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Nutrients Jun 2024It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward... (Review)
Review
It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward anabolism. Factors such as nutrient quantity, nutrient quality, and nutrient timing significantly impact upon the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in optimizing the acute responses to resistance exercise and the adaptive response to resistance training (i.e., muscle growth and strength expression). Specifically, the aim of this review is to address carbohydrates (CHOs), protein (PRO), and/or amino acids (AAs) supplementation strategies, as there is growing evidence suggesting a link between nutrient signaling and the initiation of protein synthesis, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and the attenuation of myofibrillar protein degradation following resistance exercise. Collectively, the current scientific literature indicates that nutritional supplementation strategies utilizing CHO, PRO, and/or AA represents an important approach aimed at enhancing muscular responses for strength and power athletes, primarily increased muscular hypertrophy and enhanced strength expression. There appears to be a critical interaction between resistance exercise and nutrient-cell signaling associated with the principle of nutrient timing (i.e., pre-exercise, during, and post-exercise). Recommendations for nutritional supplementation strategies to promote muscular responses for strength and athletes are provided.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Carbohydrates; Resistance Training; Amino Acids; Athletes; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Strength; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38931241
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121886 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Shorter hip stems have shown promising mid-term results but lack long-term data. High rates of distal cortical hypertrophy (CH) have been described, suggesting a more...
The Migration Pattern of a Short-Tapered Femoral Stem Correlates with the Occurrence of Cortical Hypertrophies: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study Using Ein Bild Röntgen Analyse-Femoral Component Analysis.
Shorter hip stems have shown promising mid-term results but lack long-term data. High rates of distal cortical hypertrophy (CH) have been described, suggesting a more diaphyseal load transmission. This study aimed to determine patient-specific and surgery-related factors influencing CH and their impact on 10-year outcomes. : It included 100 consecutive total hip arthroplasties (THAs) using the Fitmore stem (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana), with clinical and radiographic follow-ups at 1, 2, 5, and at least 10 years post-surgery. : No revisions were performed due to aseptic loosening after a mean of 11.6 years (range: 10-13.5 years). CH was observed in 26% of hips, primarily in Gruen zones 3 and 5. There was no significant difference in the Harris Hip Score between patients with and without CH. Larger stem sizes and greater axial subsidence significantly correlated with CH occurrence (OD 1.80, (1.13-1.92), = 0.004; OD 1.47, (1.04-2.08), = 0.028). The Fitmore stem demonstrated excellent survival rates and favorable outcomes over 10 years. : Despite a lower CH rate compared to other studies, significant correlations with stem size and subsidence were identified. This study underscores the importance of patient selection and achieving high primary stability to maintain the metaphyseal anchoring concept.
PubMed: 38930145
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123616 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: The current high standards in orthognathic surgery demand surgical solutions that are both functionally effective and aesthetically pleasing. Our approach...
Hanna's Modified Sagittal Split Osteotomy (HSSO): An Alternative to Inverted L Osteotomy-Merging Function and Aesthetics for Enhanced Stability, Attractiveness, and Nerve Protection.
: The current high standards in orthognathic surgery demand surgical solutions that are both functionally effective and aesthetically pleasing. Our approach offers one for enhanced stability, attractiveness, and nerve protection with improved accessibility in the majority of orthognathic scenarios compared to an inverted L osteotomy. A case series is presented to illustrate the application and outcomes of HSSO, an optimised approach that combines the advantages of a transoral inverted L osteotomy with specific enhancements and increased versatility, with accessibility and exposure similar to a BSSO. HSSO as a completely transoral technique, demonstrate the ability to perform significant counterclockwise rotations of the mandible, eliminating the need for trocars or skin incisions. We experinced high postoperative stability when HSSO was performed in conjunction with a three-piece LeFort 1 osteotomy on a dynamic opposing arch. In comparison to an inverted L approach, we postulated that HSSO offers advantages in stability, due to the increased segmental overlap of the proximal and distal segments of the mandible. This approach is designed to enhance the safety of the inferior alveolar nerve compared to traditional sagittal split methods. Furthermore, HSSO represents an alternative to total joint replacement in select cases of idiopathic condylar resorption and is effective for correcting mandibular asymmetries while maintaining jawline aesthetics. This is achieved through the manipulation of the mandibular angle, ramus height, and inferior border without creating a step deformity in the soft tissue. The outcomes of HSSO highlight its capacity to deliver predictable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing results, offering a viable alternative to more traditional orthognathic techniques.
PubMed: 38929967
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123438 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine May 2024This study aimed to investigate the impact of various vasculopathies alongside left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on cardiovascular risk in the elderly. This prospective...
This study aimed to investigate the impact of various vasculopathies alongside left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on cardiovascular risk in the elderly. This prospective cohort study included 3339 older adults from the Northern Shanghai Study, classified into four mutually exclusive left ventricular (LV) geometry groups based on echocardiographic data: normal geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. Vasculopathy was categorized into three primary types: arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and renal senescence. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular deaths according to ICD-10 codes. Over a median follow-up period of 5.7 years, 221 incident cases of MACEs were identified. Concentric hypertrophy exhibited the highest prevalence of hypertension, the most significant increase in vascular stiffness, and the highest rate of MACEs. The adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that eccentric hypertrophy is associated with an increased risk of MACEs (HR: 1.638 [95% CI: 1.151-2.331], = 0.006), while concentric hypertrophy shows an even higher risk (HR: 1.751 [95% CI: 1.127-2.721], = 0.013). Conversely, concentric remodeling was not significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs. Renal senescence presents a moderate but significant risk for MACEs, with an HR of 1.361 (95% CI: 1.019-1.819; = 0.037) when adjusted for LVH. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with LVH and multiple vasculopathies experience the most significant decrease in survival probability (log-rank < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that LVH significantly raises the risk of MACEs, especially in older males with hypertension, diabetes, or vasculopathy. This study reinforces the importance of LVH as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and underscores the compounded risk associated with the presence of multiple vasculopathies. Additionally, it highlights renal senescence as a distinct and independent risk factor for MACEs, separate from LVH.
PubMed: 38929779
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060558 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) in dogs is a condition that develops in response to a vitamin D deficiency or an imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio...
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) in dogs is a condition that develops in response to a vitamin D deficiency or an imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in dog food. Puppies of large-breed dogs exclusively fed a non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diet are especially susceptible to developing NSH due to their elevated calcium requirement. Reports on NSH in companion animals have been sparse in the last decades due to dog owners having easy access to commercially balanced dog foods. However, with the rising popularity of meat-based raw feeding, this condition has re-emerged. In this case series, four large-breed puppies fed exclusively non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diets presented with complaints of acute onset of pain and paresis. Radiographs and/or computed tomography (CT) scans showed reduced radio density of the skeleton in all four puppies. Two of the dogs had pathological fractures, and these two puppies were euthanized. One was subjected to a post mortem examination, which revealed cortical bone resorption and hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands. The remaining two puppies rapidly improved after receiving pain medication and a commercial, balanced diet. This case series demonstrates a risk of young dogs developing severe neurological deficits when fed a non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diet.
PubMed: 38929402
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121783 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a receptor member belonging to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. The ligand and soluble versions are its two isoforms. The...
INTRODUCTION
The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a receptor member belonging to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. The ligand and soluble versions are its two isoforms. The IL-33-ST2L ligand complex's development provides protection against heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. Investigations on heart failure in adults have demonstrated that it does not change by age, body mass index (BMI), creatinine, hemoglobin, and albumin levels, in contrast to NT pro BNP. In adult heart failure patients, it has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The most recent guideline recommends using it as class 2b in the diagnosis of adult heart failure. Studies on ST2 in children are rare. The purpose of this study is to assess the prognostic value of ST2 for cardiovascular events in young individuals suffering from heart failure.
METHOD
This study included pediatric patients (0-18 years old) with congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy who needed medical care, as well as surgical or interventional treatment. Height, weight, gender, saturation, heart failure classification (Ross or NYHA), medications, the electrocardiogram, echocardiography, pro BNP, and sST2 values of the patients, as well as any hospitalization, lower respiratory tract infection, organ dysfunction, or need for angiography or surgery during follow-up data on arrhythmia and death were gathered during a 1-year follow-up. The SPSS software version 25 application was used to carry out the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
This study included 59 patients, of whom 27 (46.6%) were male. The average age of the patients was 55.5 months (1-228 months) and the average body weight was 16 kg (2.6-90 kg). Major cardiovascular events occurred in 45 of 59 patients (76.3%). Twenty-four patients experienced one MACE, while twenty-one patients experienced multiple MACEs. Pro BNP and sST2 levels were similar in the groups that developed MACE compared to those that did not. Pro BNP was discovered to be significantly higher in patients with hospitalization, growth retardation, lower respiratory tract infection, and organ failure, however, when assessing each situation ( = 0.001, = 0.011, = 0.001, = 0.007, respectively). Soluble ST2 was found to be higher in patients with growth retardation than in those without ( = 0.037). Although the soluble ST2 level failed to demonstrate a correlation with pro BNP, it did show a positive correlation (r = 0.437) with the Ross score. When compared to other groups, it was discovered to be higher in patients with valvular insufficiency type heart disease.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, higher sST2 levels were discovered, particularly in the group with valve insufficiency and children with growth retardation. It was associated with the Ross score, but not with the pro BNP level. Although it increases in correlation with clinical heart failure, its predictive value for MACE is low. Similarly, pro BNP is not proven to be predictive; nonetheless, its high levels in patients with hospitalization, growth retardation, lower respiratory tract infection, and organ failure demonstrate that pro BNP may increase for a variety of causes. Long-term studies with more patients are needed for ST2 to be suitable for clinical use in pediatric patients.
PubMed: 38929297
DOI: 10.3390/children11060718 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a polysomnogram (PSG) in children...
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a polysomnogram (PSG) in children with DS prior to the age of 4. This retrospective study examined the frequency of SDB, gas exchange abnormalities, co-morbidities, and surgical management in children with DS aged 2-4 years old at Seattle Children's Hospital from 2015-2021. A total of 153 children underwent PSG, with 75 meeting the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 3.03 years (SD 0.805), 56% were male, and 54.7% were Caucasian. Comorbidities included (n, %): cardiac (43, 57.3%), dysphagia or aspiration (24, 32.0%), prematurity (17, 22.7%), pulmonary (16, 21.3%), immune dysfunction (2, 2.7%), and hypothyroidism (23, 30.7%). PSG parameter data collected included (mean, SD): obstructive AHI (7.9, 9.4) and central AHI (2.4, 2.4). In total, 94.7% met the criteria for pediatric OSA, 9.5% met the criteria for central apnea, and 9.5% met the criteria for hypoventilation. Only one child met the criteria for hypoxemia. Overall, 60% had surgical intervention, with 88.9% of these being adenotonsillectomy. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of OSA at different ages. Children aged 2-4 years with DS have a high frequency of OSA. The most commonly encountered co-morbidities were cardiac and swallowing dysfunction. Among those with OSA, more than half underwent surgical intervention, with improvements in their obstructive apnea hypopnea index, total apnea hypopnea index, oxygen saturation nadir, oxygen desaturation index, total arousal index, and total sleep duration. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Our study also suggests that adenotonsillar hypertrophy is still a large contributor to upper airway obstruction in this age group.
PubMed: 38929231
DOI: 10.3390/children11060651 -
Brain Sciences Jun 2024Palatine and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy may lead to dysfunction of the auditory tube due to a propensity for infection, potentially giving rise to otitis media. This...
Palatine and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy may lead to dysfunction of the auditory tube due to a propensity for infection, potentially giving rise to otitis media. This is a quantitative and longitudinal study, developed from 2019 to 2021, at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The studied sample comprised 15 participants aged 5 to 12 years (mean 7.9 years), 12 male and 3 female, arranged into two groups: children diagnosed with pharyngeal and/or palatine tonsil hypertrophy who were candidates for surgery (G1), and children who were later evaluated after surgery (G2). As part of the test, an otoscopy and measurements of logoaudiometry, pure-tone threshold audiometry, wideband tympanometry (ambient and peak pressure), and otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs and DPOAEs, both at ambient and peak pressure) were all performed. There were statistically significant differences between phases in pure-tone audiometry, in terms of 226 Hz tympanometry, wideband tympanometry in peak pressure conditions, in the amplitude measurement TEOAEs in both pressure conditions, in DPOAEs in ambient pressure conditions, and in the signal/noise measurement in both pressures in DPOAEs. Overall, it was found that hearing tests were different for subjects with palatine and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy compared to the post-surgical group.
PubMed: 38928598
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060598 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) at cellular, structural, and transcriptomic levels. Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into two...
This study aimed to investigate obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) at cellular, structural, and transcriptomic levels. Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: 15 rats were fed with a standard diet (SD-rats), and 15 rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD-rats). After 10 weeks, the weight, kidney function, histological features, and transcriptomic changes were assessed. HFD-rats gained significantly more weight (55.8% vs. 29.2%; < 0.001) and albuminuria (10,384.04 ng/mL vs. 5845.45 ng/mL; < 0.001) compared to SD-rats. HFD-rats exhibited early stages of ORG, with predominant mesangial matrix increase and podocyte hypertrophy (PH). These lesions correlated with differentially expressed (DE) genes and miRNAs. Functional analysis showed that miR-205, which was DE in both the kidneys and urine of HFD-rats, negatively regulated the PTEN gene, promoting lipid endocytosis in podocytes. The downregulation of PTEN was proved through a higher PTEN/nephrin ratio in the SD-rats and the presence of lipid vacuoles in HFD-podocytes. This study has found a specific targetome of miRNAs and gene expression in early stages of ORG. Also, it emphasizes the potential value of miR-205 as a urinary biomarker for detecting podocyte injury in ORG, offering a tool for early diagnosis, and opening new avenues for future therapeutic research of obesity-related glomerulopathy.
Topics: Animals; MicroRNAs; Obesity; Rats; Diet, High-Fat; Male; Podocytes; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Kidney Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Transcriptome; PTEN Phosphohydrolase
PubMed: 38928144
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126437 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2024Hypertension (HT) is one of the most common manifestations in patients with catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors. Although the cardiovascular manifestations of...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HT) is one of the most common manifestations in patients with catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors. Although the cardiovascular manifestations of these tumors have been described, there have been no large-scale investigations of the profile of HT and changes in cardiac structure and function that occur in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HT and left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in a cohort of 598 patients who underwent surgery for PPGL at our center between January 2001 and April 2022. Information on demographics, reason for hospitalization, medical history, biochemical parameters, findings on echocardiography, and tumor characteristics were recorded. The LVR index was compared according to whether or not there was a history of HT.
RESULTS
The average age was 47.07 ± 15.07 years, and 277 (46.32%) of the patients were male. A history of HT was found in 423 (70.74%) of the 598 patients. Paraganglioma was significantly more common in the group with HT (26.00% vs. 17.71%, P = 0.030) and significantly less likely to be found incidentally during a health check-up in this group (22.93% vs. 59.43%, P < 0.001). Among 365 patients with complete echocardiography data, left ventricular mass index (86.58 ± 26.70 vs. 75.80 ± 17.26, P < 0.001) and relative wall thickness (0.43 ± 0. 08 vs. 0.41 ± 0.06, P = 0.012) were significantly higher in patients with PPGL and a history of HT. The proportions with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (19.40% vs. 8.25%, P = 0.011) and LVR (53.73% vs. 39.18%, P = 0.014) were also higher when there was a history of HT. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, diabetes, stroke, creatinine level, tumor location, and tumor size, a history of HT was significantly correlated with LVH (odds ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.18-6.19; P = 0.018) and LVR (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.11-3.03; P = 0.018).
CONCLUSION
HT is common in patients with PPGL (70.74% in this cohort). PPGL without a history of HT is more likely to be found incidentally (59.43% in our cohort). HT is associated with LVR in PPGL patients with complete echocardiography data. These patients should be observed carefully for cardiac damage, especially those with a history of HT.
Topics: Humans; Pheochromocytoma; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Ventricular Remodeling; Paraganglioma; Hypertension; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Ventricular Function, Left; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment; Aged; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 38926862
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03936-6