars and diet quality can inform public health recommendations. This systematic review synthesized recent... (Review)
Review
Understanding the relationship between the intake of sugars and diet quality can inform public health recommendations. This systematic review synthesized recent literature on associations between sugar intake and diet quality in generally healthy populations aged 2 years or older. We searched databases from 2010 to 2022 for studies of any design examining associations between quantified sugar intake in the daily diet and dietary indexes (DIs) or micronutrient intakes. Different sugar types and diet quality measures were analyzed separately. We converted DI results to Pearson's correlations and grouped indexes with or without a free or added sugar component to facilitate cross-study comparisons. Meta-analysis was deemed inappropriate. From 13,869 screened records, we included 27 cross-sectional studies. NUQUEST risk of bias ratings were neutral ( = 18 studies) or poor ( = 9), and strength of evidence by the GRADE approach was very low due to study design. Most studies reported negative associations for added and free sugars with diet quality indexes ( ranging from -0.13 to -0.42) and nutrients of public health concern (fiber, vitamin D, calcium, potassium), while associations with total sugars were mixed. Due to cross-sectional study designs, the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. Prospective studies are needed to minimize confounding and inform causal relationships.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Sugars; Diet; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Adult; Male; Diet, Healthy; Child; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Micronutrients; Child, Preschool; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38892483
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111549 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Nowadays, depressive disorder is spreading rapidly all over the world. Therefore, attention to the studies of the pathogenesis of the disease in order to find novel ways... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, depressive disorder is spreading rapidly all over the world. Therefore, attention to the studies of the pathogenesis of the disease in order to find novel ways of early diagnosis and treatment is increasing among the scientific and medical communities. Special attention is drawn to a biomarker and therapeutic strategy through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is known that the symbiotic interactions between the gut microbes and the host can affect mental health. The review analyzes the mechanisms and ways of action of the gut microbiota on the pathophysiology of depression. The possibility of using knowledge about the taxonomic composition and metabolic profile of the microbiota of patients with depression to select gene compositions (metagenomic signature) as biomarkers of the disease is evaluated. The use of in silico technologies (machine learning) for the diagnosis of depression based on the biomarkers of the gut microbiota is given. Alternative approaches to the treatment of depression are being considered by balancing the microbial composition through dietary modifications and the use of additives, namely probiotics, postbiotics (including vesicles) and prebiotics as psychobiotics, and fecal transplantation. The bacterium is under consideration as a promising new-generation probiotic and auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of depression. The analysis conducted in this review may be useful for clinical practice and pharmacology.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Depression; Probiotics; Biomarkers; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Brain-Gut Axis; Prebiotics
PubMed: 38891970
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115782