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International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2024Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
OBJECTIVES
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
METHODS
All hospitalizations with a diagnosis of LM in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges were examined in Spain from 2000 to 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 8152 hospital admissions with LM were identified. The mean age was 59.5 years and 48% were immunosuppressed (IS). The rate of LM hospitalizations increased from 5 per 1 million population in 2000 to 8.9 in 2021 (p < 0.001). A foodborne outbreak in Andalusia determined a sharp increase in admissions with LM during 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns were associated with a decrease in LM admissions. The overall in-hospital mortality was 16.7%. The number of deaths in patients hospitalized with LM rose from 7.8 per 100,000 deceased in 2000 to 18 in 2021 (p < 0.001). After adjustment, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16), sepsis (OR = 2.60), meningoencephalitis (OR = 1.72), endocarditis (OR = 2.0), neonatal listeriosis (OR = 2.10) and IS (OR = 2.09) were associated with mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of patients hospitalized with LM in Spain has increased significantly from 2000 to 2021. The increase in the rate of admissions and deaths was largely driven by the growing proportion of elderly and IS patients.
Topics: Humans; Listeriosis; Spain; Middle Aged; Male; Aged; Female; Listeria monocytogenes; Incidence; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Adult; COVID-19; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Adolescent; Disease Outbreaks; Child; Child, Preschool; Infant; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38734058
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Jun 2024Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is...
INTRODUCTION
Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi'an, China METHODS: The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenes showed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.
PubMed: 38733495
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00986-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Yamogenin is a steroidal saponin occurring in plant species such as , , , and sp. In this study, we evaluated in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial...
An In Vitro Study on the Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Yamogenin-A Plant Steroidal Saponin and Evaluation of Its Mechanism of Action in Gastric Cancer Cells.
Yamogenin is a steroidal saponin occurring in plant species such as , , , and sp. In this study, we evaluated in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of yamogenin. The cytotoxic activity was estimated on human colon cancer HCT116, gastric cancer AGS, squamous carcinoma UM-SCC-6 cells, and human normal fibroblasts with MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The amount of apoptotic and dead AGS cells after treatment with yamogenin was estimated with flow cytometry. Also, in yamogenin-treated AGS cells we investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activity level of caspase-8 and -9, and gene expression at mRNA level with flow cytometry, luminometry, and RT-PCR, respectively. The antioxidant properties of yamogenin were assessed with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The antimicrobial potential of the compound was estimated on , , , , , , , , , , and bacteria strains. Yamogenin showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on AGS cells (IC 18.50 ± 1.24 µg/mL) among the tested cell lines. This effect was significantly stronger in combinations of yamogenin with oxaliplatin or capecitabine than for the single compounds. Furthermore, yamogenin induced ROS production, depolarized mitochondrial membrane, and increased the activity level of caspase-8 and -9 in AGS cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that this sapogenin strongly up-regulated expression at the mRNA level. These results indicate that yamogenin induced cell death via the extrinsic and intrinsic way of apoptosis. Antioxidant study showed that yamogenin had moderate in vitro potential (IC 704.7 ± 5.9 µg/mL in DPPH and 631.09 ± 3.51 µg/mL in ABTS assay) as well as the inhibition of protein denaturation properties (with IC 1421.92 ± 6.06 µg/mL). Antimicrobial test revealed a weak effect of yamogenin on bacteria strains, the strongest one being against (with MIC value of 350 µg/mL). In conclusion, yamogenin may be a potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of gastric cancers.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Saponins; Stomach Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Anti-Infective Agents; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
PubMed: 38731847
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094627 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Traditional and regional foods have been increasing in popularity among consumers in Poland for many years. The observed trend of searching for natural and authentic...
Traditional and regional foods have been increasing in popularity among consumers in Poland for many years. The observed trend of searching for natural and authentic taste encourages many producers to craft products from raw milk, including Koryciński cheeses. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological hazards resulting from the presence of pathogenic bacteria in Koryciński cheeses available in retail trade. The tests were carried out using accredited methods, including the detection of the presence of spp., the enumeration of , the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci, and the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food when the number of coagulase-positive staphylococci in the sample exceeded the limit of 10 cfu/g. The research material consisted of 45 Koryciński cheeses. The tests conducted revealed that spp. was not detected in any of the examined cheeses. However, coagulase-positive staphylococci were present in 68.9% of the samples. In as many as 15 tested cheeses, the level of contamination was above 10 cfu/g; therefore, these samples were tested for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins. The presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins was found in one Koryciński cheese. In four cheeses, the number of exceeded the level of 10 cfu/g, the limit specified in Regulation 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. The obtained research results confirm the validity of monitoring the microbiological quality of Koryciński cheeses and the need to increase awareness of ensuring proper hygienic conditions of production, including the increased risk associated with unpasteurized milk products.
PubMed: 38731735
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091364 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness characterized by septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and occasional death in infants and...
is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness characterized by septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and occasional death in infants and immunocompromised individuals. is composed of four genetic lineages (I, II, III, and IV) and fourteen serotypes. The aim of the current study was to identify proteins that can serve as biomarkers for detection of genetic lineage III strains based on simple antibody-based methods. Liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) followed by bioinformatics and computational analysis were performed on three strains (NRRL B-33007, NRRL B-33014, and NRRL B-33077), which were used as reference strains for lineages I, II, and III, respectively. Results from ESI MS/MS revealed 42 unique proteins present in NRRL B-33077 and absent in NRRL B-33007 and NRRL B-33014 strains. BLAST analysis of the 42 proteins against a broader panel of >80 sequenced strains from lineages I and II revealed four proteins [TM2 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_2770), DUF3916 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_1897), DNA adenine methylase (NRRL B-33077_1926), and protein RhsA (NRRL B-33077_1129)] that have no homology with any sequenced strains in lineages I and II. The four genes that encode these proteins were expressed in strain DE3 and purified. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against purified recombinant proteins. ELISA using the polyclonal antibodies against 12 lineage I, II, and III isolates indicated that TM2 protein and DNA adenine methylase (Dam) detected all lineage III strains with no reaction to lineage I and II strains. In conclusion, two proteins including TM2 protein and Dam are potentially useful biomarkers for detection and differentiation of lineage III strains in clinical, environmental, and food processing facilities. Furthermore, these results validate the approach of using a combination of proteomics and bioinformatics to identify useful protein biomarkers.
PubMed: 38731673
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091302 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... May 2024is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019,...
is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019, listeriosis was diagnosed in two hospital patients in Finland. We conducted a descriptive study to identify the source of the infection and defined a case as a person with a laboratory-confirmed serogroup IIa sequence type (ST) 37. Six cases with ST 37 were notified to the Finnish Infectious Diseases Registry between 2015 and 2019. Patient interviews and hospital menus were used to target traceback investigation of the implicated foods. In 2021 and 2022, similar ST 37 was detected from samples of a ready-to-eat plant-based food product including fava beans. Inspections by the manufacturer and the local food control authority indicated that the food products were contaminated with after pasteurisation. Our investigation highlights the importance that companies producing plant-based food are subject to similar controls as those producing food of animal origin. Hospital menus can be a useful source of information that is not dependent on patient recall.
Topics: Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Disease Outbreaks; Finland; Food Microbiology; Female; Male; Foodborne Diseases; Middle Aged; Aged; Food Contamination; Adult; Fabaceae
PubMed: 38726694
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.19.2300488 -
Food Science & Nutrition May 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yogurt prepared with the addition of Persian shallot and probiotic bacteria. The effect of Persian...
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yogurt prepared with the addition of Persian shallot and probiotic bacteria. The effect of Persian shallot on the viability of probiotic bacteria ( and ) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of shallot and probiotic bacteria on and species were investigated. The experiments were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that the survival of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly in the presence of shallots ( < .05). The addition of two different probiotic bacteria to the yogurt samples inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. While bacteria had a 3-log reduction, did not grow at all in the presence of probiotic bacteria and shallots. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that the addition of shallots not only increased the survival of probiotic bacteria but also reduced the growth of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the addition of probiotic bacteria increased the acceptance of sensory properties of yogurt samples.
PubMed: 38726396
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4036 -
Heliyon May 2024In this study, isolate 1-3 was selected out for its anti- Listeria potency, from which a novel circular bacteriocin, velezin, was purified out of the fermentate, and...
In this study, isolate 1-3 was selected out for its anti- Listeria potency, from which a novel circular bacteriocin, velezin, was purified out of the fermentate, and then characterized. Facilitated with a broad antibacterial spectrum, velezin has demonstrated decent inhibitive activity against of foodborne pathogen ATCC 19115. It exerted the antibacterial activity through damaging the membrane integrity of targeted cell and causing leakage of vital elements, including K ion. It was noteworthy that velezin also inhibited the biofilm formation by ATCC 19115. At the challenge of velezin, ATCC 19115 up-regulated expression of genes associated with membrane, ion transporters, stressing-related proteins as well as the genes responsible for the synthesis of small molecule. Taken together, velezin may have potential to be a candidate as natural additive used in food/feed in the future.
PubMed: 38726204
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29701 -
Heliyon May 2024Developing multifunctional nanomaterials through environmentally friendly and efficient approaches is a pivotal focus in nanotechnology. This study aimed to employ a...
Developing multifunctional nanomaterials through environmentally friendly and efficient approaches is a pivotal focus in nanotechnology. This study aimed to employ a biogenic method to synthesize multifunctional copper oxide nanoparticles (LI-CuO NPs) with diverse capabilities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and seed priming properties, as well as photocatalytic organic dye degradation and wastewater treatment potentials using leaf extract. The synthesized LI-CuO NPs were extensively characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The colloid displayed surface plasmon resonance peaks at 320 nm, characteristic of LI-CuO NPs. DLS analysis revealed an average particle size of 93.5 nm and a negative zeta potential of -20.3 mV. FTIR and XPS analyses demonstrated that LI-CuO NPs possessed abundant functional groups that acted as stabilizing agents. XRD analysis indicated pure crystalline and spherical LI-CuO NPs measuring 36 nm in size. Antibacterial tests exhibited significant differential activity of LI-CuO NPs against both gram-negative (, ) and gram-positive ( and ) bacteria. In antioxidant tests, the LI-CuO NPs demonstrated a remarkable radical scavenging activity of 97.6 % at a concentration of 400 μg mL. These nanoparticles were also found to enhance mustard seed germination at low concentrations. With a remarkable reusability, LI-CuO NPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation efficiency of 97.6 % at 150 μg/mL as well as a 95.6 % reduction in turbidity when applied to wastewater treatment. In conclusion, this study presents environmentally friendly method for the facile synthesis of LI-CuO NPs that could potentially offer promising applications in biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation due to their multifunctional properties.
PubMed: 38726176
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30178 -
Heliyon May 2024The Contamination Sanitization Inspection and Disinfection (CSI-D) device is a handheld fluorescence-based imaging system designed to disinfect food contact surfaces...
The Contamination Sanitization Inspection and Disinfection (CSI-D) device is a handheld fluorescence-based imaging system designed to disinfect food contact surfaces using ultraviolet-C (UVC) illumination. This study aimed to determine the optimal CSI-D parameters (i.e., UVC exposure time and intensity) for the inactivation of the following foodborne bacteria plated on non-selective media: generic (indicator organism) and the pathogens enterohemorrhagic , enterotoxigenic , , and Each bacterial strain was spread-plated on non-selective agar and exposed to high-intensity (10 mW/cm) or low-intensity (5 mW/cm) UVC for 1-5 s. Control plates were not exposed to UVC. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C and then enumerated. Three trials for each bacterial strain were conducted. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine if there were significant differences in bacterial growth between UVC intensities and exposure times. Overall, exposure to low or high intensity for 3-5 s resulted in consistent inhibition of bacterial growth, with reductions of 99.9-100 % for , 96.8-100 % for , and 99.2-100 % for . The 1 s exposure time showed inconsistent results, with a 66.0-100 % reduction in growth depending on the intensity and bacterial strain. When the results for all strains within each species were combined, the 3-5 s exposure times showed significantly greater ( < 0.05) growth inhibition than the 1 s exposure time. However, there were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in growth inhibition between the high and low UVC intensities. The results of this study show that, in pure culture conditions, exposure to UVC with the CSI-D device for ≥3 s is required to achieve consistent reduction of and .
PubMed: 38726110
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30490