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International Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023To evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of various inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles along with vehicles when used as intracanal...
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of various inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles along with vehicles when used as intracanal medicaments in the root canal system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included triplicates ( = 36 times) that were subjected to n calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and metapaste as intracanal medicaments. The efficacy of novel intracanal medicaments was evaluated for biocompatibility assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent following antimicrobial efficacy against ( was evaluated using zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test, student -test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (v.20.0).
RESULTS
The order of proliferative activity of experimental groups on L929 mouse fibroblast cells using MTT assay was: metapaste > CaO > MgO > ZnO). After evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy, group I: CaO showed maximum ZOI and MIC against which showed high statistically significant differences between all four groups after ANOVA ( < 0.0001*).
CONCLUSION
calcium oxide (CaO) mixed with propylene glycol (PPG) 400 has a potential role as an intracanal medicament with minimum cytotoxic effect and maximum antimicrobial activity against endodontic pathogens.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Nanoparticles-based intracanal medicament can provide a promising future in reducing endodontic flareups when used as intracanal medicament.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Barge P, Gugawad S, Devendrappa SN, Comparative Evaluation of Nano Inorganic Metal Oxides as Intracanal Medicaments for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity in the Root Canal System. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-2):S168-S175.
PubMed: 38078022
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2635 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Large amounts of chloride ions (Cl) and sulfate ions (SO) are present in salt-washing wastewater, making it unsuitable for direct release. Adsorption can be used to...
Large amounts of chloride ions (Cl) and sulfate ions (SO) are present in salt-washing wastewater, making it unsuitable for direct release. Adsorption can be used to eliminate Cl and SO from salt-washing wastewater, and hydrotalcite is an excellent adsorbent with high adsorption properties for these ions because of a layered bimetallic hydroxide structure. The selective extraction of various metals, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron, from steel slag via acid leaching facilitates the utilization of steel slag in the preparation of hydrotalcite. In this study, the leaching mechanism of metal in steel slag was investigated using steel slag as a raw material and acetic acid as the reaction medium. The study obtained the optimal leaching mechanism for preparing hydrotalcite. Hydrotalcite was synthesized from the steel slag leaching solution by hydrothermal synthesis, and its structure was characterized. The adsorption performance of Cl and SO in salt-washing wastewater was investigated by solution adsorption experiments. The removal rates of Cl and SO in salt-washing wastewater reached 12.8% and 38.0%, respectively. After multiple adsorption cycles, the removal rates increased to 98.0% for Cl and 96.4% for SO.
PubMed: 38068146
DOI: 10.3390/ma16237402 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Feb 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease featuring an abnormal immune microenvironment and resultant accumulation of hydrogen ions (H ) produced by...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease featuring an abnormal immune microenvironment and resultant accumulation of hydrogen ions (H ) produced by activated osteoclasts (OCs). Currently, clinic RA therapy can hardly achieve sustained or efficient therapeutic outcomes due to the failures in generating sufficient immune modulation and manipulating the accumulation of H that deteriorates bone damage. Herein, a highly effective immune modulatory nanocatalytic platform, nanoceria-loaded magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH-CeO ), is proposed for enhanced immune modulation based on acid neutralization and metal ion inherent bioactivity. Specifically, the mild alkaline LDH initiates significant M2 repolarization of macrophages triggered by the elevated antioxidation effect of CeO via neutralizing excessive H in RA microenvironment, thus resulting in the efficient recruitment of regulatory T cell (Treg) and suppressions on T helper 17 cell (Th 17) and plasma cells. Moreover, the osteogenic activity is stimulated by the Mg ion released from LDH, thereby promoting the damaged bone healing. The encouraging therapeutic outcomes in adjuvant-induced RA model mice demonstrate the high feasibility of such a therapeutic concept, which provides a novel and efficient RA therapeutic modality by the immune modulatory and bone-repairing effects of inorganic nanocatalytic material.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone and Bones; Macrophages; Osteogenesis; Hydroxides
PubMed: 38064119
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307094 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Feb 2024In order to repair critical-sized bone defects, various polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based hybrid scaffolds are successfully developed as bone substitutes....
Three Birds, One Stone: An Osteo-Microenvironment Stage-Regulative Scaffold for Bone Defect Repair through Modulating Early Osteo-Immunomodulation, Middle Neovascularization, and Later Osteogenesis.
In order to repair critical-sized bone defects, various polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based hybrid scaffolds are successfully developed as bone substitutes. However, the byproducts of these PLGA-based scaffolds are known to acidify the implanted site, inducing tiresome acidic inflammation. Moreover, these degradation productions cannot offer an osteo-friendly microenvironment at the implanted site, matching natural bone healing. Herein, inspired by bone microenvironment atlas of natural bone-healing process, an osteo-microenvironment stage-regulative scaffold (P80/D10/M10) is fabricated by incorporating self-developed decellularized bone matrix microparticles (DBM-MPs) and multifunctional magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MH-NPs) into PLGA with an optimized proportion using low-temperature rapid prototyping (LT-RP) 3D-printing technology. The cell experiments show that this P80/D10/M10 exhibits excellent properties in mechanics, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, meanwhile superior stimulations in osteo-immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Additionally, the animal experiments determined that this P80/D10/M10 can offer an osteo-friendly microenvironment in a stage-matched pattern for enhanced bone regeneration, namely, optimization of early inflammation, middle neovascularization, and later bone formation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that the in vivo performance of P80/D10/M10 on bone defect repair is mostly attributed to regulating artery development, bone development, and bone remodeling. Overall, this study reveals that the osteo-microenvironment stage-regulative scaffold provides a promising treatment for bone defect repair.
Topics: Animals; Osteogenesis; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone Regeneration; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Inflammation; Glycolates
PubMed: 38060833
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306428 -
Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical... 2023The management of post-operative pain after surgical repair of pectus excavatum with the Ravitch procedure is challenging. Although previous studies have compared...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The management of post-operative pain after surgical repair of pectus excavatum with the Ravitch procedure is challenging. Although previous studies have compared various methods of pain control in these patients, few have compared different local anesthetics. This retrospective analysis compares the use of bupivacaine to its longer-acting form, liposomal bupivacaine, in patients who had undergone pectus excavatum repair with the Ravitch method.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eleven patients who received local infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine were matched to 11 patients who received local infiltration utilizing bupivacaine with epinephrine. The primary outcome was total morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram body weight (MME/kg) over the complete length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included total cumulative diazepam, acetaminophen, ondansetron, and NSAID dose per kilogram body weight (mg/kg) over the course of the hospital stay, chest tube drainage (ml/kg body weight), number of post-operative hours until the first bowel movement, Haller Index, patient request for magnesium hydroxide, average pain scores from post-operative day 1 to post-operative day 5, and length of hospital stay. Continuous variables were reported as medians with inter-quartile ranges, and categorical values were reported as percentages and frequencies.
RESULTS
The total MME/kg [1.7 (1.2-2.4) vs 2.9 (2.0-3.9), = 0.007] and hydromorphone (mg/kg) [0.1 (0.0-0.2) vs 0.3 (0.1-0.4), = 0.006] use in the liposomal bupivacaine group versus bupivacaine with epinephrine was significantly reduced over total length of hospital stay. Similarly, there was a reduction in diazepam use in the liposomal bupivacaine group versus the bupivacaine group [0.4 (0.1-0.8) vs 0.6 (0.4-0.7), = 0.249], but this did not reach statistical significance. The total dose of ondansetron (mg/kg) was not statistically different when comparing the liposomal bupivacaine group to the bupivacaine group [0.3 (0.0-0.5) vs 0.3 (0.2-0.6), = 0.332]. Interestingly, the total dose of acetaminophen (mg/kg) was statistically increased in the liposomal bupivacaine group compared to the bupivacaine with epinephrine group [172 (138-183) vs 74 (55-111), = 0.007]. Additionally, the total chest tube drainage (ml/kg) was significantly reduced in the liposomal bupivacaine group [9.3 (7.5-10.6) vs 12.8 (11.3-18.5), = 0.027]. Finally, the percentage of patients without requests for magnesium hydroxide to promote laxation was significantly higher in the liposomal bupivacaine group than in the bupivacaine group (63.6% vs 18.2%, = 0.027).
CONCLUSION
The use of liposomal bupivacaine for local infiltration in patients who undergo the Ravitch procedure for pectus repair offers advantages over plain bupivacaine, including reduced opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects. However, more data are needed to understand the significance of these findings.
PubMed: 38025581
DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_336_21 -
Polymers Nov 2023The thermal decomposition product of magnesium hydroxide (MH) is magnesium oxide (MgO), which serves as the foundational material for fireproof layer construction in the...
The thermal decomposition product of magnesium hydroxide (MH) is magnesium oxide (MgO), which serves as the foundational material for fireproof layer construction in the condensed phase. However, the weak interaction force between particles of MgO generated by thermal decomposition leads to the insufficient strength and poor adhesion ability of the fireproof layer. The fireproof layer was easily damaged and detached in this study, resulting in the low flame-retardant efficiency of MH. In this work, polycarbosilane (PCS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) were used to modify MH, and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composites were made via melt blending. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB were evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The thermal stability of the composites and flame retardants was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The char layer structure was observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results indicate that the LOI of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB with 50 wt.% flame retardants in total was as high as 65.1, which increased by 160% in comparison with EVA/MH. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP) of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composite decreased by 22.7% compared to EVA/MH/PCS; the thermal stability of the MH/PCS/DVB and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB improved to some extent; and the compact residual char after the combustion of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB had fewer cracks due to the adhesive effect induced by PCS/DVB.
PubMed: 38006164
DOI: 10.3390/polym15224440 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Nov 2023In this study, we have developed innovative polymer nanocomposites by integrating magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanocarriers modified with...
New Functional Bionanocomposites by Combining Hybrid Host-Guest Systems with a Fully Biobased Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) Binary Blend.
In this study, we have developed innovative polymer nanocomposites by integrating magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanocarriers modified with functional molecules into a fully biobased poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) matrix. These LDH-based hybrid host-guest systems contain bioactive compounds like rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid, known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive molecules can be gradually released from the nanocarriers over time, allowing for sustained and controlled delivery in various applications, such as active packaging or cosmetics. The morphological analysis of the polymer composites, prepared using a discontinuous mechanical mixer, revealed the presence of macroaggregates and nano-lamellae at the polymer interface. This resulted in an enhanced water vapor permeability compared to the original blend. Furthermore, the migration kinetics of active molecules from the thin films confirmed a controlled release mechanism based on their immobilization within the lamellar system. Scaling-up experiments evaluated the materials' morphology and mechanical and thermal properties. Remarkably, stretching deformation and a higher shear rate during the mixing process enhanced the dispersion and distribution of the nanocarriers, as confirmed by the favorable mechanical properties of the materials.
PubMed: 37998118
DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110549 -
Water Research Dec 2023Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)] is a non-hazardous chemical widely applied in sewer systems for managing odour and corrosion. Despite its proven effectiveness in mitigating...
Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)] is a non-hazardous chemical widely applied in sewer systems for managing odour and corrosion. Despite its proven effectiveness in mitigating these issues, the impacts of dosing Mg(OH) in sewers on downstream wastewater treatment plants have not been comprehensively investigated. Through a one-year operation of laboratory-scale urban wastewater systems, including sewer reactors, sequencing batch reactors, and anaerobic sludge digesters, the findings indicated that Mg(OH) dosing in sewer systems had multifaceted benefits on downstream treatment processes. Compared to the control, the Mg(OH)-dosed experimental system displayed elevated sewage pH (8.8±0.1vs 7.1±0.1), reduced sulfide concentration by 35.1%±4.9% (6.7±0.9mgSL), and lower methane concentration by 58.0%±4.9% (19.1±3.6mgCODL). Additionally, it increased alkalinity by 16.3%±2.2% (51.9±5.4mgCaCOL), and volatile fatty acids concentration by 207.4%±22.2% (56.6±9.0mgCODL) in sewer effluent. While these changes offered limited advantages for downstream nitrogen removal in systems with sufficient alkalinity and carbon sources, significant improvements in ammonium oxidation rate and NOx reduction rate were observed in cases with limited alkalinity and carbon sources availability. Moreover, Mg(OH) dosing in upstream did not have any detrimental effects on anaerobic sludge digesters. Magnesium-phosphate precipitation led to a 31.7%±4.1% reduction in phosphate concertation in anaerobic digester sludge supernatant (56.1±10.4mgPL). The retention of magnesium in sludge increased settleability by 13.9%±1.6% and improved digested sludge dewaterability by 10.7%±5.3%. Consequently, the use of Mg(OH) dosing in sewers could potentially reduce downstream chemical demand and costs for carbon sources (e.g., acetate), pH adjustment and sludge dewatering.
Topics: Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Magnesium Hydroxide; Magnesium; Iron; Phosphates; Carbon
PubMed: 37924683
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120788 -
Chemical Science Nov 2023In seawater, severe hydroxide-based precipitation on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode surface is still a major stumbling block for direct seawater...
In seawater, severe hydroxide-based precipitation on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode surface is still a major stumbling block for direct seawater electrolysis. Here, we design a direct seawater HER electrode with excellent anti-precipitation performance based on an Ni(OH) nanofiltration membrane grown on nickel foam (NF) at room temperature. The positively charged Ni(OH) membrane with nanometer-scale cracks realises an ion sieving function, which apparently hinders the transfer of Mg/Ca ions to suppress precipitation, while rapidly transporting OH and HO to ensure HER mass transfer. Therefore, the Ni(OH)-membrane-decorated seawater HER electrode reduces precipitation by about 98.3% and exhibits high activity and stability. Moreover, in the application of a direct seawater electrolyser and magnesium seawater battery, the Ni(OH) membrane-decorated electrode also shows low precipitation and high stability. This work highlights a potential strategy to solve HER electrode precipitation in seawater an ingenious electrode structure design.
PubMed: 37920330
DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04532c -
Polymers Oct 2023Simultaneously high-rate and high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have long been the research focus in both academia and industry. In this study, a multifunctional...
Simultaneously high-rate and high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have long been the research focus in both academia and industry. In this study, a multifunctional composite membrane fabricated by incorporating poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with magnesium carbonate hydroxide (MCH) nanofibers was reported for the first time. Compared to commercial polypropylene (PP) membranes and neat PVDF membranes, the composite membrane exhibits various excellent properties, including higher porosity (85.9%) and electrolyte wettability (539.8%), better ionic conductivity (1.4 mS·cm), and lower interfacial resistance (93.3 Ω). It can remain dimensionally stable up to 180 °C, preventing LIBs from fast internal short-circuiting at the beginning of a thermal runaway situation. When a coin cell assembled with this composite membrane was tested at a high temperature (100 °C), it showed superior charge-discharge performance across 100 cycles. Furthermore, this composite membrane demonstrated greatly improved flame retardancy compared with PP and PVDF membranes. We anticipate that this multifunctional membrane will be a promising separator candidate for next-generation LIBs and other energy storage devices, in order to meet rate and safety requirements.
PubMed: 37896363
DOI: 10.3390/polym15204120