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Translational Animal Science 2024A total of 280 pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 10.4 ± 0.24 kg) were used in a 21-d study to determine the available P () release curve for Sunphase HT phytase...
A total of 280 pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 10.4 ± 0.24 kg) were used in a 21-d study to determine the available P () release curve for Sunphase HT phytase (Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China) when fed diets with a high phytate concentration. On day 21 post-weaning, considered day 0 of the study, pigs were blocked by average pen body weight () and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were derived from a single basal diet, and ingredients including phytase, monocalcium P, limestone, and sand were added to create the treatment diets. Treatments included three diets with increasing (0.11%, 0.19%, and 0.27%) aP from monocalcium P, or four diets with increasing phytase (250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase unit ()/kg) added to the diet formulated to 0.11% aP. All diets were corn-soybean meal-canola meal-based and were formulated to contain 1.24% SID Lys, a 1.10:1 total calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, and a calculated 0.32% phytate P. Prior to the beginning of the study, all pigs were fed a diet containing 0.11% aP from days 18 to 21 post-weaning. At the conclusion of the study, 1 pig, closest to the mean weight of each pen, was euthanized, and the right fibula, 10th rib, and metacarpal were collected to determine bone ash and density. After cleaning, bones were submerged in ultra-purified water under a vacuum for 4 h and then weighed to calculate the density (Archimedes principle). For bone ash, bones were processed using the non-defatted method. From days 0 to 21, increasing aP from monocalcium P increased (linear, ≤ 0.014) average daily gain (), gain-to-feed (), and final BW. Pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (linear, ≤ 0.045) ADG, final BW, and plasma inositol concentration as well as improved (quadratic, = 0.023) G:F. For bone characteristics, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had a linear improvement ( ≤ 0.019) in fibula bone ash weight and percentage bone ash, rib bone ash weight and bone density, and all metacarpal bone properties, with a quadratic response (≤ 0.030) for fibula bone density and rib percentage ash. Additionally, pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (< 0.05) bone ash weight, percentage bone ash, and bone density in either a linear or quadratic fashion depending on the bone analyzed. The available P release curve generated for Sunphase HT phytase for percentage bone ash combining values from the right fibula, 10th rib, and metacarpal is aP release, % = (0.360 × FTU) ÷ (2,330.250 + FTU).
PubMed: 38221959
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad140 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Jan 2024BACKGROUND Fracture of the fifth metacarpal of the hand is due to trauma to the clenched fist. The non-displaced fracture can be treated by splinting and immobilization,...
BACKGROUND Fracture of the fifth metacarpal of the hand is due to trauma to the clenched fist. The non-displaced fracture can be treated by splinting and immobilization, but fracture dislocation requires individualized management to ensure the return of function. The Jahss maneuver for reduction of volar displaced metacarpal neck fractures involves flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint at 90°, with the proximal phalanx used to reduce the metacarpal head. This report is of a 25-year-old male Italian pianist with a displaced fifth metacarpal neck fracture successfully treated by reduction using the Jahss maneuver and K-wire attachment of subchondral bone to the metacarpal. CASE REPORT A pianist presented with a trauma to his right hand due to punching a wall. Radiograph images demonstrated an angulated, displaced right fifth neck fracture. A specific approach was decided, considering the complexity of the musical movements and the patient's performance needs. After fracture's reduction by the Jahss maneuver, 2 retrograde cross-pinning K-wires were inserted at the subchondral bone of the metacarpal head. Healing under splinting was uneventful, and the K-wires were removed after 45 days. At 4 months after surgery, the patient had complete recovery of both range of motion and strength. CONCLUSIONS Our technique avoided piercing the metacarpophalangeal joint capsule, preventing extensor tendon damage, dislocation, instability, and pain and retraction of the extensor cuff. This novel mini-invasive technique successfully achieved early metacarpophalangeal joint motion, joint stability, and complete recovery of movements in all planes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Metacarpal Bones; Fractures, Bone; Hand Injuries; Hand; Fracture Dislocation
PubMed: 38183218
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941518 -
Cureus Jan 2024Repetitive instances of sudden injuries to the first metacarpal bone can affect thumb movement. These injuries typically occur after vertical impact to the thumb. The... (Review)
Review
Repetitive instances of sudden injuries to the first metacarpal bone can affect thumb movement. These injuries typically occur after vertical impact to the thumb. The treatment for these injuries should focus on restoring the structure and biomechanics of the trapeziometacarpal joint, with surgery being recommended for optimal results. Bennett's fracture involves the bifurcation of the bone into two distinct fragments, characterized by a smaller fragment and a larger counterpart. Rolando fracture is associated with a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, typically divided into three parts. An extra-articular fracture involves the metacarpal bone of the thumb. Conservative treatment outcomes have been found to be unsatisfactory when the fracture is displaced. Therefore, surgery methods such as minimally invasive surgery, open reduction, and arthroscopic surgery have been proven to be effective. Surgical techniques for bone procedures include pin fixation, direct screw fixation, indirect screw fixation, and mini-plate fixation. Additionally, the prognosis of this condition depends on the ability to restore joint mobility during rehabilitation.
PubMed: 38173948
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51600 -
European Journal of Trauma and... Apr 2024Compare two simple ways for treating boxer's fractures in active adults; conservative management by ulnar gutter slab and transverse pinning in fixation of fifth... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
PURPOSE
Compare two simple ways for treating boxer's fractures in active adults; conservative management by ulnar gutter slab and transverse pinning in fixation of fifth metacarpal's neck fracture regarding union, functional outcomes, and complications.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ninety patients with fifth metacarpals' neck fractures with palmar angulation (30-70°) were managed either conservatively by an ulnar gutter slab or surgically by transverse pinning technique from January 2020 to December 2021. Only 84 patients completed a 1-year follow-up. Patients with old, open, or mal-rotated fractures were excluded. The block-randomization method was used to create equal groups. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically every 2-3 weeks until union, then at 6 and 12 months. Functional assessment at the final visit was done using the quick DASH score, total active motion (TAM), and total Active Flexion (TAF).
RESULTS
The mean radiological union time for the conservative group in this study was 7.76 weeks, while for the transverse pinning group, it was 7.38 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques regarding union rates and functional outcomes. All patients returned to their pre-injury jobs and level of activity.
CONCLUSION
Both conservative management in ulnar gutter slab and percutaneous transverse pinning are considered effective methods in the treatment of simple extra-articular fifth metacarpal neck fractures with angulation between 30 and 70 degrees (AO: 77 A3.1). The functional and radiological results using both methods were satisfactory and statistically comparable.
Topics: Humans; Metacarpal Bones; Male; Female; Adult; Conservative Treatment; Fractures, Bone; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Range of Motion, Articular; Bone Nails; Middle Aged; Fracture Healing; Young Adult
PubMed: 38151577
DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02417-3 -
Heliyon Dec 2023The Huajiying Formation (135.4-128.7 Ma) of the northern Hebei represents the early stage of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in China, yielding many kinds of...
The Huajiying Formation (135.4-128.7 Ma) of the northern Hebei represents the early stage of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in China, yielding many kinds of vertebrates. The only known pterosaur specimen was incomplete and assigned to the Ornithocheiroidea. Here we report a more complete pterosaur specimen, assigned to the Ctenochasmatidae. A new taxon is established on two autapomorphies: a large pneumatic foramen present on the ventral surface of the proximal end of the first wing phalanx; and coracoid lacking an expansion at its contact with the scapula, as well as the following combination of characteristics: subsquare sternal plate; coracoid having an extremely concave articulation with a posterior expansion; humerus without a tubercle on the proximal margin between the deltopectoral crest and the head; humerus slightly longer than the wing metacarpal; and the first and third wing phalanges equal in length. The relative thicknesses of bone walls are investigated among pterosaurs in three ways. The overall distribution of R/t ratios shows that most non-pterodactyloids, archaeopterodactyloids, and dsungaripterids have smaller R/t ratios than other groups. Relatively thick bone walls are not unique for the Dsungaripteridae as previously thought, and the humerus and radius of dsungaripterids have thinner walls than other bones. The feature of small R/t ratios is plesiomorphic and the thin-walled humerus and radius of dsungaripterids were evolved to meet the need of the flight, not for frequent take-off and landing as previously thought.
PubMed: 38076164
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22370 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Mar 2024Despite modern advancements in the treatment of late stages of wrist joint degeneration, few reliable options exist for patients requiring motion-preserving...
PURPOSE
Despite modern advancements in the treatment of late stages of wrist joint degeneration, few reliable options exist for patients requiring motion-preserving reconstruction of their radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) could be considered an option for wrist reconstruction in the future. The goal of this study was to describe the relevant anatomy and design a potential surgical technique for wrist VCA.
METHODS
Anatomic studies were performed on 17 human upper extremities. The arterial system of each cadaver was injected with latex dye or radiographic contrast. After injecting a contrast medium visible on a computerized tomography (CT) scan, the initial three specimens were examined using microCT. This confirmed joint vascular patency and allowed for the dissection of the other specimens that were injected with latex for the study of joint vascularization and the design of the wrist VCA. We then outlined a donor and recipient surgical technique for transplant based on recipient CT scans. Customized cutting guides were designed for the transplant procedure. After the procedure, we performed angiography of the VCA to determine the vascularity of the transplant.
RESULTS
Using a combined volar and dorsal approach, we were able to perform a complete wrist VCA procedure. After the completed transplant procedure, angiographic imaging of the specimens demonstrated that the flap dissection and transplantation preserved the nutrient endosteal supply to the distal end of the radius and ulna, as well as to the carpal bones and the metacarpal bases.
CONCLUSIONS
The dissection of the donor, recipient, and the entire vascularized joint transplant procedure served to illustrate the anatomical feasibility of the cadaveric surgical technique. This establishes an anatomic basis for the possibility of future human clinical applications.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study helps investigate the anatomical feasibility of a wrist VCA.
Topics: Humans; Feasibility Studies; Latex; Wrist Joint; Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation; Contrast Media; Cadaver
PubMed: 38069954
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.11.008 -
The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery 2023Headless screw fixation used to treat metacarpal neck and metacarpal shaft fractures is gaining popularity. The aim of the study is to determine the proportion of the...
OBJECTIVES
Headless screw fixation used to treat metacarpal neck and metacarpal shaft fractures is gaining popularity. The aim of the study is to determine the proportion of the metacarpal head articular surface that is compromised during retrograde insertion of headless screws.
METHODS
Metacarpal screw fixation through a metacarpal head starting point was performed using fluoroscopic guidance on 14 metacarpals. Headless compression screws, with a tail diameter of 3.6mm, were used. The specimens were subsequently skeletonized and digitized using a 3-dimensional surface scanner. The articular surface defects created by the screws were then determined using computer software. Screw position in the dorsal aspect of the metacarpal head was expressed as a percentage of the total volar-to-dorsal distance.
RESULTS
The 14 metacarpals studied consisted of 2 index, 4 long, 4 ring and 4 small metacarpals, taken from 4 hands. The average total metacarpal head surface area was 284.6 mm (range, 151.0-462.2 mm); the average screw footprint in the metacarpal head was 13.3 mm (range, 10.3-17.4 mm), which compromised a mean of 5.0% (3.0-7.8%) of the total cartilaginous metacarpal head surface area. In the sagittal plane, screw placement was found to lie in the dorsal 37.4% of the metacarpal head (range, 20.7-58.6%).
CONCLUSION
The proportion of the articular surface area injured with retrograde insertion of headless compression screws into the metacarpal head is 5.0%. Screw placement is generally in the dorsal 37% of the metacarpal head.
PubMed: 38058972
DOI: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.69368.3265 -
Reumatologia Clinica Dec 2023Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric polyarthritis that can lead to joint deformity, disability, and osteoporosis. We...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric polyarthritis that can lead to joint deformity, disability, and osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate whole hand and regional BMD in RA patients compared to controls. In addition, we evaluated the BMD of dominant versus non-dominant hands in healthy subjects. We included adult female and male RA patients and control subjects matched by age, sex, and BMI. BMD (g/cm) was measured by DXA in lumbar spine (LS), whole hand, and three regions of interest: carpus, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. Results: 44 control subjects (49.5±11.8 y) and 60 with RA (52.7±12.7 y) were included. Significant lower BMD in RA patients was found in LS (-8.7%), dominant whole hand (-9.5%), carpus, metacarpal bones, and phalanges, and non-dominant whole hand (-8.7%), metacarpal bones, and phalanges compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was found between LS and whole-hand BMD (dominant r=.63, non-dominant r=.67). Finally, the whole hand, metacarpal bones, and carpus BMD measurements were significantly higher in the dominant hand compared to the non-dominant hand without differences in the phalangeal ROI. In conclusion, hand BMD was significantly lower in RA patients compared to control subjects and there was a significant correlation with LS BMD. We demonstrated that BMD measurements of the whole-hand, and different ROI (carpus, metacarpal bones, and phalanges) by DXA would be an easily reproducible technique to evaluate bone loss. In addition, the whole hand, metacarpal bones and carpus BMD measurements were significantly higher in the dominant hand compared to the non-dominant hand without differences in the phalanges.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Bone Density; Hand; Osteoporosis; Metacarpal Bones; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 38056980
DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.04.005 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023To investigate the influence of different grasping postures on the hand's skin deformation, a handheld 3D EVA SCANNER was used to obtain 3D models of 111 women in five...
To investigate the influence of different grasping postures on the hand's skin deformation, a handheld 3D EVA SCANNER was used to obtain 3D models of 111 women in five postures, including a straight posture and grasping cylinders with various diameters (4/6/8/10 cm). Skin relaxation strain ratio ([Formula: see text]) and surface area skin relaxation strain ratio ([Formula: see text]) were used as measures of skin deformation between two landmarks and multiple landmarks, respectively. The effects of grasping posture on skin deformation in different directions were analyzed. The results revealed significant variations in skin deformation among different grasping postures, except for the width of middle finger metacarpal and the length of middle finger's proximal phalanx. The [Formula: see text] increased with decreasing grasping object diameter, ranging from 5 to 18% on the coronal axis, and from 4 to 20% on the vertical axis. The overall variation of [Formula: see text] ranged from 5 to 37.5%, following the same trend as [Formula: see text] except for the surface area of tiger's mouth, which exhibited a maximum difference of 10.9% with significant differences. These findings have potential applications in improving the design of hand equipment and understanding hand movement characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hand; Posture; Fingers; Movement; Metacarpal Bones; Hand Strength
PubMed: 38049461
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48658-5