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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The organic dyes used in printing and dyeing wastewater have complex components, diverse structures and strong chemical stability, which make them not suitable for...
The organic dyes used in printing and dyeing wastewater have complex components, diverse structures and strong chemical stability, which make them not suitable for treatment and difficult to degrade in the environment. Porphyrins are macromolecules with 18 π electrons formed by four pyrrole molecules connected with a methylene bridge that has a stable structure. Porphyrin combines with iron to form an active intermediate with a structure similar to the cytochrome P450 enzyme, so they are widely used in the biomimetic field. In the current study, 5,10,15,20-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine ferric chloride (III) (Fe(III)TCPP) was used as a catalyst and iodosobenzene was used as an oxidant to explore the catalytic degradation of triphenylmethane dyes, such as rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green (MG). The results of UV-Vis spectral analysis have shown that the conversion rate of the rhodamine B was over 90% when the amount of Fe(III)TCPP was 0.027 mM and the amount of iodosobenzene was eight equivalents. When the catalyst was 0.00681 mM and the amount of the oxidant was five equivalents, the conversion rate of the malachite green reached over 95%. This work provides a feasible method for the degradation of triphenylmethane dyes.
Topics: Iron; Porphyrins; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Coloring Agents; Oxidants
PubMed: 37513273
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145401 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Converting more CO absorbed by plant photosynthesis into biomass-activated carbon effectively reduces carbon emissions. In this study, we used a one-step preparation of...
Converting more CO absorbed by plant photosynthesis into biomass-activated carbon effectively reduces carbon emissions. In this study, we used a one-step preparation of biomass-activated carbon loaded with MgO nanoparticles to investigate the effect of Mg loading on the catalytic pyrolysis process. The influences of magnesium loading on biochar yield and fixed carbon production were assessed. The addition of 1% Mg weakened the carbonyl C=O, inhibited the dehydroxylation reaction, enhanced the C-H signal strength, and the formation of MgO inhibited the weaker- bound substituent breakage. Additionally, the addition of magnesium altered the morphological features and chemical composition of the biochar material. It also increased the activated carbon mesoporosity by 3.94%, biochar yield by 5.55%, and fixed carbon yield by 12.14%. The addition of 1% Mg increased the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon to potassium dichromate, acid magenta, methylene blue, and tetracycline effluents by 8.71 mg, 37.15 mg, 117.68 mg, and 3.53 mg, respectively. The results showed that MgCl played a significant role in promoting the thermal degradation of biomass and improving the solid yield and adsorption performance of activated carbon.
PubMed: 37508863
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070836 -
RSC Advances Jul 2023An antimony tri-sulfide SbS nanosphere photocatalyst was effectively deposited utilizing sodium thiosulfate and antimony chloride as the starting precursors in a...
An antimony tri-sulfide SbS nanosphere photocatalyst was effectively deposited utilizing sodium thiosulfate and antimony chloride as the starting precursors in a chemical bath deposition process. This approach is appropriate for the large-area depositions of SbS at low deposition temperatures without the sulfurization process since it is based on the hydrolytic decomposition of starting compounds in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of amorphous SbS layers. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the deposited SbS has integrated small nanospheres into sub-microspheres with a significant surface area, resulting in increased photocatalytic activity. The optical direct bandgap of the SbS layer was estimated to be about 2.53 eV, making amorphous SbS appropriate for the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the presence of solar light. The possibility of using the prepared SbS layer in the photodegradation of methylene blue aqueous solutions was investigated. The degradation of methylene blue dye was performed to evaluate the photocatalytic property of SbS under visible light. The amorphous SbS exhibited photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue solution under visible light. The mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue has been proposed. Our results suggest that the amorphous SbS nanospheres are valuable material for addressing environmental remediation issues.
PubMed: 37483670
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02062b -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Given the huge significance of organic solvents in several industrial processes, the use of membranes for recovering the solvents has evolved into an industrially viable...
Given the huge significance of organic solvents in several industrial processes, the use of membranes for recovering the solvents has evolved into an industrially viable process. The current work has been focused on studying the effect of minor changes in the chemistry of the reacting monomers on the organic solvent nanofiltration/solvent resistance nanofiltration (OSN/SRNF) performance of the membranes. The two aliphatic amines with varying aliphatic chain lengths between primary and secondary amines were selected for this purpose. Based on the structure of the resultant active layer, the Janus nanofiltration performance of the membrane was evaluated. The two membranes, 4A-TPC@crosslinked PAN and 4A-3P@crosslinked PAN were fabricated by using two different tetra-amines, 4A (N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine) and 4A-3P (N,N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) crosslinked with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) on a crosslinked polyacryonitrile (PAN) support through interfacial polymerization (IP). The presence of multiple hydrophobic -CH- groups in the structures of the aliphatic amines 4A and 4A-3P develops hydrophobic sites in the hydrophilic polyamide active layers of the membranes. In addition, 4A has two secondary amino groups separated by ethylene (-CH-CH-) groups, whereas in 4A-3P, the two secondary amino groups are separated by propylene (-CH-CH-CH-) leading to variation in the structural features and performance of the two membranes. Both membranes were fully characterized by several membrane characterization techniques and applied for OSN/SRNF using both polar (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol) and non-polar (n-hexane and toluene) solvents. Different dyes (Congo red, Eriochrome black T, and Methylene blue) were used as model solutes during the filtration experiment. The 4A-3P-TPC@crosslinked PAN showed n-hexane and toluene flux of 109.9 LMH and 95.5 LMH, respectively. The Congo red (CR) showed the highest rejection, reaching 99.1% for the 4A-TPC@Crosslinked PAN membrane and 98.8% for the 4A-3P-TPC@Crosslinked PAN membrane.
PubMed: 37474637
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38269-5 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... Sep 2023L. is a medicinal plant that displays valuable pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and...
L. is a medicinal plant that displays valuable pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study targeted to isolate and identify some constituents of leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and different chromatographic techniques. anti-MERS and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for different fractions and for two pure isolated compounds, lupeol (RS) and ricinine (RS1) were evaluated using a plaque reduction assay with three different mechanisms and IC based on their cytotoxic concentration (CC) from an MTT assay using Vero E6 cell line. Isolated phytoconstituents and remdesivir are assessed for anti-COVID-19 activity using molecular docking tools. The methylene chloride extract showed pronounced virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC = 1.76 μg/ml). It was also shown that ricinine had superior potential activity against SARS-CoV-2, (IC = 2.5 μg/ml). Lupeol displayed the most potency against MERS, (IC = 5.28 μg/ml). Ricinine appeared to be the most biologically active compound. The study showed that and its isolated compounds have potential natural virucidal activity against SARS-COV-2; however, additional exploration is necessary and study for their activity.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Ricinus; SARS-CoV-2; Chromatography, Liquid; Molecular Docking Simulation; COVID-19; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 37401758
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0075 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2023Organic dyes, such as methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB), are common organic pollutants existing in wastewater. Therefore,...
β-Cyclodextrin network crosslinked by novel phosphonium-based tetrakiscarboxylic acid derived from PH tail gas: Synthesis and application for rapid removal of organic dyes from wastewater.
Organic dyes, such as methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB), are common organic pollutants existing in wastewater. Therefore, the exploration of bio-based adsorbents for the efficient removal of organic dyes from wastewater has gained many attentions. Here, we report a PCl-free synthetic method for the synthesis of phosphonium-containing polymers, in which the prepared tetrakis(2-carboxyethyl) phosphonium chloride-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin (TCPC-β-CD) polymers were applied to the removal of dyes from water. The effects of contact time, pH (1-11), and dye concentration were investigated. The selected dye molecules could be captured by the host-gest inclusion of β-CD cavities, and the phosphonium and carboxyl groups in the polymer structure would respectively facilitate the removal of cationic dyes (MB and CV) and anionic dyes (MO and CR) via electrostatic interactions. In a mono-component system, over 99 % of MB could be removed from water within the first 10 min. Based on the Langmuir model, the calculated maximum adsorption capacities of MO, CR, MB, and CV were 180.43, 426.34, 306.57, and 470.11 mg/g (or 0.55, 0.61, 0.96 and 1.15 mmol/g), respectively. Additionally, TCPC-β-CD was easily regenerated using 1 % HCl in ethanol, and the regenerative adsorbent still showed high removal capacities for MO, CR, and MB even after seven treatment cycles.
Topics: Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Coloring Agents; beta-Cyclodextrins; Polymers; Congo Red; Adsorption; Methylene Blue; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 37321742
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121059 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jul 2023Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) is a toxic, high-volume industrial pollutant of long-standing. Anaerobic biodegradation is crucial for its removal from...
Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) is a toxic, high-volume industrial pollutant of long-standing. Anaerobic biodegradation is crucial for its removal from contaminated environments, yet prevailing mechanisms remain unresolved, especially concerning dehalogenation. In this study, we obtained an assembled genome of a novel DCM-degrading strain, Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum strain EZ94, from a stable DCM-degrading consortium, and we analyzed its proteome during degradation of DCM. A gene cluster recently predicted to play a major role in anaerobic DCM catabolism (the mec cassette) was found. Methyltransferases and other proteins encoded by the mec cassette were among the most abundant proteins produced, suggesting their involvement in DCM catabolism. Reductive dehalogenases were not detected. Genes and corresponding proteins for a complete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which could enable further metabolism of DCM carbon, were also found. Unlike for the anaerobic DCM degrader "Ca. F. warabiya," no genes for metabolism of the quaternary amines choline and glycine betaine were identified. This work provides independent and supporting evidence that mec-associated methyltransferases are key to anaerobic DCM metabolism.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Proteogenomics; Methylene Chloride; Methyltransferases; Biodegradation, Environmental; Proteome
PubMed: 37300728
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28144-1 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2022Ribwort plantain ( L.), which belongs to the family, has been widely used as a herbal plant in traditional medicine across the globe. The present study aimed to...
Ribwort plantain ( L.), which belongs to the family, has been widely used as a herbal plant in traditional medicine across the globe. The present study aimed to investigate the biologically active substances of root fractions, as well as the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of extracts. The cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol extracts of root was evaluated by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The root extracts were also evaluated on gram-positive and negative bacteria by disc diffusion and microtiter broth dilution methods. The phytochemical content was also examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The root extracts were cytotoxic; IC values against HCT-116 at 72 h were 168.553 μg/mL, 167.458 μg/mL, and 205.004 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol root extracts, respectively. The dichloromethane extract of root had the highest inhibitory effect against (14.00±1.0 mm) at the concentration of 100 mg/mL. The minimum MIC and MBC (5 and 15 mg/mL) were observed for dichloromethane extract of root against . The main composition of ethyl acetate extract was 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (60.93%). The major compositions in dichloromethane and n-butanol extracts were 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (60.64%) and 2-Methyl-1-butanol (.+/-.)- (17.85%). As evidenced by the results of the present research, extracts are a significant source of bioactive metabolites. Therefore, they can play a prominent role in the production of pharmaceutical materials.
Topics: 1-Butanol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Methylene Chloride; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plantago
PubMed: 37274901
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358045.2143 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jun 2023Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as additive flame retardants. Because they lack the ability to form chemical bonds, PBDEs can easily enter the sediment...
[Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine sediments by composite chromatography column purification-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry].
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as additive flame retardants. Because they lack the ability to form chemical bonds, PBDEs can easily enter the sediment environment. The accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBDEs in sediments is of great importance for the accurate assessment of PBDE pollution in this environment. Sediments contain many impurities. Therefore, PBDEs in sediment should be purified before analysis to reduce the matrix effect. A method based on gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI/MS) was developed to determine 13 PBDEs in marine sediment samples using a column packed with deactivated silica gel, acidified silica gel, Florisil, and anhydrous sodium sulfate. Sediment samples were extracted by ultrasonication with a mixed solvent of -hexane-dichloromethane (3∶1, v/v). After two cycles of ultrasonic extraction, the extract was purified by a composite chromatographic column and eluted with -hexane-dichloromethane (3∶1, v/v). Thirteen PBDEs were determined by GC-NCI/MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The effects of different fillers, eluents, and elution volumes on the purification of PBDEs in the composite column were compared and analyzed, and the GC-NCI/MS analysis conditions were optimized. Three different packing columns were used to purify the sample extract. The first column was packed with 3 g of deactivated silica, 6 g of acidic silica, 3 g of deactivated silica, 3 g of Florisil, and 6 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate; the second column was packed with 3 g of Florisil, 3 g of deactivated silica, 6 g of acidic silica, 3 g of deactivated silica, and 6 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate; and the third column was packed with 3 g of deactivated silica, 6 g of acidified silica, 3 g of deactivated silica, and 6 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate. Among these columns, that packed with 3 g of deactivated silica, 6 g of acidic silica, 3 g of deactivated silica, 3 g of Florisil, and 6 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate showed the best purification effect. The 13 PBDEs showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-20 μg/L with correlation coefficients () greater than 0.995 (decabromodiphenyl oxide (BDE-209), >0.99). The limits of quantification (=10) was 0.002-0.126 μg/kg. The average recoveries of the 13 PBDEs at three spiked levels of 0.2, 1.0, and 4.0 μg/kg were 85.3%-101.3%, 84.8%-113.6%, and 86.3%-94.7% with relative standard deviations of 4.4%-14.0%, 0.4%-4.9%, and 1.9%-6.6%, respectively. These findings indicate that the method has high sensitivity and accuracy as well as good precision. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis and detection of PBDEs in actual marine sediment samples. The results revealed that the sediment samples contained different contents of the 13 PBDEs, and high detection rates were obtained for lower-brominated PBDE homologs. The detection rate of bis(4-bromophenyl) ether (BDE-15) was 100%, and the detected content of BDE-209 was as high as 60.49 μg/kg. These results demonstrate that the developed method is suitable for the accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBDEs in marine sediment samples.
Topics: Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Methylene Chloride; Silica Gel; Mass Spectrometry; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 37259879
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.10006 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Jul 2023The use of harmful solvents during the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations is restricted to preserve environment and ensure safety of industrial operations.... (Review)
Review
The use of harmful solvents during the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations is restricted to preserve environment and ensure safety of industrial operations. However, harmful solvents must be used to produce certain formulations. For instance, methylene chloride has been used in the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres. This review highlights the latest advances in the strategy of PLA or PLGA microsphere production from non-halogenated solvents and describes advantages and limitations of these methods. The study also discusses the development of dry fabrication techniques for microsphere fabrication and the positioning of conventional and dry fabrication in the containment concept for workers' safety.
Topics: Humans; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polyglycolic Acid; Lactic Acid; Microspheres; Polyesters; Solvents; Particle Size
PubMed: 37245983
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01008