-
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2024: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease that is continuously targeting people of different ages, but especially the elderly population, the number of which...
: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease that is continuously targeting people of different ages, but especially the elderly population, the number of which tends to increase continuously at the global level. Apart from age, excess weight can influence the evolution of the disease, with obesity being associated with a weak inflammation stage and an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The present work aimed to analyze specific biomarkers, namely ACRP-30, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6, in knee synovial fluid, and correlate them with KOA patients' clinical data, radiographic changes, and functional and pain scores. : 24 subjects with KOA and over 50 years of age participate in the present study. Synovial fluid was harvested using ultrasound guidance from the target knees of the enrolled KOA patients, and the levels of ACRP-30, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). All patients underwent a supine X-ray at the target knee and were classified using Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess self-reported physical function, pain, and stiffness. : The obtained results highlighted a significant correlation between age and adiponectin level ( = 0.0451, r = -0.412). Also, the IL-10 values are lower in cases where the intensity of the pain is more pronounced ( = 0.0405, r = -0.421). In addition, analyzing the data by gender, it was observed that in the case of males, stiffness is more related to age ( = 0.0079, r = 0.7993), compared to women ( = 0.0203, r = 0.6223). In the case of women, the progression of the disease tends to increase more intensively the WOMAC score's total values ( = 0.00031, r = 0.8342), compared with men ( = 0.0289, r = 7013). Regarding interleukins and BMI, significant correlations were observed only in the case of men. : A significant correlation between age and adiponectin, and adiponectin and IL-6, suggests that advanced age may contribute to adiponectin reduction. Comparing men with women, it was observed that men's age is more related to rigidity, and IL-6 and IL-10 are directly correlated to BMI; in addition, women seem to be more sensitive to pain and stiffness.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adiponectin; Aged; Cytokines; Biomarkers; Interleukin-10; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Synovial Fluid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PubMed: 38674217
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040571 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The gradual deterioration of articular cartilage was thought to be the central event in osteoarthritis (OA), but recent studies demonstrated the importance of low-grade...
The gradual deterioration of articular cartilage was thought to be the central event in osteoarthritis (OA), but recent studies demonstrated the importance of low-grade synovitis in the progression of OA. The Syndecan (SDC) family of membrane proteoglycans is known to be involved in the regulation of inflammation, but there is limited evidence considering the role of syndecans in OA synovitis. Our study aimed to investigate the hip OA synovial membrane expression patterns of SDC1, SDC2 and SDC4, as well as exostosins and sulfotransferases (enzymes involved in the polymerisation and modification of syndecans' heparan sulphate chains). Synovial membrane samples of patients with OA (24) were divided into two groups according to their Krenn synovitis score severity. The immunohistochemical expressions of SDC1, SDC2, SDC4, EXT1, EXT2, NDST1 and NDST2 in synovial intima and subintima were then analysed and compared with the control group (patients with femoral neck fracture). According to our study, the immunoexpression of SDC1, NDST1 and EXT2 is significantly increased in the intimal cells of OA synovial membrane in patients with lower histological synovitis scores and SDC4 in patients with higher synovitis scores, in comparison with non-OA controls. The difference in the expression of SDC2 among the OA and non-OA groups was insignificant. SDC1, SDC4, NDST1 and EXT2 seem to be involved as inflammation moderators in low-grade OA synovitis and, therefore, should be further investigated as potential markers of disease progression and therapeutic goals.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Inflammation; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Sulfotransferases; Syndecans; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38674142
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084557 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024: Large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (LMRCTs) present challenges in achieving successful repair due to factors such as muscle atrophy and tendon retraction....
Reinforcement Techniques in Arthroscopic Repair of Large-to-Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparative Study of Superior Capsule Reconstruction and Patch Graft Augmentation.
: Large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (LMRCTs) present challenges in achieving successful repair due to factors such as muscle atrophy and tendon retraction. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) with reinforcement techniques like superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) or patch graft augmentation (PGA) has emerged as a less invasive option to improve shoulder joint stability and prevent retear. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of SCR and PGA as reinforcement techniques for the arthroscopic repair of LMRCTs. : A single-center retrospective study was conducted on patients undergoing LMRCT repair between January 2019 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: those receiving SCR (Group 1) and those receiving PGA (Group 2). Various clinical parameters including range of motion, functional scores, and radiological assessments were evaluated preoperatively and six months postoperatively. : Both SCR and PGA techniques demonstrated significant improvements in the range of motion and clinical scores postoperatively. However, Group 2 showed higher postoperative SST and UCLA scores compared to Group 1. Radiologically, there was a slightly higher retear rate in Group 2, although this was not statistically significant. Group 2 also had a shorter mean duration of surgery compared to Group 1. : In the arthroscopic repair of LMRCTs, both SCR and PGA techniques exhibit favorable clinical and radiological outcomes. Despite the simplicity of PGA compared to SCR, it offers comparable results with a shorter surgical duration, making it a feasible reinforcement option for surgeons.
PubMed: 38673549
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082276 -
BMC Genomics Apr 2024Unraveling the intricate and tightly regulated process of adipogenesis, involving coordinated activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is essential...
BACKGROUND
Unraveling the intricate and tightly regulated process of adipogenesis, involving coordinated activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is essential for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders. The molecular pathways recruited by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during adipogenesis are also dependent on the different sources of the cells and genetic backgrounds of donors, which contribute to the functional heterogeneity of the stem cells and consequently affect the developmental features and fate of the cells.
METHODS
In this study, the alteration of transcripts during differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) derived from fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovial tissue (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance (German Landrace (DL)) and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)) was investigated. SMSCs from both tissues and breeds were stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and sampled at four time points (day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 14) to obtain transcriptomic data.
RESULTS
We observed numerous signaling pathways related to the cell cycle, cell division, cell migration, or cell proliferation during early stages of adipogenesis. As the differentiation process progresses, cells begin to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets and changes in gene expression patterns in particular of adipocyte-specific markers occur. PI3K-Akt signaling and metabolic pathways changed most during adipogenesis, while p53 signaling and ferroptosis were affected late in adipogenesis. When comparing MSCs from FS and FP, only a limited number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched signaling pathways were identified. Metabolic pathways, including fat, energy or amino acid metabolism, were highly enriched in the AS breed SMSCs compared to those of the DL breed, especially at day 7 of adipogenesis, suggesting retention of the characteristic metabolic features of their original source, demonstrating donor memory in culture. In contrast, the DL SMSCs were more enriched in immune signaling pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has provided important insights into the dynamics of adipogenesis and revealed metabolic shifts in SMSCs associated with different cell sources and genetic backgrounds of donors. This emphasises the critical role of metabolic and genetic factors as important indications and criteria for donor stem cell selection.
Topics: Animals; Adipogenesis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Swine; Signal Transduction; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Profiling; Transcriptome; Synovial Membrane; Adipocytes; Cells, Cultured; Breeding
PubMed: 38664635
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10308-z -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Apr 2024The study of neuroimmune crosstalk and the involvement of neurotransmitters in inflammation and bone health has illustrated their significance in joint-related...
The study of neuroimmune crosstalk and the involvement of neurotransmitters in inflammation and bone health has illustrated their significance in joint-related conditions. One important mode of cell-to-cell communication in the synovial fluid (SF) is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs). The role of neurotransmitter receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases, and whether there are specific miRNAs regulating differentially expressed HTR2A, contributing to the inflammatory processes and bone metabolism is unclear. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors and their correlated inflammatory molecules were identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium from a scRNA-seq dataset. Immunohistochemistry staining of synovial tissue (ST) from RA and OA patients was performed for validation. Expression of miRNAs targeting HTR2A carried by SF EVs was screened in low- and high-grade inflammation RA from a public dataset and validated by qPCR. HTR2A reduction by target miRNAs was verified by miRNAs mimics transfection into RA fibroblasts. HTR2A was found to be highly expressed in fibroblasts derived from RA synovial tissue. Its expression showed a positive correlation with the degree of inflammation observed. 5 miRNAs targeting HTR2A were decreased in RA SF EVs compared to OA, three of which, miR-214-3p, miR-3120-5p and miR-615-3p, mainly derived from monocytes in the SF, were validated as regulators of HTR2A expression. The findings suggest that fibroblast HTR2A may play a contributory role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of RA. Additionally, targeting miRNAs that act upon HTR2A could present novel therapeutic strategies for alleviating inflammation in RA.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Extracellular Vesicles; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; MicroRNAs; Osteoarthritis; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 38662111
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01352-w -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, causing substantial disability and reducing life quality. While...
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, causing substantial disability and reducing life quality. While macrophages are widely appreciated as a master regulator in the inflammatory response of RA, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of proliferation and inflammation in RA-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) remain elusive. Here, we provide extensive evidence to demonstrate that macrophage contributes to RA microenvironment remodeling by extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and downstream miR-100-5p/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis.
RESULTS
We showed that bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) derived-sEVs (BMDM-sEVs) from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice (cBMDM-sEVs) exhibited a notable increase in abundance compared with BMDM-sEVs from normal mice (nBMDM-sEVs). cBMDM-sEVs induced significant RA-FLS proliferation and potent inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, decreased levels of miR-100-5p were detected in cBMDM-sEVs compared with nBMDM-sEVs. miR-100-5p overexpression ameliorated RA-FLS proliferation and inflammation by targeting the mTOR pathway. Partial attenuation of the inflammatory effects induced by cBMDM-sEVs on RA-FLS was achieved through the introduction of an overexpression of miR-100-5p.
CONCLUSIONS
Our work reveals the critical role of macrophages in exacerbating RA by facilitating the transfer of miR-100-5p-deficient sEVs to RA-FLS, and sheds light on novel disease mechanisms and provides potential therapeutic targets for RA interventions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Mice; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cell Proliferation; Extracellular Vesicles; Inflammation; Macrophages; Mice, Inbred DBA; MicroRNAs; Signal Transduction; Synovial Membrane; Synoviocytes; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 38644475
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02444-1 -
Reumatologia Clinica Apr 2024The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different...
BACKGROUND
The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was performed with a baseline of 517 SF samples between 2011 and 2023. White blood cell count was performed by Neubauer chamber and crystals were identified by polarized light microscopy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and prevalence was reported as a percentage.
RESULTS
The mean age of the adults was 73.5±5.0 years, 54.4% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean SF volume was 6.3±9.5mL in older adults and 15.3±24.9mL in those younger than 65 years. The mean viscosity in older adults was 9.5±4.5mm and the mean leukocyte count was 7352±16,402leukocytes/mm. Seventy percent of the older adults' SFs were referred to the laboratory for osteoarthritis (OA), with lower proportions for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (14.6%) and gout (5.1%). Of the crystals observed in the geriatric population, 14.6% corresponded to monosodium urate crystals (CUM) and 18.9% to calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP).
CONCLUSIONS
The characteristics of LS in older adults were smaller volume, increased viscosity, and non-inflammatory. The main diagnoses were OA, RA, and gout. The crystal content of the SF of the geriatric population corresponded mainly to CPP.
Topics: Humans; Synovial Fluid; Aged; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Gout; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Mexico; Leukocyte Count; Age Factors
PubMed: 38644030
DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.12.009 -
Medicine Apr 2024An increase in CD4+ T cells in the synovium is closely linked to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify the possible causes of the elevated...
An increase in CD4+ T cells in the synovium is closely linked to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify the possible causes of the elevated CD4+ T cell levels and to explore the factors influencing disease activity in RA. Fifty-five RA patients, including 28 with active RA (ARA), 27 with inactive RA, and 22 healthy controls, were recruited for this study. The proportion of CCR9+CD4+ T cells and the expression of chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) on CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay were used to evaluate interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-6 levels, respectively. The proportion of CCR9+CD4+ T cells and the expression of CCR9 on CD4+ T cells increased significantly in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) in ARA compared to those in inactive RA. Furthermore, SF contained more CCR9+CD4+ T cells, IL-6, and IL-17A than PB in RA patients. Moreover, CD4+ T cells in the PB of patients with RA, especially ARA, expressed more CCR9 and secreted more IL-6 and IL-17A after activation. Here, we also demonstrated that both the percentage of CCR9+ cells in CD4+ T cells and the expression of CCR9 on circulating CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. CCR9+CD4+ T cells are elevated in PB and SF, and are associated with disease activity in patients with RA.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Receptors, Chemokine; Synovial Fluid
PubMed: 38640336
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037803 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2024Synovial chondromatosis is a non-malignant synovial disorder characterized by the presence of cartilage formation within the synovial membrane, leading to the emergence... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Synovial chondromatosis is a non-malignant synovial disorder characterized by the presence of cartilage formation within the synovial membrane, leading to the emergence of multiple cartilaginous nodules that may be either attached or unattached. The presence of this anatomical feature is frequently observed in articulations such as the knee, hip, elbow, and ankle.
CASE REPORT
In this study, we present a case of synovial chondromatosis in the knee joint of a healthy male in his early 60s. Notably, the patient exhibited the simultaneous presence of 87 large loose bodies. The occurrence of a substantial quantity of unattached entities of notable dimensions within the joint is highly uncommon.
CONCLUSIONS
The patient had several synovial chondromas, a rare disease. Synovial chondromatosis is a benign disorder; however, growing synovium can cause pyogenic cartilage nodules. Most loose bodies in joints can abrade and degenerate articular cartilage, causing long-term discomfort. Thus, an early-stage procedure to remove loose bodies and carefully excise synovial tissue is necessary to treat this condition.
Topics: Humans; Male; Ankle Joint; Cartilage, Articular; Chondromatosis, Synovial; Knee Joint; Synovial Membrane; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38639506
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202404_35895 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure for pain relief; however, the emergence of postsurgical pain remains a concern. In this study, we investigated...
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure for pain relief; however, the emergence of postsurgical pain remains a concern. In this study, we investigated the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and mediators that affect NGF production and their function in the synovial fluid and plasma after TKA. This study included 19 patients (20 knees) who had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent TKA, categorized into OA and non-OA groups. The levels of NGF, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid mediators were analyzed before and after surgery. The intraoperative synovial fluid NGF concentration was more than seven times higher in the non-OA group than in the OA group. The intra-articular NGF levels increased significantly by more than threefold postoperatively in the OA group but not in the non-OA group. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators were increased in the synovial fluid of both groups. The intra-articular cytokines or NGF concentrations positively correlated with postoperative pain. Targeted NGF control has the potential to alleviate postsurgical pain in TKA, especially in patients with OA, emphasizing the importance of understanding NGF dynamics under different knee conditions.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Synovial Fluid; Nerve Growth Factor; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain, Postoperative; Cytokines; Lipids
PubMed: 38637604
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59685-1