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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite...
HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially ablating gastrointestinal alterations, the taxonomic profile after successful new ART has shown wide variations. Our objective was to determine the GM composition and functions in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) under ART in comparison to seronegative controls (SC). Fecal samples from 21 subjects (treated with integrase strand-transfer inhibitors, INSTIs) and 18 SC were included. We employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, coupled with PICRUSt2 and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification by gas chromatography. The INSTI group showed a decreased α-diversity ( < 0.001) compared to the SC group, at the expense of increased amounts of (), , , and Gram-negative bacteria. Concurrently, we observed an enrichment in and , both SCFA-producing bacteria, and significant elevations in fecal butyrate in this group ( < 0.001). Interestingly, gut dysbiosis in PLWHIV was characterized by a proinflammatory environment orchestrated by and elevated levels of butyrate associated with bacterial metabolic pathways, as well as the evident presence of butyrogenic bacteria. The role of this unique GM in PLWHIV should be evaluated, as well as the use of butyrate-based supplements and ART regimens that contain succinate, such as tenofovir disoproxil succinate. This mixed profile is described for the first time in PLWHIV from Mexico.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; HIV Infections; Mexico; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dysbiosis; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Bacteria; Butyrates
PubMed: 38732048
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094830 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive...
Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus improves production performance and egg quality of laying breeder hens by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant function, immunity and intestinal health.
Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive impact on animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus powder (AOP) on production performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid composition, reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, anti-apoptosis ability, and intestinal health in hens. A total of 252 Hainan Wenchang laying hens (30-wk-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, a basic diet with 0 (CON), 1 g/kg AOP (AOP1), and 3 g/kg (AOP3) mixed AOP. The AOP supplementation was found to decrease the feed conversion ratio and embryo mortality but to increase the laying rate, average egg weight, and oviduct index linearly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AOP treatment reduced the total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the egg yolk while increasing eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit (p < 0.05). The serum levels of albumin and phosphorus were increased, whereas total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels decreased as a result of AOP treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of 3 g/kg AOP had higher 17 β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum, while it up-regulated follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in ovary (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP strengthened the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 in ovary and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, but had a lower malondialdehyde content in serum (p < 0.05). AOP at 3 g/kg up-regulated superoxide dismutase 1 and heme oxygenase 1 expression in jejunum and ovary (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AOP supplementation down-regulated p53 expression in ovary and bcl-2-associated x expression in liver and jejunum, especially 3 g/kg of AOP had lower caspase-8 concentrations and down-regulated bcl-2-associated x and caspase-3 expression in ovary (p < 0.05). AOP treatment increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M and upregulated interleukin-4 expression in the liver, while decreasing interleukin-1β expression in liver and ovary and nod-like receptor protein 3 expression in jejunum (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth but decreased crypt depth in jejunum, especially when 1 g/kg AOP increased expression levels of occludin, mucin-2, peptide-transporter 1, and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 in jejunum (p < 0.05). AOP treatment altered the composition of the cecal microbial community, as evidenced by increased abundance of Oscillospira and Phascolarctobacterium and reduced richness of Clostridiaceae_Clostridium. Dietary AOP supplementation enriched lipid, amino acid, and propanoate metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera Oscillospira, Blautia, and Megasphaera were related to laying performance and intestinal integrity. In brief, supplementation of AOP, especially at 3 g/kg, could improve production performance and egg quality of hens via modulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota. Overall, the present work recommends the dietary inclusion of AOP as a beneficial additive for improving the performance of hens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Animal Feed; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Antioxidants; Random Allocation; Alpinia; Intestines; Fruit; Ovum; Egg Yolk; Reproduction; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
PubMed: 38652955
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103770 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis, a cause of CCS, is influenced by gut microbiota...
Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis, a cause of CCS, is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis and its metabolites. The objective of this study was to study the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and related clinical parameters among CCS patients undergoing coronary angiography and dyslipidemia patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in Thailand. CCS patients had more risk factors and higher inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) than others. The alpha diversity was lower in dyslipidemia and CCS patients than in the healthy group. A significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota was observed among the three groups. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and was significantly increased while , and were lower in CCS patients. In CCS patients, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and were positively correlated with hs-CRP. In dyslipidemia patients, was strongly positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) level and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The modification of gut microbiota was associated with changes in clinical parameters involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in CCS patients.
PubMed: 38646625
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384146 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a most common microbiological syndrome. The use of molecular methods, such as multiplex real-time PCR (mPCR) and next-generation sequencing,...
Vaginal microbiota molecular profiling and diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence-assisted multiplex PCR testing in women with bacterial vaginosis: a single-center experience.
BACKGROUND
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a most common microbiological syndrome. The use of molecular methods, such as multiplex real-time PCR (mPCR) and next-generation sequencing, has revolutionized our understanding of microbial communities. Here, we aimed to use a novel multiplex PCR test to evaluate the microbial composition and dominant lactobacilli in non-pregnant women with BV, and combined with machine learning algorithms to determine its diagnostic significance.
METHODS
Residual material of 288 samples of vaginal secretions derived from the vagina from healthy women and BV patients that were sent for routine diagnostics was collected and subjected to the mPCR test. Subsequently, Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) hybrid diagnostic models were constructed and validated in a cohort of 99 women that included 74 BV patients and 25 healthy controls, and a separate cohort of 189 women comprising 75 BV patients, 30 intermediate vaginal microbiota subjects and 84 healthy controls, respectively.
RESULTS
The rate or abundance of and were significantly reduced in BV-affected patients when compared with healthy women, while , , , BVAB2, 2, , and were significantly increased. Then the hybrid diagnostic models were constructed and validated by an independent cohort. The model constructed with support vector machine algorithm achieved excellent prediction performance (Area under curve: 0.969, sensitivity: 90.4%, specificity: 96.1%). Moreover, for subjects with a Nugent score of 4 to 6, the SVM-BV model might be more robust and sensitive than the Nugent scoring method.
CONCLUSION
The application of this mPCR test can be effectively used in key vaginal microbiota evaluation in women with BV, intermediate vaginal microbiota, and healthy women. In addition, this test may be used as an alternative to the clinical examination and Nugent scoring method in diagnosing BV.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vagina; Adult; Microbiota; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Young Adult; Artificial Intelligence; Lactobacillus; Support Vector Machine; Sensitivity and Specificity; ROC Curve; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38644962
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1377225 -
Genome Medicine Apr 2024Gut dysbiosis has been linked with both HIV infection and diabetes, but its interplay with metabolic and inflammatory responses in diabetes, particularly in the context...
BACKGROUND
Gut dysbiosis has been linked with both HIV infection and diabetes, but its interplay with metabolic and inflammatory responses in diabetes, particularly in the context of HIV infection, remains unclear.
METHODS
We first conducted a cross-sectional association analysis to characterize the gut microbial, circulating metabolite, and immune/inflammatory protein features associated with diabetes in up to 493 women (~ 146 with prevalent diabetes with 69.9% HIV +) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Prospective analyses were then conducted to determine associations of identified metabolites with incident diabetes over 12 years of follow-up in 694 participants (391 women from WIHS and 303 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; 166 incident cases were recorded) with and without HIV infection. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether gut bacteria-diabetes associations are explained by altered metabolites and proteins.
RESULTS
Seven gut bacterial genera were identified to be associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with positive associations for Shigella, Escherichia, Megasphaera, and Lactobacillus, and inverse associations for Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, and Intestinibacter. Importantly, the associations of most species, especially Adlercreutzia and Ruminococcus, were largely independent of antidiabetic medications use. Meanwhile, 18 proteins and 76 metabolites, including 3 microbially derived metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), imidazolepropionic acid (IMP)), 50 lipids (e.g., diradylglycerols (DGs) and triradylglycerols (TGs)) and 23 non-lipid metabolites, were associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with the majority showing positive associations and more than half of them (59/76) associated with incident diabetes. In mediation analyses, several proteins, especially interleukin-18 receptor 1 and osteoprotegerin, IMP and PAGln partially mediate the observed bacterial genera-diabetes associations, particularly for those of Adlercreutzia and Escherichia. Many diabetes-associated metabolites and proteins were altered in HIV, but no effect modification on their associations with diabetes was observed by HIV.
CONCLUSION
Among individuals with and without HIV, multiple gut bacterial genera, blood metabolites, and proinflammatory proteins were associated with diabetes. The observed mediated effects by metabolites and proteins in genera-diabetes associations highlighted the potential involvement of inflammatory and metabolic perturbations in the link between gut dysbiosis and diabetes in the context of HIV infection.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; HIV Infections; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Dysbiosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Bacteria
PubMed: 38643166
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01336-1 -
Animal Microbiome Apr 2024Post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) causes piglet morbidity and mortality at weaning and is a major driver for antimicrobial use worldwide. New regulations in the EU limit the...
BACKGROUND
Post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) causes piglet morbidity and mortality at weaning and is a major driver for antimicrobial use worldwide. New regulations in the EU limit the use of in-feed antibiotics (Ab) and therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) to prevent PWD. New approaches to control PWD are needed, and understanding the role of the microbiota in this context is key. In this study, shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to describe the taxonomic and functional evolution of the faecal microbiota of the piglet during the first two weeks post weaning within three experimental groups, Ab, ZnO and no medication, on commercial farms using antimicrobials regularly in the post weaning period.
RESULTS
Diversity was affected by day post weaning (dpw), treatment used and diarrhoea but not by the farm. Microbiota composition evolved towards the dominance of groups of species such as Prevotella spp. at day 14dpw. ZnO inhibited E. coli overgrowth, promoted higher abundance of the family Bacteroidaceae and decreased Megasphaera spp. Animals treated with Ab exhibited inconsistent taxonomic changes across time points, with an overall increase of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Megasphaera elsdenii. Samples from non-medicated pigs showed virulence-related functions at 7dpw, and specific ETEC-related virulence factors were detected in all samples presenting diarrhoea. Differential microbiota functions of pigs treated with ZnO were related to sulphur and DNA metabolism, as well as mechanisms of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance, whereas Ab treated animals exhibited functions related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence.
CONCLUSION
Ab and particularly ZnO maintained a stable microbiota composition and functionality during the two weeks post weaning, by limiting E. coli overgrowth, and ultimately preventing microbiota dysbiosis. Future approaches to support piglet health should be able to reproduce this stable gut microbiota transition during the post weaning period, in order to maintain optimal gut physiological and productive conditions.
PubMed: 38627869
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00306-7 -
AMB Express Apr 2024This research aimed to investigate effects of different yeast culture (YC) levels on in vitro fermentation characteristics and bacterial and fungal community under high...
This research aimed to investigate effects of different yeast culture (YC) levels on in vitro fermentation characteristics and bacterial and fungal community under high concentrate diet. A total of 5 groups were included in the experiment: control group without YC (CON), YC1 (0.5% YC proportion of substrate dry matter), YC2 (1%), YC3 (1.5%) and YC4 (2%). After 48 h of fermentation, the incubation fluids and residues were collected to analyze the ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial and fungal community. Results showed that the ruminal fluid pH of YC2 and YC4 groups was higher (P < 0.05) than that of CON group. Compared with CON group, the microbial protein, propionate and butyrate concentrations and cumulative gas production at 48 h of YC2 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas an opposite trend of ammonia nitrogen and lactate was observed between two groups. Microbial analysis showed that the Chao1 and Shannon indexes of YC2 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of CON group. Additionally, YC supplementation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001, Streptococcus bovis and Neosetophoma relative abundances. An opposite tendency of Aspergillus abundance was found between CON and YC treatments. Compared with CON group, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio and Megasphaera elsdenii were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in YC2 group, while Apiotrichum and unclassified Clostridiales relative abundances were decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, high concentrate substrate supplemented with appropriate YC (1%) can improve ruminal fermentation and regulate bacterial and fungal composition.
PubMed: 38622373
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01692-6 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Apr 2024Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe disease that primarily affects the middle-aged population, imposing a significant economic and social burden. Recent...
OBJECTIVE
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe disease that primarily affects the middle-aged population, imposing a significant economic and social burden. Recent research has linked the progression of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) to the composition of the gut microbiota. Steroids and alcohol are considered major contributing factors. However, the relationship between NONFH caused by two etiologies and the microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we examined the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotypes of two groups of patients, and analyzed potential differences in the pathogenic mechanisms from both the microbial and metabolic perspectives.
METHODS
Utilizing fecal samples from 68 NONFH patients (32 steroid-induced, 36 alcohol-induced), high-throughput 16 S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics analyses were conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to the omics data, employing linear discriminant analysis effect size to identify potential biomarkers. Additionally, functional annotation of differential metabolites and associated pathways was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Subsequently, Spearman correlation analysis was employed to assess the potential correlations between differential gut microbiota and metabolites.
RESULTS
High-throughput 16 S rDNA sequencing revealed significant gut microbial differences. At the genus level, the alcohol group had higher Lactobacillus and Roseburia, while the steroid group had more Megasphaera and Akkermansia. LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis indicates significant differences in fecal metabolites between steroid- and alcohol-induced ONFH patients. Alcohol-induced ONFH (AONFH) showed elevated levels of L-Lysine and Oxoglutaric acid, while steroid-induced ONFH(SONFH) had increased Gluconic acid and Phosphoric acid. KEGG annotation revealed 10 pathways with metabolite differences between AONFH and SONFH patients. Correlation analysis revealed the association between differential gut flora and differential metabolites.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that hormones and alcohol can induce changes in the gut microbiota, leading to alterations in fecal metabolites. These changes, driven by different pathways, contribute to the progression of the disease. The study opens new research directions for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of hormone- or alcohol-induced NONFH, suggesting that differentiated preventive and therapeutic approaches may be needed for NONFH caused by different triggers.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Femur Head; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Ethanol; Steroids; DNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 38609952
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04713-z -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety May 2024Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds...
Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds decreases animal feed intake. This study aimed to valorize GM as a potential new feed resource through the chemical and microbial biotransformation of toxic compounds that will henceforth, make the plant palatable for cows. After GM's ensiling using fermentative bacteria, the plant was sampled for UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse the metabolomic changes. Illumina Miseq of the 16 S rRNA fragment genes and ITS1 were used to describe the microbial composition and structure colonizing GM silage and contributing to the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Microbial functions were predicted from metataxonomic data and KEGG pathways analysis. Eight Holstein dairy cows assigned in a cross-over design were supplemented with GM and GM silage to evaluate palatability and effects on milk yield and milk protein. Cows were fed their typical diet prior to the experiment (positive control). After ensiling, 23 flavonoids, 47 amino acids and derivatives increased, while the other 14 flavonoids, 9 amino acids and derivatives decreased, indicating active metabolism during the GM ensiling process. Lactobacillus buchneri, Bacteroides ovatus, and Megasphaera elsdenii were specific to ensiled GM and correlated to functional plant metabolites, while Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were specific to non-ensiled GM and correlated to the toxic metabolite 5-hydroxymethylfurfural."Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism", "cancer overview" and "neurodegenerative disease" were the highly expressed microbial KEGG pathways in non-ensiled GM. Non-ensiled GM is unpalatable for cows and drastically reduces the animal's feed intake, whereas ensiled GM does not reduce feed intake, milk yield and milk protein. This study provides essential information for sustainable animal production by valorizing GM as a new feed additive.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Silage; Animal Feed; Milk; Lactation; Diet
PubMed: 38581911
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116292 -
Animal Bioscience Apr 2024Compared to Mimas pigeons, Shiqi pigeons exhibit greater tolerance to coarse feeding because of their abundant gut microbiota. Here, to investigate the potential of...
OBJECTIVE
Compared to Mimas pigeons, Shiqi pigeons exhibit greater tolerance to coarse feeding because of their abundant gut microbiota. Here, to investigate the potential of utilizing intestinal flora derived from Shiqi pigeons, the intestinal flora and body indices of Mimas squabs were evaluated after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from donors.
METHODS
A total of 90 one-day-old squabs were randomly divided into the control group (CON), the low-concentration group (LC) and the high-concentration group (HC): gavaged with 200 μL of bacterial solution at concentrations of 0, 0.1 and 0.2 g/15 mL, respectively.
RESULTS
The results suggested that FMT improved the body weight of Mimas squabs in the HC and LC groups (p < 0.01), and 0.1 g/15 mL was the optimal dose during FMT. After 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, compared to those in the CON group, the abundance levels of microflora, especially Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae and Megasphaera (p < 0.05), in the FMT-treated groups were markedly greater. Random forest analysis indicated that the main functions of key microbes involve pathways associated with metabolism, further illustrating their important role in the host body.
CONCLUSION
FMT has been determined to be a viable method for augmenting the weight and intestinal microbiota of squabs, representing a unique avenue for enhancing the economic feasibility of squab breeding.
PubMed: 38575121
DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0475