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PloS One 2024The elderly is commonly susceptible to depression, the symptoms for which may overlap with natural aging or other illnesses, and therefore miss being captured by routine...
BACKGROUND
The elderly is commonly susceptible to depression, the symptoms for which may overlap with natural aging or other illnesses, and therefore miss being captured by routine screening questionnaires. Passive sensing data have been promoted as a tool for depressive symptoms detection though there is still limited evidence on its usage in the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to review current knowledge on the use of passive sensing data via smartphones and smartwatches in depressive symptom screening for the elderly.
METHOD
The search of literature was performed in PubMed, IEEE Xplore digital library, and PsycINFO. Literature investigating the use of passive sensing data to screen, monitor, and/or predict depressive symptoms in the elderly (aged 60 and above) via smartphones and/or wrist-worn wearables was included for initial screening. Studies in English from international journals published between January 2012 to September 2022 were included. The reviewed studies were further analyzed by a narrative analysis.
RESULTS
The majority of 21 included studies were conducted in Western countries with a few in Asia and Australia. Most studies adopted a cohort study design (n = 12), followed by cross-sectional design (n = 7) and a case-control design (n = 2). The most popular passive sensing data was related to sleep and physical activity using an actigraphy. Sleep characteristics, such as prolonged wakefulness after sleep onset, along with lower levels of physical activity, exhibited a significant association with depression. However, cohort studies expressed concerns regarding data quality stemming from incomplete follow-up and potential confounding effects.
CONCLUSION
Passive sensing data, such as sleep, and physical activity parameters should be promoted for depressive symptoms detection. However, the validity, reliability, feasibility, and privacy concerns still need further exploration.
Topics: Humans; Smartphone; Depression; Aged; Mass Screening; Wearable Electronic Devices; Sleep; Middle Aged; Exercise; Female
PubMed: 38935797
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304845 -
PloS One 2024Tools screening depression and anxiety developed using the Western biomedical paradigm are still used with First Nations Peoples globally, despite calls for...
A Delphi study and development of a social and emotional wellbeing screening tool for Australian First Nations Peoples living in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Australia.
Tools screening depression and anxiety developed using the Western biomedical paradigm are still used with First Nations Peoples globally, despite calls for cross-cultural adaption. Recent work by this research team found that tools used to screen for depression and anxiety were inappropriate for use with Australian First Nations Peoples living in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Australia. The objective of this Delphi study, the second phase of a broader four-phase project, was to gain consensus from an expert mental health and/or social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) panel to inform the development of an appropriate screening tool. This Delphi study took place between March and May 2023. Three sequential rounds of anonymous online surveys delivered using QualtricsTM were planned, although only two were needed to reach 75% consensus. The first round sought consensus on whether a new screening tool needed to be developed or whether existing tools could be used. The second round achieved consensus. Twenty-eight experts (47% response rate) participated across the two Delphi rounds. In the second round, 83% of these experts agreed or strongly agreed that a new screening tool, using the holistic First Nations concept of social and emotional wellbeing, be developed. Ninety-four percent of them agreed that it should take a Yarning approach. These findings enabled the development of a new SEWB screening tool that adopted a Yarning (narrative) approach designed for use in primary care and geriatric settings in the region. The new tool has four different Yarning areas: Community engagement and behaviour; Stress worries; Risk; and Feeling strong. Guidelines for tool use are integrated as well as Summary and Recommendation sections. At a macro-level this project responds to the need for new screening tools that are underpinned by First Nations worldviews.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Anxiety; Australia; Delphi Technique; Depression; Emotions; Mass Screening; Mental Health; Surveys and Questionnaires; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
PubMed: 38935759
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306316 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Oct 2023A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in urban and rural areas of Ludhiana district, Punjab. A total of 1000 subjects aged 25-65... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in urban and rural areas of Ludhiana district, Punjab. A total of 1000 subjects aged 25-65 years were selected for screening. The study found that both urban and rural areas had an average body mass index above 23.0 kg/m2, with rural populations having higher waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratios. Abdominal obesity was more prevalent in women in both areas. Rural men and women had higher fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure levels. MetS prevalence in urban areas is lower among men (7%) and women (10%) compared to rural areas (34% and 26%). The timely detection of metabolic disorder risk factors and intervention can effectively address MetS in the Indian population, thereby improving the country's health statistics.
Topics: Humans; India; Middle Aged; Adult; Male; Female; Prevalence; Metabolic Syndrome; Rural Population; Aged; Urban Population; Body Mass Index; Risk Factors; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 38934809
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1747_22 -
Hepatology Communications Jul 2024Identifying patients with undiagnosed advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is a public health challenge. Patients with advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis have...
BACKGROUND
Identifying patients with undiagnosed advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is a public health challenge. Patients with advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis have much better outcomes than those with decompensated disease and may be eligible for interventions to prevent disease progression.
METHODS
A cloud-based software solution ("the Liver Toolkit") was developed to access primary care practice software to identify patients at risk of ACLD. Clinical history and laboratory results were extracted to calculate aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis 4 scores. Patients identified were recalled for assessment, including Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) via transient elastography. Those with an existing diagnosis of cirrhosis were excluded.
RESULTS
Existing laboratory results of more than 32,000 adults across nine general practices were assessed to identify 703 patients at increased risk of ACLD (2.2% of the cohort). One hundred seventy-nine patients (26%) were successfully recalled, and 23/179 (13%) were identified to have ACLD (LSM ≥10.0 kPa) (10% found at indeterminate risk [LSM 8.0-9.9 kPa] and 77% low risk of fibrosis [LSM <8.0 kPa]). In most cases, the diagnosis of liver disease was new, with the most common etiology being metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (n=20, 83%). Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index ≥1.0 and fibrosis 4 ≥3.25 had a positive predictive value for detecting ACLD of 19% and 24%, respectively. Patients who did not attend recall had markers of more severe disease with a higher median aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index score (0.57 vs. 0.46, p=0.041).
CONCLUSIONS
This novel information technology system successfully screened a large primary care cohort using existing laboratory results to identify patients at increased risk ACLD. More than 1 in 5 patients recalled were found to have liver disease requiring specialist follow-up.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; General Practice; Adult; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Software; Mass Screening; Aged; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chronic Disease; Platelet Count
PubMed: 38934697
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000482 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2024Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of...
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.
PubMed: 38933991
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101530 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy that ranks third in incidence among gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, screening bioactive compounds for treatment...
Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy that ranks third in incidence among gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, screening bioactive compounds for treatment of colon cancer is urgently needed. L. (SO) has been demonstrated that the extractions or monomers possess potential anti-tumor effect. In this study, we firstly used cell membrane chromatography (CMC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(Q) TOF-MS/MS) to identify a novel active ingredient, octyl gallate (OG), from SO methanol extract (SO-MtOH). HCT116 and SW620 cells lines were used for research, which showed OG presents great anti-colon cancer effect by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and repressing the migration and invasion. Furthermore, SW620 bearing athymic nude mice was used to investigate the potential antitumor activity , which exhibited OG treatment remarkably lessened the tumor volume. Mechanism studies showed that OG downregulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis and induced apoptosis by upregulating the Bax/Bcl-2 protein and the cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9. In conclusion, our research innovatively applied the method of CMC to intriguingly unearth the potential anti-colon cancer ingredient OG and demonstrated its the great antineoplastic activity, which provide a new insight for researchers efficiently developing the novel apoptosis-inducing compound for colon cancer therapy.
PubMed: 38933948
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32230 -
Indian Journal of Community Medicine :... 2024Smartphone addiction (SA) has emerged as an important health concern worldwide. Recent studies have recognized SA as one of the factors that promote sedentarism and can...
Smartphone addiction (SA) has emerged as an important health concern worldwide. Recent studies have recognized SA as one of the factors that promote sedentarism and can contribute to obesity. However, the relationship between SA and obesity among Indian young adults remains understudied. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of SA and explore its association with general and central obesity among young adults in Delhi, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 young adults (aged 18-30 years) of either sex (60.16% females) from Delhi. Screening for SA was done using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Somatometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference) were taken to determine general and central obesity. SA was prevalent among 25.2% of the participants. The prevalence of SA was higher among males and undergraduate students than among females and postgraduate/MPhil/PhD students, respectively. Further, SA was not associated with any of the obesity variables. Interestingly, smartphone addicts were found to have a 2.5-fold increased risk of being underweight. Though SA was not associated with obesity, it was found to be associated with being underweight, indicating a relationship between smartphone use and nutritional status among young adults.
PubMed: 38933784
DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_288_23 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024the provision of essential preconception care services for HIV-positive pregnant women is crucial to prevent HIV transmission to infants. This includes pregnancy...
INTRODUCTION
the provision of essential preconception care services for HIV-positive pregnant women is crucial to prevent HIV transmission to infants. This includes pregnancy intention screening services, adequate viral load monitoring and suppression before conception, and necessary nutritional support. In Nyeri County, the prevalence of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV is 5.3%, which is higher than the global threshold of 5%. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pre-conception care services in preventing HIV transmission to infants in Nyeri County. The study objectives are to assess the utilization of pre-conception care services among HIV-positive women, specifically focusing on pregnancy intention screening, viral load monitoring and suppression, and access to nutritional assessment services before pregnancy. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the relationship between the provision of pre-conception care services and infant HIV outcomes.
METHODS
this cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study employed stratified sampling to select eight level 4 and level 5 hospitals in Nyeri County. The target population consisted of HIV-infected women seeking postnatal care in these facilities, with a sample size of 252 women who had HIV-exposed infants under two years old and were receiving post-natal care at the respective hospitals. Sociodemographic characteristics, including age, marital status, and education level, were collected. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS
our findings revealed that only 34.2% of HIV-positive women seeking postnatal care had received information or services related to pregnancy intention screening, a crucial aspect of pre-conception care. Almost half (46.4%) of the women who participated in the study had undergone viral load measurements before pregnancy, which is another critical component of preconception care. Additionally, 85.6% of these women had received nutritional services during pregnancy from their healthcare providers. Interestingly, all women who received any pre-conception care services reported that their infants were alive and tested HIV-negative.
CONCLUSION
preconception care is crucial in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Efforts should be made to ensure that all HIV-infected women planning to conceive have access to preconception care services.
Topics: Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Female; HIV Infections; Pregnancy; Adult; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Preconception Care; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Viral Load; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Mass Screening; Adolescent; Postnatal Care; Prevalence; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 38933429
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.144.37196 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and... 2024Within Diagnosis Related Groups, based on service capability, efficiency, and quality safety assessment, clinical pharmacists contribute to promoting rational drug...
BACKGROUND
Within Diagnosis Related Groups, based on service capability, efficiency, and quality safety assessment, clinical pharmacists contribute to promoting rational drug utilisation in healthcare institutions. However, a deficiency of pharmacist involvement has been observed in the total parenteral nutrition support to patients following haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) within DRGs.
METHODS
This study involved 146 patients who underwent HCT at the Department of Haematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, spanning from January 2020 to December 2022.
RESULTS
Patients were allocated equally, with 73 in the control group and 73 in the pharmacist-involved group: baseline characteristics showed no statistics significance, including age, body mass index, nutrition risk screening-2002 score, liver and kidney function, etc. Albumin levels, prealbumin levels were significantly improved after a 7-day TPN support (34.92 ± 4.24 vs 36.25 ± 3.65, = 0.044; 251.30 ± 95.72 vs 284.73 ± 83.15, = 0.026). The body weight was increased after a 7-day support and before discharge (58.77 ± 12.47 vs 63.82 ± 11.70, = 0.013; 57.61 ± 11.85 vs 64.92 ± 11.71, < 0.001). The length of hospital stay, costs and the rate of re-admissions were significantly shortened (51.10 ± 1.42 vs 46.41 ± 1.86, = 0.048; 360,162.67 ± 91,831.34 vs 324,070.16 ± 112,315.51, 0.035; 61.64% vs 43.84%, 0.046).
CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacist-joint TPN support enhances the service efficiency score of medical units, ensuring the fulfilment of orders and rational medication.
PubMed: 38933175
DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2361320 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024The global distribution and trends in the attributable burden of cataract risk have rarely been systematically explored. To guide the development of targeted and...
INTRODUCTION
The global distribution and trends in the attributable burden of cataract risk have rarely been systematically explored. To guide the development of targeted and accurate cataract screening and treatment strategies, we analyzed the burden of cataract disease attributable to known risk factors.
METHOD
This study utilized detailed cataract data from the Global Burden of Disease e 2019, and we analyzed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) e each risk factor from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, we calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) during the study period.
RESULTS
The results revealed that from 1990-2019, the global age-standardized DALYs of e attributable to particulate matter pollution, smoking, high fasting glucose plasma and high BMI showed steady downward trends (1990-2009: EAPC = -0.21 [-0.57 -0.14]); 2000-2009: EAPC = -0.95 [-1.01 -0.89]; 2010-2019: EAPC = -1.41 [-1.8 -1.02]). The age-standardized DALYs and mortality caused by each risk factor were highest in the low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region (EAPC = -1.77[(-2.19--1.34)]). The overall disease burden of cataracts is lower in males than in females. When analyzing the EAPCs of cataract disease burden for each risk factor individually, we found that the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years caused by particulate matter pollution and smoking decreased (PMP1990-2009: EAPC = -0.53 [-0.9--0.16]; 2000-2009: EAPC = -1.39 [-1.45--1.32]; 2010-2019: EAPC = -2.27 [-2.75--1.79]; smoking 2000 to 2009: EAPC = -1.51 [-1.6--1.43], 2009 to 2019: EAPC = -1.34 [-1.68--1])), while high fasting plasma glucose and high body mass index increased annually (HFPG1990 to 1999: EAPC = 1.27 [0.89-1.65], 2000 to 2009: EAPC = 1.02 [0.82-1.22], 2010-2019: EAPC = 0.44 [0.19-0.68]; HBMI 1990 to 1999: EAPC = 1.65 [1.37-1.94], 2000 to 2009: EAPC = 1.56 [1.43-1.68], 2010-2019: EAPC = 1.47 [1.18-1.77]).
DISSCUSSION
The burden of cataracts caused by ambient particulate matter and smoking is increasing in low, low-middle SDI areas, and specific and effective measures are urgently needed. The results of this study suggest that reducing particulate matter pollution, quitting smoking, controlling blood glucose, and lowering BMI could play important roles in reducing the occurrence of cataracts, especially in older people.
Topics: Humans; Cataract; Risk Factors; Male; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Aged, 80 and over; Global Health; Particulate Matter; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 38932770
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366677