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Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Apr 2024Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors that severely diminish the quality of life due to discomfort, dysfunction, and disfigurement. Recently, ultrasound...
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors that severely diminish the quality of life due to discomfort, dysfunction, and disfigurement. Recently, ultrasound technology as a noninvasive adjuvant therapy is developed to optimize treatment protocols. However, the biophysical mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, it is proposed that piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) plays an important role in low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) induced mechanical transduction pathways that trigger downstream cellular signaling processes. It is demonstrated that patient-derived primary keloid fibroblasts (PKF), NIH 3T3, and HFF-1 cell migration are inhibited, and PKF apoptosis is significantly increased by LFS stimulation. And the effects of LFS is diminished by the application of GsMTx-4, the selective inhibitor of Piezo1, and the knockdown of Piezo1. More importantly, the effects of LFS can be imitated by Yoda1, an agonist of Piezo1 channels. Establishing a patient-derived xenograft keloid implantation mouse model further verified these results, as LFS significantly decreased the volume and weight of the keloids. Moreover, blocking the Piezo1 channel impaired the effectiveness of LFS treatment. These results suggest that LFS inhibits the malignant characteristics of keloids by activating the Piezo1 channel, thus providing a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of keloids.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Fibroblasts; Ion Channels; Keloid; Quality of Life; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38311578
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305489 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that is locally destructive. The most common treatment option is surgery, which often results in disfigurement of the face....
Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that is locally destructive. The most common treatment option is surgery, which often results in disfigurement of the face. BRAF is the common gene mutation associated with its pathogenesis. Therefore, this paper hypothesizes the use of targeted drug therapy against this mutated gene.
PubMed: 38304511
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_356_23 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Hypertrophic scars and keloids are common fibroproliferative diseases following injury. Patients with pathologic scars suffer from impaired quality of life and... (Review)
Review
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are common fibroproliferative diseases following injury. Patients with pathologic scars suffer from impaired quality of life and psychological health due to appearance disfiguration, itch, pain, and movement disorders. Recently, the advancement of hydrogels in biomedical fields has brought a variety of novel materials, methods and therapeutic targets for treating hypertrophic scars and keloids, which exhibit broad prospects. This review has summarized current research on hydrogels and loaded components used in preventing and treating hypertrophic scars and keloids. These hydrogels attenuate keloid and hypertrophic scar formation and progression by loading organic chemicals, drugs, or bioactive molecules (such as growth factors, genes, proteins/peptides, and stem cells/exosomes). Among them, smart hydrogels (a very promising method for loading many types of bioactive components) are currently favoured by researchers. In addition, combining hydrogels and current therapy (such as laser or radiation therapy, etc.) could improve the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Then, the difficulties and limitations of the current research and possible suggestions for improvement are listed. Moreover, we also propose novel strategies for facilitating the construction of target multifunctional hydrogels in the future.
Topics: Humans; Keloid; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Hydrogels; Quality of Life; Pruritus
PubMed: 38293605
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S448667 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... 2023Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth give an agonizing experience for a young individual due to the physical disfigurement, and the psychological impact that is...
Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth give an agonizing experience for a young individual due to the physical disfigurement, and the psychological impact that is imposed on them. One of the options for managing complicated/uncomplicated crown fractures when the tooth fragment is available, and there is no or minimal violation of the biological width is the rebonding of the fractured segment. This treatment approach is promising, providing good and long-lasting esthetics as it helps in maintaining the tooth's original anatomic form, hue, and surface texture. This article describes three case reports of successful reattachment of fractured tooth fragments. Following the root canal treatment procedures, prefabricated posts were cemented as intraradicular splint to reattach the fractured segments.
PubMed: 38292735
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_2_23 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Oct 2023Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit. The clinical manifestations of acne include the development of comedones,...
INTRODUCTION
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit. The clinical manifestations of acne include the development of comedones, papules, and pustules. Although generally considered benign, acne can have psychological impacts and cause disfiguring scars. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of acne among patients visiting outpatient department of dermatology centres.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting tertiary care skin centres from 15 June 2023 to 15 August 2023. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. The severity of acne severity and scarring was determined. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
RESULTS
Among 2036 patients, acne was found in 386 (18.96%) (17.26-20.66, 95% Confidence Interval). The majority of participants have acne scar grade 2 (65.20%).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of acne among patients was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings.
KEYWORDS
acne; scars; prevalence.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Outpatients; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatology; Acne Vulgaris; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 38289766
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8312 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2024This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of inferomedial orbital wall decompression (IMOD) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
PURPOSE
This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of inferomedial orbital wall decompression (IMOD) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
METHODS
A retrospective review of 422 eyes of 226 patients with GO-related cosmetically disfiguring proptosis (COS), dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), or exposure keratopathy (EXP) who received IMOD from 1989 to 2020 was conducted. Hertel value (HE) and corrected visual acuity (CVA) were evaluated at baseline and regularly thereafter. Proptosis recurrence, diplopia, and adjuvant surgeries were assessed. Complete success was defined as proptosis reduction over 2 mm without recurrence and improved diplopia. Partial success was defined as proptosis reduction without recurrence but with persistent or new-onset diplopia, and failure as proptosis recurrence.
RESULTS
After follow-up for 40.1 ± 39.6 months (range, 6-239 months), 236 eyes (55.9%) achieved complete success, 175 eyes (41.5%) achieved partial success, and 11 eyes (2.6%) had failure. Significant CVA improvement was observed in both DON and COS groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively). Average proptosis reduction was 5.2 ± 2.2 mm, with a significant increase of 0.5 mm after long-term follow-up (P < 0.001). Incidence of proptosis recurrence was 2.6%. Surgical success rate of COS group was positively correlated with preoperative HE.
CONCLUSION
IMOD demonstrated excellent success rate in all three subgroups with a low proptosis recurrence rate and improved visual outcome in both DON and COS groups. Delayed proptosis reduction effect of IMOD may result in delayed-onset asymmetry, especially in the unilateral group.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Orbit; Diplopia; Treatment Outcome; Decompression, Surgical; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Exophthalmos
PubMed: 38271419
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_863_23 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Due to cosmetic disfigurement, melasma can negatively affect the quality of life and emotional and mental health, further leading to depression.
BACKGROUND
Due to cosmetic disfigurement, melasma can negatively affect the quality of life and emotional and mental health, further leading to depression.
OBJECTIVE
Prevalence rates of depression in patients with melasma vary widely across studies. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of depression among melasma patients.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify articles evaluating the prevalence of depression in melasma patients from their inception to 12 July 2023. Studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and a meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 14.0 software.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria out of the 859 studies, containing a total of 2,963 melasma patients for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among patients with melasma was 43.4% (95% CI 30.5-56.2%, -value = 808.859, d.f. = 15, < 0.001, tau = 0.065, = 98.1%). The meta-regression found that the publication year, sample size, and study quality were not significant moderators for the observed heterogeneity in prevalence. A subgroup analysis according to depression assessment methods showed that the prevalence of depressive disorders was 24.2% (95% CI 16.8-31.6%), and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.1% (95% CI 31.2-59.0%). A subgroup analysis by geographic regions showed that patients in Asia had the highest prevalence of depression at 48.5% (95% CI 26.0-71.0%), compared to other regions. A subgroup analysis by study design showed that the prevalence of depression in case-control studies was almost identical to cross-sectional studies. In the case of OR, the pooled OR of depression between patients with melasma and health controls was 1.677 (95% CI 1.163-2.420, = 0.606, = 0.0%).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of depression was relatively high in patients with melasma, and there was a correlation between melasma and depression, encouraging clinicians to screen for depression in their patients and providing a combination of physical and psychosocial support. If necessary, they should be referred to formal mental health services to seek professional psychological intervention.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022381378.
PubMed: 38260775
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1276906 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) carry an increased risk of melanoma and may be disfiguring, and consensus regarding treatment recommendations is lacking. While... (Review)
Review
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) carry an increased risk of melanoma and may be disfiguring, and consensus regarding treatment recommendations is lacking. While clinical monitoring is the standard of care, many caregivers are interested in its removal to prevent psychosocial burden or to decrease risk. Although melanoma can occur regardless of CMN removal, there are a variety of treatments that may offer improved cosmesis or local symptom control, including surgical excision, laser therapy, and other superficially destructive techniques. Regardless of the selected management, these patients are monitored for ongoing melanoma risk. An extensive discussion with families regarding the risks and benefits of observation versus active intervention is essential. To facilitate these discussions, we herein summarize current CMN management strategies and considerations.
PubMed: 38255375
DOI: 10.3390/children11010062