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The Lancet. Digital Health Jul 2024
PubMed: 38906608
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00100-6 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Delivery of Health Care; Language; Natural Language Processing
PubMed: 38906607
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00111-0 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Twin; Twins
PubMed: 38906606
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00086-4 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Risk Assessment; Algorithms; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 38906605
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00117-1 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Telemedicine; Digital Technology; Digital Health
PubMed: 38906604
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00122-5 -
Cognition Jun 2024It is often claimed that probabilistic expectations affect visual perception directly, without mediation by selective attention. However, these claims have been...
It is often claimed that probabilistic expectations affect visual perception directly, without mediation by selective attention. However, these claims have been disputed, as effects of expectation and attention are notoriously hard to dissociate experimentally. In this study, we used a new approach to separate expectations from attention. In four experiments (N = 60), participants searched for a target in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream and had to identify a digit or a letter defined by a low-level cue (colour or shape). Expectations about the target's alphanumeric category were probabilistically manipulated. Since category membership is a high-level feature and since the target was embedded among many distractors that shared its category, targets from the expected category should not attract attention more than targets from the unexpected category. In the first experiment, these targets were more likely to be identified relative to targets from the unexpected category. Importantly, in the following experiments, we also included behavioural and electrophysiological indices of attentional guidance and engagement. This allowed us to examine whether expectations also modulated these or earlier attentional processes. Results showed that category-based expectations had no modulatory effects on attention, and only affected processing at later encoding-related stages. Alternative interpretation of expectation effects in terms of repetition priming or response bias were also ruled out. These observations provide new evidence for direct attention-independent expectation effects on perception. We suggest that expectations can adjust the threshold required for encoding expectations-congruent information, thereby affecting the speed with which target objects are encoded in working memory.
PubMed: 38906015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105864 -
PLOS Digital Health Jun 2024Models for digital triage of sick children at emergency departments of hospitals in resource poor settings have been developed. However, prior to their adoption,...
Models for digital triage of sick children at emergency departments of hospitals in resource poor settings have been developed. However, prior to their adoption, external validation should be performed to ensure their generalizability. We externally validated a previously published nine-predictor paediatric triage model (Smart Triage) developed in Uganda using data from two hospitals in Kenya. Both discrimination and calibration were assessed, and recalibration was performed by optimizing the intercept for classifying patients into emergency, priority, or non-urgent categories based on low-risk and high-risk thresholds. A total of 2539 patients were eligible at Hospital 1 and 2464 at Hospital 2, and 5003 for both hospitals combined; admission rates were 8.9%, 4.5%, and 6.8%, respectively. The model showed good discrimination, with area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) of 0.826, 0.784 and 0.821, respectively. The pre-calibrated model at a low-risk threshold of 8% achieved a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval, (CI):89%-96%), 81% (CI:74%-88%), and 89% (CI:85%-92%), respectively, and at a high-risk threshold of 40%, the model achieved a specificity of 86% (CI:84%-87%), 96% (CI:95%-97%), and 91% (CI:90%-92%), respectively. Recalibration improved the graphical fit, but new risk thresholds were required to optimize sensitivity and specificity.The Smart Triage model showed good discrimination on external validation but required recalibration to improve the graphical fit of the calibration plot. There was no change in the order of prioritization of patients following recalibration in the respective triage categories. Recalibration required new site-specific risk thresholds that may not be needed if prioritization based on rank is all that is required. The Smart Triage model shows promise for wider application for use in triage for sick children in different settings.
PubMed: 38905166
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000293 -
PCN Reports : Psychiatry and Clinical... Jun 2024We investigated the effectiveness of an ultra-brief intervention (Ultra-BI) for patients with hazardous drinking behaviors admitted to a general hospital.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the effectiveness of an ultra-brief intervention (Ultra-BI) for patients with hazardous drinking behaviors admitted to a general hospital.
METHOD
In a quasi-randomized controlled trial at a general hospital in Japan, we assigned participants to intervention or control groups based on the last digit of their patient ID (odd for intervention, even for control). The study included inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores of ≥5 for men and ≥4 for women. The intervention involved providing advice and feedback within 1 min, accompanied by a leaflet on alcohol-related issues (Ultra-BI). The control group did not receive any intervention. The primary outcome was average weekly alcohol consumption at 3 months postintervention.
RESULTS
The study included 68 participants. The intervention group showed a reduction in average weekly alcohol consumption by -69.7 g/week compared to the control group (95% confidence interval [CI] -145.7 to 6.3 g/week, = 0.07). Post-hoc analysis, adjusting for baseline values, indicated a between-group difference of -78.7 g/week (95% CI -135.2 to -22.2 g/week, = 0.007).
CONCLUSION
This pilot trial suggests the potential effectiveness of the Ultra-BI in general hospital wards. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 38904063
DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.216 -
Frontiers in Digital Health 2024With advancements in communication technologies and internet connectivity, avatar robots for children who cannot attend school in person due to illness or disabilities...
INTRODUCTION
With advancements in communication technologies and internet connectivity, avatar robots for children who cannot attend school in person due to illness or disabilities have become more widespread. Introducing these technologies to the classroom aims to offer possibilities of social and educational inclusion. While implementation is still at an experimental level, several of these avatars have already been introduced as a marketable service. However, various obstacles impede widespread acceptance.
METHODS
In our explorative qualitative case study we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight individuals involved in the implementation of the avatar robots AV1 in Germany and eleven participants involved with implementing OriHime in Japan. We analyzed and compared implementation processes, application areas, access and eligibility, and the potential and limitations of avatars at schools.
RESULTS
We identified structural similarities and differences in both countries. In the German cases the target is defined as temporary use for children who cannot attend school in person because of childhood illness, with the clear goal of returning to school. Whereas in Japan OriHime is also implemented for children with physical or developmental disabilities, or who cannot attend school in person for other reasons.
DISCUSSION
Our study suggests that avatar technologies bear high potential for children to stay socially and educationally connected. Yet, structures need establishing that grant equal access to avatar technologies. These include educational board regulations, budgets for funding avatar technologies and making them accessible to the public, and privacy protection standards that are adequate, yet do not create implementation hurdles that are too high. Furthermore, guidelines or training sessions on technical, educational and psychosocial aspects of including avatar technologies in the classroom for teachers are important for successful implementation. Since our Japanese cases suggest that expanding the area of application beyond childhood illness is promising, further research on the benefits for different groups is needed.
PubMed: 38904032
DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1273415 -
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online Mar 2024The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and the rate of reoperation after closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of isolated closed...
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and the rate of reoperation after closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of isolated closed single-digit proximal phalanx fractures.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients who underwent CRPP of non-thumb closed proximal phalanx fractures between 2010 and 2020 at two level-I trauma centers and two community teaching hospitals. Demographics, fracture, and treatment characteristics were collected. The primary outcome measure was reoperation. Secondary outcome measures were complication and reoperation specifically for digital stiffness.
RESULTS
Of the 115 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 46 patients (40.0%) had a complication and 13 patients (11.3%) underwent reoperation at a mean of 6.7 months-most of which (84.6%) were for digital stiffness.
CONCLUSIONS
Surgeons and patients may be aware that CRPP of closed extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures carries considerable rates of complication and reoperation.
TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic III.
PubMed: 38903843
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.11.004