-
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Hong Kong
PubMed: 38918067
DOI: 10.12809/hkmj245162 -
Poultry Science May 2024This study determined metabolizable energy (ME) and developed ME prediction equations for broilers based on chemical composition of soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal...
This study determined metabolizable energy (ME) and developed ME prediction equations for broilers based on chemical composition of soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) using a 2 × 10 factorial arrangement of age (11 to 14 or 25 to 28 d of age) and 10 sources of each ingredient. Each treatment contained 6 replicates of 8 broilers. The ME values were determined by total collection of feces and urine. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the chemical composition clearly revealed distinct differences in SBM and RSM based on a principal components (PC) score plot. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of SBM was higher in broilers from 25 to 28 than 11 to 14 d of age (P = 0.013). Interactions between broiler age and ingredient source affected apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of SBM and ME of RSM (P < 0.05). The ME of SBM in 11 to 14 and 25 to 28-day-old broilers were estimated by crude protein (CP) content (R≥ 0.782; SEP ≤ 83 kcal/kg DM; P < 0.001). The AME and AMEn of RSM in 11 to 14-day-old broilers were estimated by ether extract (EE), ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (R = 0.897, SEP = 106 kcal/kg DM; P = 0.002), and by EE and ash (R = 0.885, SEP = 98 kcal/kg DM; P = 0.001), respectively. The AME and AMEn of RSM in 25 to 28-day-old broilers were estimated by ash and ADF (R = 0.925, SEP = 104 kcal/kg DM; P < 0.001) and by ash and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (R = 0.921, SEP = 91 kcal/kg DM; P < 0.001), respectively. These results indicate that ME of these 2 plant protein ingredients are affected interactively by chemical composition and age of broilers. This study developed robust, age-specific prediction equations of ME for broilers based on chemical composition for SBM and RSM. Overall, ME values can be predicted from CP content for SBM, or EE, ash, ADF, and NDF for RSM.
PubMed: 38917611
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103915 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Incubation behavior in chickens is closely associated with hypothalamus. Here, RNA sequencing of hypothalamus from Changshun green-shell laying hens, an indigenous...
Incubation behavior in chickens is closely associated with hypothalamus. Here, RNA sequencing of hypothalamus from Changshun green-shell laying hens, an indigenous chicken breed from China, in egg-laying period (LP) and incubation period (BP) was conducted to identify critical pathways and candidate genes involved in controlling the incubation behavior in hypothalamus. A total of 637 up-regulated and 305 down-regulated differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in chicken hypothalamus between LP and BP groups. Gene ontology term (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis further revealed that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, hippo signaling pathway, and focal adhesion were significantly enriched. Five candidate genes (POMC, IGF1R, CHAD, VCL, and MYL9) were suggested to play crucial roles in the regulation of chicken incubation behavior. Our results further indicated the complexity of reproductive behavior of different chicken breeds.
PubMed: 38917610
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103950 -
Poultry Science May 2024Sperm mobility (SM) is an objective index for measuring sperm motility; however, the mechanisms underlying its regulation in geese remain unclear. The present study...
Sperm mobility (SM) is an objective index for measuring sperm motility; however, the mechanisms underlying its regulation in geese remain unclear. The present study sought to elucidate the genetic mechanism underlying SM traits in Zi geese (Anser cygnoides L.). To this end, three successive experiments were performed. In Experiment I, SM was determined in 40 ganders; the 3 ganders with the highest mobility and three with the lowest mobility were assigned to the high and low sperm mobility rank (SMR) groups, respectively. In Experiment II, the differences in fertility between the two SMR groups were assessed within two breeding flocks comprising the selected six ganders from Experiment I and 30 females (each flock had 3 ganders and 15 females). In Experiment III, the testes of the 6 ganders were harvested for histological observation and whole-transcriptome sequencing. Results revealed better fertility, well-developed seminiferous tubules, and abundant mature sperm in the high-SMR-flock compared to those of the low-SMR-flock (89 vs. 81%) (P < 0.05). Differential expression (DE) analysis identified 76 mRNAs, 344 lncRNAs, and 17 miRNAs between the SMR groups, with LOC106049708, XPNPEP3, GNB3, ADCY8, PRKAG3, oha-miR-182-5p, and ocu-miR-10b-5p identified as key mRNAs and miRNAs contributing to SM. Enrichment analysis implicated these DE RNAs in pathways related to ATP binding, cell metabolism, apelin signaling, Wnt signaling, and Adherens junctions. Additionally, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks comprising 9 DE mRNAs, 17 DE miRNAs, and 169 DE lncRNAs were constructed. Two ceRNA network pathways (LOC106049708-oha-miR-182-5p-MSTRG.2479.6 and PRKAG3-ocu-miR-10b-5p-MSTRG.9047.14) were identified as key regulators of SM in geese. These findings offer crucial insights into the identification of key genes and ceRNA pathways influencing sperm mobility in geese.
PubMed: 38917609
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103895 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024This systematic review aimed at investigating the role that biosecurity can have in preventing or controlling colibacillosis in broiler production. Primary studies with...
This systematic review aimed at investigating the role that biosecurity can have in preventing or controlling colibacillosis in broiler production. Primary studies with natural or experimental exposure to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, evaluating any biosecurity measure to prevent or control colibacillosis in broiler chickens with at least one of the following outcomes: feed conversion ratio (FCR), condemnations at slaughter, and mortality due to colibacillosis, were included. A systematic search was carried out in 4 databases according to the Cochrane handbook and reported following the PRISMA 2020 directions. Studies (n = 3,886) were screened in a 2-phase process and data matching the inclusion criteria were extracted. Risk of bias assessment was performed. Four studies reporting biosecurity measures to prevent or control colibacillosis in broiler production were included. In all studies, only disinfection during either the pre-hatching period (n = 3) or the post-hatching period (n = 1) was evaluated as biosecurity measure in broiler production, as well as its effect on FCR (n = 2) and mortality (n = 4) due to colibacillosis. No studies with effects on condemnations at slaughter were found. Due to the heterogeneity of studies in regard to interventions and outcomes, meta-analysis was not carried out. The limited findings of this systematic review do not provide a comprehensive evidence to statistically evaluate the efficacy of biosecurity to prevent or control colibacillosis in broiler production. The scarcity of evidence found suggests that further and deeper investigations on the topic are needed, considering the variety of interventions related to biosecurity.
PubMed: 38917608
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103955 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Goose creates important economic value depending on their enrich nutrients of meat. Our previous study investigates potential candidate genes associated with variations...
Goose creates important economic value depending on their enrich nutrients of meat. Our previous study investigates potential candidate genes associated with variations in meat quality between Xianghai Flying (XHF) Goose and Zi Goose through genomic and transcriptome integrated analysis. Screening of 5 differential expression candidate genes related to muscle development identified by the F XP-EHH and RNA-seq in breast muscle from various geese. Among them, C1QTNF1 (C1q and TNF related protein 1), a gene of unknown function in goose, which observed mutations in coding sequence regions in sequencing data. Its function was explored after overexpression and knockdown which designed depending on the genetic sequence of the goose, respectively. Results showed that over-expression of C1QTNF1 significantly enhances cell proliferation and viability. In addition, the expression levels of the fusion marker gene Myomaker and the differentiation marker gene MyoD are significantly upregulated in cells. Knock-down C1QTNF1 leads to down regulated Myomaker and MyoD which involved muscle formation. But, the expression level of muscle atrophy marker MuRF is not significantly changed among different transfection groups. Since protein structures and interactions are closely related to their functions, we further analyzed the C1QTNF1 for physicochemical properties, structural predictions, protein interactions and homology. It can be reasonably inferred that C1QTNF1 has a similar effect to collagen, which may affect muscle development. In summary, we first speculate that C1QTNF1 may play an important regulatory role in muscle growth and development and thereby contributes to the further understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie meat quality traits of goose.
PubMed: 38917607
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103927 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Free amino acids (AA) are needed to fulfill the AA requirements of broiler chickens in diets low in CP. This study investigated whether the acid-base balance and the...
Free amino acids (AA) are needed to fulfill the AA requirements of broiler chickens in diets low in CP. This study investigated whether the acid-base balance and the blood plasma metabolome are affected immediately after a change to diets with high free AA levels. Male broiler chickens received a starter diet with 164 g CP/kg and 80 g soy protein isolate/kg until d 7 post-hatch. From this day on, birds were offered a diet almost identical to the starter diet (0FAA) or 2 diets with 50% (50FAA) or 100% (100FAA) of the digestible AA from soy protein isolate substituted with free AA. Blood was sampled to determine the acid-base status and for untargeted metabolomics analysis on d 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 and d 1, 7, and 14 after diet change, respectively (n = 14 birds/treatment). Compared to 0FAA, blood pH was decreased on d 4 and 7 for 100FAA and on d 4 for 50FAA (P ≤ 0.019). On d 4, 7, and 14, bicarbonate, base excess, and total carbon dioxide were lower for 100FAA than for 0FAA (P ≤ 0.006). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was higher for 50FAA than for 0FAA on d 4 (P = 0.047). Compared to 0FAA, chloride was higher for 100FAA on d 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14, and for 50FAA on d 1, 2, and 4 (P ≤ 0.030). In the metabolomics assay, 602, 463, and 302 metabolites were affected by treatment on d 1, 7, and 14, respectively (P < 0.050), but they did not indicate that metabolic pathways were affected. Flavonoids were the most consistently affected category of metabolites. The results indicated a metabolic acidosis for 100FAA from d 4 to 7 and a respiratory acidosis for 50FAA on d 4 after diet change. These types of acidosis were compensated later on in the experiment. The metabolomics analysis did not indicate that high free AA inclusion affected metabolic pathways.
PubMed: 38917606
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103956 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on inflammatory responses and intestinal health of lipopolysaccharide...
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on inflammatory responses and intestinal health of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. One hundred and forty-four 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 birds each. The groups were as follows: 1) Control group: birds fed a basal diet; 2) LPS group: LPS-challenged birds fed a basal diet; 3) CGA group: LPS-challenged birds fed a CGA-supplemented diet. The LPS was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. CGA increased the weight gain and feed intake of LPS-challenged birds by 37.05% and 24.29%, respectively (P < 0.05). CGA also alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, as evidenced by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and jejunum (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6), and the decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by a decrease in the mRNA abundance of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and an inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B translocation in the jejunum (P < 0.05). CGA reduced circulating diamine oxidase activity and levels of D-lactate and endotoxin, and positively regulated the expression of jejunal claudin-3 and zonula occludens-1 in LPS-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Compared to the LPS group, CGA reduced the apoptotic rate of epithelial cells and cytochrome c concentration in the jejunum, and normalized the expression of genes responsible for proliferation and apoptosis in jejunal epithelial cells, including cysteine aspartate-specific protease-9, B cell lymphoma-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CGA normalized the altered phosphorylation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, as well as the translocation of nuclear β-catenin in the jejunum of LPS-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). These results suggested that CGA supplementation improved growth performance, alleviated inflammation, and helped maintain intestinal integrity and barrier function in LPS-challenged broilers, possibly through the regulation of the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B and protein kinase B/Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
PubMed: 38917604
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103949 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Spotty Liver Disease (SLD), caused by Campylobacter hepaticus or C. bilis infection in adult female chickens continues to emerge as a major disease problem in cage-free...
Spotty Liver Disease (SLD), caused by Campylobacter hepaticus or C. bilis infection in adult female chickens continues to emerge as a major disease problem in cage-free production systems. Free range production has become the predominant system in Australian egg production and SLD is widespread in these farms. Previous studies have identified having a scratch area as a key determinant for SLD occurrence. An Australia-wide survey of egg production flocks with scratch areas was conducted regarding SLD including 48 individual flocks. Descriptive information on the facilities and flock management practices was reported. The incidence of SLD, age of first outbreak, initial mortality rate, duration of elevated mortality, and magnitude and duration of any associated egg production decline are described. Recurrence of SLD in the same flock was also reported and discussed. Therapies applied were recorded and assessed across SLD severity and duration. SLD occurred in 66.7% of layer flocks whose facility included a scratch area. Recurrent SLD outbreaks occurred in 31% of flocks experiencing SLD. Antibiotic medication reduced duration of mortality and egg production decline. Antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced duration of mortality and a less severe and shorter duration of egg production drops compared to untreated flocks. PCR detection of C. hepaticus in cloacal swabs and house dust samples and a serological ELISA test were compared and evaluated as diagnostic aids or as possible predictors of SLD outbreaks. The ELISA showed substantial agreement with detection of C. hepaticus in cloacal swabs by PCR. Examining composite house dust samples by PCR for C. hepaticus DNA appeared to be the most convenient and cost-effective aid to diagnosis and as a putative predictor for SLD outbreaks.
PubMed: 38917603
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103941 -
Drugs in Context 2024Injectable extended-release formulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) have simplified the treatment of prostate cancer with a satisfactory...
INTRODUCTION
Injectable extended-release formulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) have simplified the treatment of prostate cancer with a satisfactory level of androgen castration. This study aims to determine the percentage of patients whose initial LHRHa prescription was renewed during follow-up, how many changed formulation and how their quality of life evolved.
METHODS
This is an observational, prospective, multicentre study of men with prostate cancer who were to receive treatment with LHRHa (triptorelin every 3 or 6 months, leuprorelin every 3 or 6 months, or goserelin every 3 months) for 24 months. The treatment used was recorded and quality of life was assessed (QLQ-PR25 questionnaire) at four follow-up visits.
RESULTS
A total of 497 men (median age 75 years) were evaluated. The median exposure to LHRHa was 24 months. The initial prescription was renewed in 95.7% at follow-up 1 and 75% at follow-up 4. The main reason for changing from a 6-month to a 3-month formulation was a preference for sequential treatment (according to the investigator) and to see the physician more frequently (according to the patient). The main reason for switching from the 3-month to 6-month formulation was simplification of treatment (according to the investigator) and for convenience (according to the patient). Findings in the QLQ-PR25 questionnaire revealed no changes in urinary or bowel symptoms, though an improvement in sexual activity was reported. Practically all investigators and patients were satisfied/very satisfied with the treatment.
CONCLUSION
Changes in formulation were scarce and generally justified by convenience factors or personal preferences. Patients maintained a good health status, with a high rate of retention of LHRHa treatment.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Study number: A-ES-52014-224.A plain language summary is provided as supplementary material (available at: https://www.drugsincontext.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dic.2024-2-2-Suppl.pdf).
PubMed: 38915919
DOI: 10.7573/dic.2024-2-2