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Viruses May 2024Increasing reports of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) in herbaceous worldwide highlight the importance of conserving the genetic...
Increasing reports of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) in herbaceous worldwide highlight the importance of conserving the genetic resources of this economically important ornamental and medicinal crop. The unknown origin(s) of infection, differential susceptibility of peony cultivars to these viruses, and elusive disease phenotypes for CNSV in peonies make early detection and management challenging. Here, we report the presence of TRV and CNSV in plants of the University of Michigan living peony collection in the United States and a molecular characterization of their strains. Using sequences of the TRV 194 K RNA polymerase gene, we confirmed TRV infections in seven symptomatic plants (1.07% of all plants in the collection). Using newly developed primers, we recovered sequences of the CNSV RdRp gene and the polyprotein 1 gene region from nine out of twelve samples analyzed, including three from symptomless plants. Four of the nine plants had TRV and CNSV co-infections and showed more severe disease symptoms than plants only infected with TRV. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates from the University of Michigan living peony collection and publicly available isolates point to multiple origins of TRV and CNSV infections in this collection. This is the first report of TRV/CNSV co-infection and of a symptomatic detection of CNSV on cultivated .
Topics: Paeonia; Plant Diseases; Coinfection; Plant Viruses; Phylogeny; RNA, Viral; United States; Conservation of Natural Resources
PubMed: 38932185
DOI: 10.3390/v16060893 -
Viruses May 2024Viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato crops ( L.), one of the world's most economically important vegetable crops. The limited genetic diversity of...
Viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato crops ( L.), one of the world's most economically important vegetable crops. The limited genetic diversity of cultivated tomatoes contributes to their high susceptibility to viral infections. To address this challenge, tomato breeding programs must harness the genetic resources found in native populations and wild relatives. Breeding efforts may aim to develop broad-spectrum resistance against the virome. To identify the viruses naturally infecting 19 advanced lines, derived from native tomatoes, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs and confirmation with PCR and RT-PCR were used. Single and mixed infections with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (ToGMoV), and pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) were detected. The complete consensus genomes of three variants of Mexican ToMV isolates were reconstructed, potentially forming a new ToMV clade with a distinct 3' UTR. The absence of reported mutations associated with resistance-breaking to ToMV suggests that the , , and genes could theoretically be used to confer resistance. However, the high mutation rates and a 63 nucleotide insertion in the 3' UTR, as well as amino acid mutations in the ORFs encoding 126 KDa, 183 KDa, and MP of Mexican ToMV isolates, suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of these variants to overcome , , and resistance genes. This evaluation, along with the characterization of advanced lines using molecular markers linked to these resistant genes, will be addressed in future studies as part of the breeding strategy. This study emphasizes the importance of using HTS for accurate identification and characterization of plant viruses that naturally infect tomato germplasm based on the consensus genome sequences. This study provides crucial insights to select appropriate disease management strategies and resistance genes and guide breeding efforts toward the development of virus-resistant tomato varieties.
Topics: Plant Diseases; Solanum lycopersicum; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Plant Breeding; Plant Viruses; Genome, Viral; Phylogeny; Disease Resistance; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 38932180
DOI: 10.3390/v16060888 -
Nutrients Jun 2024This study is aimed to examine the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations with a 10-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and to...
This study is aimed to examine the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations with a 10-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and to explore the modification effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () genetic polymorphism. This study included 5200 participants from a community-based Chinese population. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the associations of Hcy and genotype with all-cause and CV mortality. The possible modification effect of the genotype on the Hcy-mortality relationship was assessed. The individuals with Hcy concentrations ≥ 10 μmol/L had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with Hcy < 10 μmol/L (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.68, = 0.015). The risk of CV mortality increased by 2% per 1 μmol/L Hcy increment (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, = 0.036). Despite the genotype alone not being correlated with the mortality, the relationship between Hcy and all-cause mortality was significant in the genotype compared with / genotype ( for interaction = 0.036). Elevated plasma Hcy concentrations were associated with an increased 10-year risk of all-cause and CV mortality among the Chinese population. genetic polymorphism could modify the association between Hcy and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Humans; Homocysteine; Male; Female; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Cardiovascular Diseases; Middle Aged; China; Asian People; Risk Factors; Genotype; Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Adult; Cause of Death; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; East Asian People
PubMed: 38931298
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121945 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Kidney stone disease has a multifactorial etiology, and evolving dietary habits necessitate continuous updates on the impact of dietary components on lithogenesis. The... (Review)
Review
Kidney stone disease has a multifactorial etiology, and evolving dietary habits necessitate continuous updates on the impact of dietary components on lithogenesis. The relationship between diseases influenced by lifestyle, such as obesity and diabetes, and kidney stone risk underscores the need for comprehensive lifestyle analysis. Effective management of kidney stones requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration among nutritionists, urologists, nephrologists, and other healthcare professionals to address the complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, and individual susceptibility. Personalized dietary therapy, based on each patient's unique biochemical and dietary profile, is essential and necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessments. Accurate dietary intake evaluation is best achieved through seven-day, real-time dietary records. Key factors influencing urinary risk include fluid intake, dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium, and sodium chloride. Personalized interventions, such as customized dietary changes based on gut microbiota, may improve stone prevention and recurrence. Current research suggests individualized guidance on alcohol intake and indicates that tea and coffee consumption might protect against urolithiasis. There is potential evidence linking tobacco use and secondhand smoke to increased kidney stone risk. The effects of vitamins and physical activity on kidney stone risk remain unresolved due to mixed evidence. For diseases influenced by lifestyle, conclusive evidence on targeted interventions for nephrolithiasis prevention is lacking, though preliminary research suggests potential benefits. Management strategies emphasize lifestyle modifications to reduce recurrence risks, support rapid recovery, and identify predisposing conditions, highlighting the importance of these changes despite inconclusive data.
Topics: Humans; Kidney Calculi; Life Style; Risk Factors; Diet; Nutrition Assessment; Patient Care Team; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38931286
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121932 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Research on the microbiome has progressed from identifying specific microbial communities to exploring how these organisms produce and modify metabolites that impact a... (Review)
Review
Research on the microbiome has progressed from identifying specific microbial communities to exploring how these organisms produce and modify metabolites that impact a wide range of health conditions, including gastrointestinal, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of the bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tract, focusing on their main functional outputs. We explore biomarkers that not only indicate a well-balanced microbiota but also potential dysbiosis, which could foreshadow susceptibility to future health conditions. Additionally, it discusses the establishment of the microbiota during the early years of life, examining factors such as gestational age at birth, type of delivery, antibiotic intake, and genetic and environmental influences. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the microbiota's foundational development and its long-term implications for health and disease management.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Dysbiosis; Bacteria; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38931178
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121823 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024is considered the second most important fungal plant pathogen, and can cause serious disease, especially on tomato. The gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that can...
is considered the second most important fungal plant pathogen, and can cause serious disease, especially on tomato. The gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that can positively regulate plant resistance to . Here, we identified a tomato WRKY transcription factor SlWRKY3 that binds to the W-box on the promoter. It can negatively regulate transcription, then regulate downstream signaling pathways, and ultimately negatively regulate tomato resistance to interference can enhance resistance to , and overexpression leads to susceptibility to . Additionally, we found that can significantly, and rapidly, induce the upregulation of expression. In transgenic plants, the expression level was negatively correlated with expression. Compared with the control, the expression of the SA pathway marker gene was downregulated in plants and upregulated in plants when inoculated with for 48 h. Moreover, positively regulated ROS production. Overall, can inhibit transcription in tomato, and negatively regulate resistance to by modulating the downstream SA and ROS pathways.
PubMed: 38931029
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121597 -
Microorganisms Jun 2024is responsible for causing bacillary necrosis (BNP) in striped catfish () in Vietnam. This study offers a comprehensive genomic characterization of to enhance...
is responsible for causing bacillary necrosis (BNP) in striped catfish () in Vietnam. This study offers a comprehensive genomic characterization of to enhance understanding of the molecular epidemiology, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance. isolates were collected from diseased striped catfish in the Mekong Delta. The species was confirmed through PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using minimum inhibitory concentrations for commonly used antimicrobials. Thirty representative isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing to delineate their genomic profiles and phylogeny. All strains belonged to ST-26 and exhibited genetic relatedness, differing by a maximum of 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Most isolates carried multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, with the () gene present in 63% and in 77% of the genomes. The ESBL gene, , was identified in 30% of the genomes. Three plasmid replicon types were identified: IncA, p0111, and IncQ1. The genomes clustered into two clades based on their virulence gene profile, one group with the T3SS genes and one without. The genetic similarity among Vietnamese isolates suggests that disease spread occurs within the Mekong region, underscoring the importance of source tracking, reservoir identification, and implementation of necessary biosecurity measures to mitigate spread of BNP.
PubMed: 38930563
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061182 -
Microorganisms Jun 2024Numerous studies have reported a correlation between gut microbiota and influenza A virus (IAV) infection and disease severity. However, the causal relationship between...
Numerous studies have reported a correlation between gut microbiota and influenza A virus (IAV) infection and disease severity. However, the causal relationship between these factors remains inadequately explored. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiota on susceptibility to human infection with H7N9 avian IAV and the severity of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted, integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) on H7N9 susceptibility and H1N1pdm09 severity with a metagenomics GWAS dataset from a Chinese population. Twelve and fifteen gut microbiotas were causally associated with H7N9 susceptibility or H1N1pdm09 severity, separately. Notably, and were negative associated with H7N9 susceptibility and H1N1pdm09 severity, respectively. Moreover, and were associated with H7N9 susceptibility, while and were correlated with H1N1pdm09 severity. These results provide novel insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and IAV pathogenesis as well as new clues for mechanism research regarding therapeutic interventions or IAV infections. Future studies should concentrate on clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota and developing efficacious approaches to reduce the incidence of IAV infections, which could improve strategy for preventing and treating IAV infection worldwide.
PubMed: 38930552
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061170 -
Microorganisms May 2024Traditional microbial diagnostic methods face many obstacles such as sample handling, culture difficulties, misidentification, and delays in determining susceptibility.... (Review)
Review
Traditional microbial diagnostic methods face many obstacles such as sample handling, culture difficulties, misidentification, and delays in determining susceptibility. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has markedly transformed microbial diagnostics with rapid and precise analyses. Nonetheless, ethical considerations accompany AI adoption, necessitating measures to uphold patient privacy, mitigate biases, and ensure data integrity. This review examines conventional diagnostic hurdles, stressing the significance of standardized procedures in sample processing. It underscores AI's significant impact, particularly through machine learning (ML), in microbial diagnostics. Recent progressions in AI, particularly ML methodologies, are explored, showcasing their influence on microbial categorization, comprehension of microorganism interactions, and augmentation of microscopy capabilities. This review furnishes a comprehensive evaluation of AI's utility in microbial diagnostics, addressing both advantages and challenges. A few case studies including SARS-CoV-2, malaria, and mycobacteria serve to illustrate AI's potential for swift and precise diagnosis. Utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in digital pathology, automated bacterial classification, and colony counting further underscores AI's versatility. Additionally, AI improves antimicrobial susceptibility assessment and contributes to disease surveillance, outbreak forecasting, and real-time monitoring. Despite a few limitations, integration of AI in diagnostic microbiology presents robust solutions, user-friendly algorithms, and comprehensive training, promising paradigm-shifting advancements in healthcare.
PubMed: 38930432
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061051 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Advances in perinatal intensive care have significantly enhanced the survival rates of extremely low gestation-al-age neonates but with continued high rates of... (Review)
Review
Advances in perinatal intensive care have significantly enhanced the survival rates of extremely low gestation-al-age neonates but with continued high rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Nevertheless, as the survival of these infants improves, there is a growing awareness of associated abnormalities in pulmonary vascular development and hemodynamics within the pulmonary circulation. Premature infants, now born as early as 22 weeks, face heightened risks of adverse development in both pulmonary arterial and venous systems. This risk is compounded by parenchymal and airway abnormalities, as well as factors such as inflammation, fibrosis, and adverse growth trajectory. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) has been linked to an increased mortality and substantial morbidities, including a greater susceptibility to later neurodevelopmental challenges. BPD-PH is now recognized to be a spectrum of disease, with a multifactorial pathophysiology. This review discusses the challenges associated with the identification and management of BPD-PH, both of which are important in minimizing further disease progression and improving cardiopulmonary morbidity in the BPD infant.
PubMed: 38929946
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123417