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Journal of Occupational Health Jul 2024Although studies have shown that Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are common and continue to be a main source of disability and work time loss, there are...
OBJECTIVE
Although studies have shown that Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are common and continue to be a main source of disability and work time loss, there are few reports on elbow WMSDs. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and associated factors of elbow WMSDs.
METHODS
The valid questionnaires of 57501 workers from 15 different industries nationwide were collected and the Chi-square test and logistic-regression-analysis were applied to reveal the prevalence and risk factors of elbow.
RESULTS
The findings indicated that prevalence of elbow WMSDs among workers was 7.3%. The prevalence of elbow WMSDs in toy manufacturing was 21.3%, which significantly higher than that in other industries (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that aged 40 and above, married, very poor health, left-handed, lifting weights (more than 20 kg each time) , work requiring upper limb or hand force, work in an uncomfortable position, repetitive operations within one minute, using vibrating tools, work involves cold, cool winds or temperature changes, work being completed in the same workshop, work being done outdoors, frequent deal with customers , two shifts, often work overtime, staff shortage, often work for colleagues were the risk factors of elbow WMSDs.The higer education level and monthly income, and enough rest time were the protective factors of elbow WMSDs.
CONCLUSION
The toy manufacturing is a high-risk industry for elbow WMSDs. The publicity and education of ergonomics knowledge should be strengthened, and the workers' ergonomics awareness should be improved to reduce the impact of WMSDs.
PubMed: 38955204
DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae031 -
PloS One 2024Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental illness affecting young women worldwide. This study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of major depressive...
INTRODUCTION
Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental illness affecting young women worldwide. This study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of major depressive disorder (MDD) among young women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India.
METHODS
Data from "Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults" (UDAYA) study (2018-19) for young women aged 12-23 years, both married and unmarried was used for this paper. MDD was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 with a cut-off score of ≤10. The determinants of MDD were identified through multilevel binary logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MDD was 13.6% (95% CL 12.2-15.2) and 5.1% (95% CL 4.2-6.1) for young married women and unmarried girls, respectively. Among the young married women, community-level variables like dowry-related humiliation (1.74, 95% CI 1.15-2.64), and sexual assaults (2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.73) were significantly associated with MDD. For unmarried girls, reporting of family violence <10% of participants (0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.85), family violence (≥10% of participants) % (0.35 95% CI 0.19-0.68) and interpartner violence (>25% of participants) (0.42; 95% CI 0.23-0.74) remain significant predictors of MDD. At individual level, for both the groups, age, participation in decision making (on education), social capital (currently attending school/educational course and number of friends), self-efficacy, telephonic harassment, and physical activity were associated with MDD. Wealth index, job seeking, participation in decision making (on health-seeking), parental interactions and physical abuse (for unmarried girls only) and education, reported last sexual intercourse, pressure from the in-laws' to conceive (for young married women only) were associated with MDD.
CONCLUSIONS
For young married women, community level targeted interventions should focus on the social ecology to foster a sense of safe community environment. For unmarried girls, additionally, interventions should aim to optimize their family environment for effective mental health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Depressive Disorder, Major; Adolescent; Young Adult; India; Prevalence; Marriage; Child; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Single Person
PubMed: 38954722
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306071 -
Journal of Patient-reported Outcomes Jul 2024As cancer centers have increased focus on patient-centered, evidenced-based care, implementing efficient programs that facilitate effective patient-clinician...
A mixed methods evaluation of patient perspectives on the implementation of an electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom and needs monitoring program in cancer care.
BACKGROUND
As cancer centers have increased focus on patient-centered, evidenced-based care, implementing efficient programs that facilitate effective patient-clinician communication remains critical. We implemented an electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom and needs monitoring program ('cPRO' for cancer patient-reported outcomes). To aid evaluation of cPRO implementation, we asked patients receiving care in one of three geographical regions of an academic healthcare system about their experiences.
METHODS
Using a sequential mixed-methods approach, we collected feedback in two waves. Wave 1 included virtual focus groups and interviews with patients who had completed cPRO. In Wave 2, we administered a structured survey to systematically examine Wave 1 themes. All participants had a diagnosed malignancy and received at least 2 invitations to complete cPRO. We used rapid and traditional qualitative methods to analyze Wave 1 data and focused on identifying facilitators and barriers to cPRO implementation. Wave 2 data were analyzed descriptively.
RESULTS
Participants (n = 180) were on average 62.9 years old; were majority female, White, non-Hispanic, and married; and represented various cancer types and phases of treatment. Wave 1 participants (n = 37) identified facilitators, including cPRO's perceived value and favorable usability, and barriers, including confusion about cPRO's purpose and various considerations for responding. High levels of clinician engagement with, and patient education on, cPRO were described as facilitators while low levels were described as barriers. Wave 2 (n = 143) data demonstrated high endorsement rates of cPRO's usability on domains such as navigability (91.6%), comprehensibility (98.7%), and relevance (82.4%). Wave 2 data also indicated low rates of understanding cPRO's purpose (56.7%), education from care teams about cPRO (22.5%), and discussing results of cPRO with care teams (16.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
While patients reported high value and ease of use when completing cPRO, they also reported areas of confusion, emphasizing the importance of patient education on the purpose and use of cPRO and clinician engagement to sustain participation. These results guided successful implementation changes and will inform future improvements.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Electronic Health Records; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Aged; Focus Groups; Qualitative Research; Patient-Centered Care; Adult
PubMed: 38954112
DOI: 10.1186/s41687-024-00742-8 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.
BACKGROUND
High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.
OBJECTIVES
MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.
RESULTS
Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.
CONCLUSION
This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; India; Male; Female; Leprosy, Multibacillary; Adult; Prevalence; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult; Delayed Diagnosis; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Child; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38953799
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1004_23 -
Contraception and Reproductive Medicine Jul 2024Numerous factors at the individual, interpersonal, and societal levels are related to contraceptive use (or non-use) among adolescents and youth. Little is known about...
"Everyone has their own problems and realities so the religious community cannot judge someone." Contraception motivations and perceived consequences among young contraceptive users who practice a religion in Burkina Faso.
BACKGROUND
Numerous factors at the individual, interpersonal, and societal levels are related to contraceptive use (or non-use) among adolescents and youth. Little is known about the role of religion as an individual and community-level influencer of contraceptive use among young women.
METHODS
Using in-depth interviews with 24 young contraceptive users ages 18-24 who practice their Catholic, Protestant or Muslim religion in two cities in Burkina Faso, this study examines motivations and perceived consequences of contraceptive use. By including users of modern contraception who were both single and married, a range of perspectives are provided.
RESULTS
Generally, the young women interviewed who practice their religion and use contraception perceived that their religion was not supportive of contraceptive use. A few exceptions were provided, including perceived acceptance of use of some methods for married women for spacing purposes; this was specifically identified as acceptable among Muslim respondents. Sexual activity and contraceptive use were not acceptable by any of the religions for unmarried young women. That said, young women, both married and unmarried, reported their motivations for use that often related to their and their children's health and the realities of life. Contraceptive use was considered a private matter which meant that the religious community would not find out about women's use.
CONCLUSIONS
Recognizing that some women are willing and able to use contraception even without the perceived support of their religious communities might help to push social norms to change and be more accepting of contraceptive use that meets young women's and families' circumstances.
PubMed: 38951885
DOI: 10.1186/s40834-024-00295-7 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Hysterectomy is a gynaecological surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed as a treatment for both malignant and benign gynaecological diseases. A hysterectomy...
BACKGROUND
Hysterectomy is a gynaecological surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed as a treatment for both malignant and benign gynaecological diseases. A hysterectomy is also performed to minimise risks in women with problems related to the uterus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reported hysterectomy and associated risk factors in Brazilian women aged 50 and older.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) was conducted. A total of 5,293 women aged 50 and over who participated in the ELSI-Brazil study in 2015 and 2016 were included. The prevalence rate of hysterectomy was estimated and the main reasons for performing the surgery were identified. The bivariate analyses utilised the chi-square test, while multivariate analyses employed Poisson regression with a robust estimator.
RESULTS
The reported prevalence of hysterectomy was 17.8%. The most prevalent reason for the surgery was the presence of uterine myoma. Significant and independent associations were observed in women aged 63 and older, married, having undergone preventive exams, hormonal treatment, had up to three deliveries and having a private health plan.
CONCLUSION
The main objective of the study was achieved. The prevalence of hysterectomy in Brazilian women aged 50 and older was 17.8%. Significant associations were observed with participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics reinforcing the importance of considering the reproductive characteristics of women as indicators of health status.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hysterectomy; Brazil; Middle Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38951794
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19231-0 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2024The negative impact of adverse perinatal mental health extends beyond the mother and child; therefore, it is essential to make an early intervention for the management... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Promoting mental wellbeing in pregnant women living in Pakistan with the Safe Motherhood-Accessible Resilience Training (SM-ART) intervention: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The negative impact of adverse perinatal mental health extends beyond the mother and child; therefore, it is essential to make an early intervention for the management of mental illness during pregnancy. Resilience-building interventions are demonstrated to reduce depression and anxiety among expectant mothers, yet research in this field is limited. This study aims to examine the effect of the 'Safe Motherhood-Accessible Resilience Training (SM-ART)' on resilience, marital adjustment, depression, and pregnancy-related anxiety in a sample of pregnant women in Karachi, Pakistan.
METHOD
In this single-blinded block randomized controlled study, 200 pregnant women were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group using computer-generated randomization and opaque sealed envelopes. The intervention group received the SM-ART intervention consisting of six, weekly sessions ranging from 60 to 90 min. Outcomes (Resilience, depression, pregnancy-related anxiety and marital harmony) were assessed through validated instruments at baseline and after six weeks of both intervention and control groups.
RESULTS
The results revealed a significant increase in mean resilience scores (Difference:6.91, Effect size: 0.48, p-value < 0.05) and a decrease in depressive symptoms (Difference: -2.12, Effect size: 0.21, p-value < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in anxiety and marital adjustment scores.
CONCLUSION
The SM-ART intervention has the potential to boost resilience scores and decrease depressive symptoms in pregnant women and offers a promising intervention to improve maternal psychological health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT04694261, Date of first trial registration: 05/01/2021.
Topics: Humans; Female; Resilience, Psychological; Pakistan; Pregnancy; Adult; Anxiety; Depression; Single-Blind Method; Pregnant Women; Mental Health; Pregnancy Complications; Young Adult; Marriage; Mothers
PubMed: 38951777
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06629-2 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by . It has a wide host range and is capable of vertical transmission in pregnant women, which may lead to...
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by . It has a wide host range and is capable of vertical transmission in pregnant women, which may lead to undesirable pregnancy outcomes such as congenital malformations, miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth. This study investigated the seroprevalence of infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Namwala District Hospital in Southern Zambia.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study where blood was collected, and the serum was tested for IgG and IgM. A questionnaire was administered to participants on demographic characteristics and risk factors. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 401 women were enrolled in the study from 3 March to 5 August 2021. The seroprevalence of IgG was 4.2% (n=17), while the seroprevalence of IgM was 0.7% (n=3). The median age was 27 (IQR: 24-30) years, and a larger proportion had primary-level education (n=223, 55.6%). The majority (81.6%) of the women were married. None of the risk factors investigated in this study were significant for infection.
CONCLUSION
There was a low seroprevalence of infection among pregnant women in the Namwala district of Southern Province, Zambia, and regular screening may not be warranted in this population. Continued research on toxoplasmosis is recommended to understand its epidemiology across Zambia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Zambia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Adult; Pregnancy; Toxoplasmosis; Risk Factors; Toxoplasma; Young Adult; Immunoglobulin M; Antibodies, Protozoan; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic; Immunoglobulin G; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 38950992
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084582 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To assess the knowledge of caregivers in a tertiary care setting about child abuse, their perception of potential barriers in the way of seeking medical advice for the...
Barriers to medical consultation and strategies for enhancing the prevention and reporting of child abuse: A cross-sectional survey of caregivers of paediatric patients at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the knowledge of caregivers in a tertiary care setting about child abuse, their perception of potential barriers in the way of seeking medical advice for the victims, and to identify proposed solutions to ensure prevention and reporting of child abuse.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022 at the paediatric ward of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised caregivers who were attendants of inpatients. Data was collected using a predesigned anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 27 items that were scored on a 6-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
RESULTS
Of the 144 caregivers, 96(66.6%) were females and 48(33.3%) were males. Overall, 86(59.7%) were aged <35 years, 132(91.7%) were married, and 120(83.3%) were the admitted child's parent. The majority of caregivers 110(76.4%) perceived themselves to possess a high level of knowledge about child abuse. Barriers identified included a lack of trust in police and medicolegal departments 136(94.4%), fear of repercussion from the suspect 120(83.3%) and lack of confidentiality of the victims' identity 116(80.6%). The proposed solutions included spreading awareness among teachers 136(94.4%) and caregivers 131(91.0%) about timely reporting and consultation, and developing proper mechanisms to follow-up on victims 133(92.4%). There were significant associations between some demographic characteristics of the respondents and their self-perceived knowledge and perceptions (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
There was found a need to enhance public trust, ensure confidentiality, and fostering awareness through targeted strategies for a safer and more facilitative environment for children.
Topics: Humans; Pakistan; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Child Abuse; Tertiary Care Centers; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Child; Caregivers; Referral and Consultation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Trust; Mandatory Reporting
PubMed: 38948982
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.10320 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Following the World Health Organization statement 'Health for all', family medicine is a specialty that provides continuing, comprehensive healthcare to individuals and...
BACKGROUND
Following the World Health Organization statement 'Health for all', family medicine is a specialty that provides continuing, comprehensive healthcare to individuals and their families. Despite that, it is still not yet utilized to its full potential by the developing Middle-Eastern community. The aim of our study is to assess the perception and utilization of family medicine services among Abu Dhabi Island's community.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting Abu Dhabi Island's community. A representative sample with 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error was calculated taking into consideration the latest report by the Abu Dhabi Statistics Center. A total of 395 adult participants were included in the study, who were asked to fill in an electronic-based validated questionnaire. SPSS software was then used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Majority of participants were UAE nationals (81%) and married (71.1%), with almost equal male (50.4%) to female ratio (49.6%). Participants had positive experiences in primary healthcare (PHC) overall, regardless of their gender, nationality and marital status. Positive experience percentages dropped with higher age and educational level (-value <0.05). A better understanding was noticed among ≥50 years of age with the rightful destination for emergency symptoms (-value <0.05). Participants overall agreed on PHC being the preferred allocation for treatment of fever, body aches and sore throat.
CONCLUSION
Primary healthcare centres were chosen as preferred destinations for emergency and non-emergency cases, as the vast majority had positive experiences when attending them.
PubMed: 38948625
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1736_23