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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Tobacco has been among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In reducing tobacco consumption, media campaigns are crucial in raising awareness...
BACKGROUND
Tobacco has been among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In reducing tobacco consumption, media campaigns are crucial in raising awareness and encouraging individuals to quit. The present study aimed to profile participants of GATS-2, including tobacco usage patterns and media exposure, and explore the factors associated with quitting in the presence of media exposure.
METHODS
Secondary data analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (2016-17) data was done among current daily cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users. The primary independent variable was an intention to quit, while media exposure was the primary independent variable. Respondents were profiled as per various socio-demographic variables, and exposure to media advertisements and intention to quit were assessed using weighted bivariate analysis and multivariate log regression analysis.
RESULTS
Males, and respondents aged 15 to 45, had more exposure to media and advertisements than female respondents. Cigarette smokers with moderate consumption, better awareness, those who had made any quit attempts in the last 12 months, and moderate to high media exposure depicted better intention to quit. In SLT users, intention to quit depicted significant odds per education level quit attempts and exposure to media and advertisements.
CONCLUSION
We report a high intention to quit among those exposed to advertisements. Media campaigns play an important role in promoting tobacco control. There is a need to assess the impact of such advertisements on behavioral aspects. At the same time, comprehensive tobacco control policies should go hand in hand in reducing smoking rates.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; India; Adolescent; Intention; Young Adult; Advertising; Middle Aged; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mass Media; Follow-Up Studies; Prognosis; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation
PubMed: 38918658
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1969 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024This research aims to analyze the influence of cigarette content marketing on student behavior, and on cigarette purchasing decisions, as well as the influence of...
OBJECTIVE
This research aims to analyze the influence of cigarette content marketing on student behavior, and on cigarette purchasing decisions, as well as the influence of behavior on cigarette purchasing decisions.
METHODS
This research is quantitative, using a sample of 500 smoking students from twelve universities in the city of Medan, Indonesia, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires that had been tested for convergent validity with an Outer Loading value > 0.7 and an AVE value > 0.5, and for discriminant validity with an HTMT value < 0.9. The data was analyzed using a multivariate analysis technique which combines factor analysis and regression analysis.
RESULTS
The research results show that the t-statistical value for the behavioral variable (BHV) is 4.128 (> 1.98) and the p-value is 0.000 (< 0.05), which means that the BHV variable has a significant effect on the cigarette purchasing decision variable (PD). The t-statistical value for the content marketing (CM) variable is 27.57 (> 1.98) and the p-value is 0.000 (< 0.05), which means that the CM variable has a significant effect on the BHV variable. The t-statistical value for the CM variable is 18,542 (> 1.98) and the p-value is 0.000 (< 0.05), which means that the CM variable has a significant effect on the PD variable. 93.2% of respondents admitted that they had seen cigarette marketing content on social media, many of them (43%) believed that smoking was detrimental to their health, but the most influential factor was their perception regarding the activity of smoking.
CONCLUSION
Cigarette marketing content has been proven to influence students' behavior towards cigarettes, as well as directly influencing their decision to purchase cigarettes. Students' behavior towards cigarettes also influences their decisions in purchasing cigarettes.
Topics: Humans; Students; Male; Female; Marketing; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Indonesia; Decision Making; Universities; Adult; Adolescent; Latent Class Analysis
PubMed: 38918648
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1883 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Jun 2024Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agent and anticoagulants are widely used in Korea due to increasing incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and aging... (Review)
Review
Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agent and anticoagulants are widely used in Korea due to increasing incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. Clinical practice guideline regarding this issue which was developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy was published in 2020. However, since then, new evidence has emerged for the use of dual antiplatelet therapy and direct anticoagulant management, and revised guidelines were issued in the US and Europe. Accordingly, the previous guidelines were revised, cardiologists also participated in the development group, and the recommendations went through a consensus process among international experts. This guideline presents 14 recommendations made according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, and was reviewed by multidisciplinary experts. This guideline provides useful information that can assist endoscopists in the management of patients on antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic and elective therapeutic endoscopy. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Anticoagulants; Consensus; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
PubMed: 38918035
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2024.040 -
Journal of Athletic Training Jun 2024An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document detailing the preparations and on-site emergency response of health care professionals and other stakeholders to...
OBJECTIVE
An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document detailing the preparations and on-site emergency response of health care professionals and other stakeholders to medical emergencies in the prehospital setting. The EAP is developed to address any type of catastrophic injury response and should not be condition specific. The objective of this National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement is to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for developing and implementing an EAP for sports settings.
METHODS
These recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel that performed (1) a comprehensive review of existing EAP evidence, (2) a modified Delphi process to define consensus recommendations, and (3) a strength of recommendation taxonomy determination for each recommendation.
RESULTS
An EAP is an essential tool designed to facilitate emergency preparedness and an efficient, coordinated emergency response during an athletic event. A comprehensive EAP should consider modes to optimize patient outcomes, the various stakeholders needed to develop the plan, the factors influencing effective implementation of the EAP, and the roles and responsibilities to ensure a structured response to a catastrophic injury.
CONCLUSIONS
These evidence-informed recommendations outline the necessary steps for emergency planning and provide considerations for the immediate management of patients with catastrophic injuries. Increasing knowledge and implementation of the EAP to manage patients with catastrophic injuries improves the overall response and decreases errors during an emergency.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Emergency Medical Services; Sports Medicine; Consensus; Delphi Technique; Sports
PubMed: 38918009
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0521.23 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jun 2024Cancer has emerged as a considerable global health concern, contributing substantially to both morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the urgent need to enhance the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cancer has emerged as a considerable global health concern, contributing substantially to both morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the urgent need to enhance the overall well-being and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients, a growing number of researchers have started using online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in oncology. However, the effectiveness and optimal implementation methods of these interventions remain unknown.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the effectiveness of online MBIs, encompassing both app- and website-based MBIs, for patients with cancer and provides insights into the potential implementation and sustainability of these interventions in real-world settings.
METHODS
Searches were conducted across 8 electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and PsycINFO, until December 30, 2022. Randomized controlled trials involving cancer patients aged ≥18 years and using app- and website-based MBIs compared to standard care were included. Nonrandomized studies, interventions targeting health professionals or caregivers, and studies lacking sufficient data were excluded. Two independent authors screened articles, extracted data using standardized forms, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4; The Cochrane Collaboration) and the meta package in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used to determine the effects of interventions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework was used to assess the potential implementation and sustainability of these interventions in real-world settings.
RESULTS
Among 4349 articles screened, 15 (0.34%) were included. The total population comprised 1613 participants, of which 870 (53.9%) were in the experimental conditions and 743 (46.1%) were in the control conditions. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the QOL (SMD 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.57; P<.001), sleep (SMD -0.36, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.01; P=.04), anxiety (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.20; P<.001), depression (SMD -0.36, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.11; P=.005), distress (SMD -0.50, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.26; P<.001), and perceived stress (SMD -0.89, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.45; P=.003) of the app- and website-based MBIs group in patients with cancer was significantly alleviated after the intervention. However, no significant differences were found in the fear of cancer recurrence (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -1.04 to 0.44; P=.39) and posttraumatic growth (SMD 0.08, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.42; P=.66). Most interventions were multicomponent, website-based health self-management programs, widely used by international and multilingual patients with cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
App- and website-based MBIs show promise for improving mental health and QOL outcomes in patients with cancer, and further research is needed to optimize and customize these interventions for individual physical and mental symptoms.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022382219; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=382219.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Internet; Internet-Based Intervention; Female; Male; Adult
PubMed: 38917445
DOI: 10.2196/47704 -
PloS One 2024Existing methods for studying individual differences in adults' mindreading often lack good psychometric characteristics. Moreover, it remains unclear, even in theory,...
Existing methods for studying individual differences in adults' mindreading often lack good psychometric characteristics. Moreover, it remains unclear, even in theory, how mindreading varies in adults who already possess an understanding of mental states. In this pre-registered study, it was hypothesised that adults vary in their motivation for mindreading and in the degree to which their answers on mindreading tasks are appropriate (context-sensitive). These factors are confounded in existing measures as they do not differentiate between the frequency of mental state terms (MST), indicative of motivation, and the quality of an explanation. Using an innovative scoring system, the current study examined whether individual differences in adult undergraduate psychology students' (N = 128) answer quality and / or quantity of explicit references to others' mental states on two open-ended response mindreading tasks were separable constructs, accounted for by mindreading motivation, and related differentially to measures previously linked with mindreading (e.g., religiosity, loneliness, social network size). A two-factor and one-factor model both provided acceptable fit. Neither model showed significant associations with mindreading motivation. However, a two-factor model (with MST and response appropriateness loading onto separate factors) provided greater explanatory power. Specifically, MST was positively associated with religiosity and response appropriateness was negatively associated with religiosity, whilst the one-factor solution did not predict any socially relevant outcomes. This provides some indication that mindreading quantity and mindreading quality may be distinguishable constructs in the structure of individual differences in mindreading.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Motivation; Individuality; Young Adult; Theory of Mind; Adolescent; Psychometrics
PubMed: 38917230
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305270 -
PLoS Biology Jun 2024Low and high beta frequency rhythms were observed in the motor cortex, but their respective sources and behavioral correlates remain unknown. We studied local field...
Low and high beta frequency rhythms were observed in the motor cortex, but their respective sources and behavioral correlates remain unknown. We studied local field potentials (LFPs) during pre-cued reaching behavior in macaques. They contained a low beta band (<20 Hz) dominant in primary motor cortex and a high beta band (>20 Hz) dominant in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Low beta correlated positively with reaction time (RT) from visual cue onset and negatively with uninstructed hand postural micro-movements throughout the trial. High beta reflected temporal task prediction, with selective modulations before and during cues, which were enhanced in moments of increased focal attention when the gaze was on the work area. This double-dissociation in sources and behavioral correlates of motor cortical low and high beta, with respect to both task-instructed and spontaneous behavior, reconciles the largely disparate roles proposed for the beta rhythm, by suggesting band-specific roles in both movement control and spatiotemporal attention.
Topics: Animals; Motor Cortex; Attention; Beta Rhythm; Movement; Reaction Time; Macaca mulatta; Male; Cues; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 38917200
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002670 -
PloS One 2024This study aims to enhance the post-training evaluation of the annual performance agreement (APA) training organized by the Bangladesh Public Administration Training...
This study aims to enhance the post-training evaluation of the annual performance agreement (APA) training organized by the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC), the apex training institute for civil servants. Utilizing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques within Kirkpatrick's four-stage model framework, data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire survey of 71 in-service civil servants who participated in the APA training program. This study employs an asymmetric, non-linear model analyzed through a configurational approach and ANN to explore interrelationships among the four Kirkpatrick levels namely, reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Findings indicate that trainees were satisfied across all levels, identifying a non-linear relationship among these levels in post-training evaluation process. The research highlights that "learning skills" are most significant in the APA post-training evaluation, followed by behavior, results, and reaction. Theoretically, this research advances Kirkpatrick's model and adds to the literature on public service post-training evaluation. Practically, it recommends prioritizing strategies that address cognitive barriers to enhance training effectiveness. This study's innovative approach lies in its concurrent use of fsQCA and ANN methods to analyze the success or failure of APA-related trainees, offering alternative pathways to desired outcomes and contrasting traditional quantitative methods that provide a single solution. The findings have practical implications for public service training institutions and bureaucratic policymakers involved in capacity development, guiding the creation of more effective in-service training courses for public officials. The methodology and analysis can be applied in other contexts, allowing bureaucratic policymakers to replicate these findings in their learning institutes to identify unique configurations that lead to successful or unsuccessful training outcomes, adopt effective strategies, and avoid detrimental ones.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Bangladesh; Surveys and Questionnaires; Male; Female; Adult; Learning
PubMed: 38917194
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305916 -
PloS One 2024In multiple studies, we found that people who are viewed as possessing a stronger desire for status are, ironically, afforded lower status by others. Coworkers who were...
In multiple studies, we found that people who are viewed as possessing a stronger desire for status are, ironically, afforded lower status by others. Coworkers who were viewed as having a higher (versus lower) desire for status (Study 1a and 1b), and individuals who were described as having a higher desire for status (versus a lower desire for status or no information), were afforded lower status (Studies 2, 3a, and 3b). Mediation analyses and an experimental manipulation of the mediator (Study 3a and 3b) suggested that the observed negative effect of desire for status on status was mediated primarily by perceptions of low prosociality. These findings have important implications for status organizing processes in groups.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Young Adult; Motivation; Social Perception
PubMed: 38917160
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304727 -
PloS One 2024The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether viewing an immersive 3D movie with large disparities in a cinema resulted in improved visual acuity (VA),...
PURPOSE
The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether viewing an immersive 3D movie with large disparities in a cinema resulted in improved visual acuity (VA), stereoscopic depth perception (ST), and improved eye alignment in residual amblyopic children and children without amblyopia.
METHODS
A total of 24 children aged between 5 and 12 years with a history of anisometropic and/or strabismic amblyopia, that had been previously treated and who currently have residual amblyopia (N = 14), and in children with typical development without amblyopia (N = 10) viewed the movie in 3D Sing 2 in a cinema for 110 minutes. Visual acuity, stereoacuity and ocular deviation were assessed before viewing the movie, and three months later. Stereoacuity and ocular deviation were also measured immediately after viewing the movie.
RESULTS
We observed an improvement in visual acuity in the non-dominant (amblyopic) eye 3 months after viewing the movie in the amblyopic group (P<0.001). Stereopsis improved immediately after viewing the movie (P = 0.02), and after 3 months by ≈ 40% (P = 0.01). Moreover, improvements in stereopsis were also observed in children without amblyopia (P = 0.04). No significant changes in ocular deviation were observed in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
These pilot results suggest that brief exposure to large disparities by viewing a 3D movie in a cinema can help to improve stereopsis and visual acuity in children aged 5‒12 years with previously treated amblyopia, and provide a rationale for a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Humans; Amblyopia; Child; Pilot Projects; Visual Acuity; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Depth Perception; Motion Pictures
PubMed: 38917142
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305401