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Digital Health 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a virtual reality (VR) program designed and developed based on the hallucinogenic harm reduction and integration...
Feasibility and effectiveness study of applying a hallucinogen harm reduction and integration model to a mindfulness thinking intervention using virtual reality: A randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a virtual reality (VR) program designed and developed based on the hallucinogenic harm reduction and integration (PHRI) clinical model could be more effective in guiding positive thinking training, improving positive thinking awareness and ability, and, to some extent, facilitating personal efficacy and emotional state compared to a traditional VR program that places users in a virtual natural ecological environment to guide positive thinking training. We also sought to understand the factors that may influence the effectiveness of VR interventions and user experience.
METHOD
Seventy-six randomly recruited participants were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 38 participants, each according to a random number table, and were trained in VR meditation for eight weeks. The experimental group used a PHRI-based mindfulness program, while the control group used a traditional mindfulness meditation program. We used The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the PAD emotional three-dimensional scale to assess the level of state mindfulness and changes in the emotional state before and at the end of the experiment. The Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire measured the user's sense of presence and immersion in the virtual environment. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaires and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used at the baseline assessment stage before and at the 4-week follow-up after the experiment to assess the change in trait mindfulness levels due to the mindfulness training. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaires and the DASS-21 were used to assess changes in mindfulness and mental health trait levels.
RESULTS
At the end of the experiment, the MMSQ score was significantly lower in the control group than in the experimental group, while the ITQ score was significantly higher than in the experimental group, and both scores were statistically significant ( < 0.05). In the follow-up assessment four weeks after the end of the experiment, the FFMQ-15 score and the DASS-21 were significantly and statistically higher in the experimental group than in the control group ( < 0.05). Since the scores of the PAD scale did not obey a normal distribution, we used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess the results, which proved that the experimental group had higher levels of emotional activation and arousal.
CONCLUSION
The VR positive thinking program developed based on PHRI can significantly increase the positive thinking state and emotional arousal and activation of the general population participants but does not directly lead to the growth of positive emotions. Moreover, this detached psychedelic scene brings users a weaker sense of presence and presence than traditional natural space scenes. Furthermore, it does not bring any intense simulator motion sickness symptoms. These findings suggest that VR programs developed based on PHRI have a more positive facilitation effect on the positive state and that this increase lasts longer than conventional VR-positive programs.
PubMed: 38665888
DOI: 10.1177/20552076241249869 -
JAMA Network Open Apr 2024It is usually assumed that an individual's classification as a patient or a healthy person is determined by the presence or absence of disease, but little is known about... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
It is usually assumed that an individual's classification as a patient or a healthy person is determined by the presence or absence of disease, but little is known about whether the mere awareness of being a patient or a healthy control can play an important role for reporting outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether assignment to the role of a patient or a healthy control has an effect on patient-reported outcomes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This single center, double-blind, 3-group randomized clinical trial included consecutive patients from a tertiary headache clinic based at a single center in Germany who were invited to participate between October 2019 and June 2023. Statistical analysis was performed from January to March 2024.
INTERVENTION
Patients with migraine were randomized into 2 groups. The first group was told that this study was centered on migraine symptoms, whereas the second group was told that healthy controls were being sought for a study about patients with vertigo. A third group of age- and sex-matched headache-free participants served as controls. All participants viewed 2 standardized roller coaster videos and provided ratings of their perceived levels of motion sickness and dizziness.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was self-reported vestibular symptoms. Secondary outcomes included differences in motion sickness, headache burden, and migraine disability. Outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires.
RESULTS
The final sample included 366 participants: 122 patients with migraine assigned the role of patient (MP) (migraine as patient): mean [SD] age, 37.56 [12.93] years; 105 [86.1%] female), 122 patients with migraine assigned the role of healthy participant (MH) (migraine as healthy): mean [SD] age, 37.03 [13.10] years; 107 [87.7%] female), and 122 headache-free controls (HC): mean [SD] age, 37.55 [11.56] years; 100 [82.0%] female). The assigned role of the individuals with migraine (MP vs MH) had a significant effect on self-disclosure of (1) estimation that symptoms (dizziness) will occur under specific conditions (self-reported vestibular symptoms: 79 MP [64.8%]; 29 MH [23.8%]; 9 HC [7.4%]; P < .001), (2) the increase of such symptoms (dizziness) after viewing the roller coaster video, and (3) the reported frequency (median [IQR] self-reported monthly headache days for MP: 7 [4-15] days; for MH: 5 [2-10] days; P = .008) and severity (median [IQR] migraine disability assessment score for MP: 35 [20-64] points; for MH: 25 [11-47] points; P = .005) of migraine symptoms. Statistically significant changes were also found for self-reported headache frequency and disability caused by migraine.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This randomized clinical trial found an effect of expectations regarding the role of a patient with respect to clinical and study outcomes. These findings suggest that role expectations should be taken into account when, for example, invasive treatments are discussed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06322550.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Female; Male; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Adult; Middle Aged; Double-Blind Method; Self Report; Germany; Dizziness
PubMed: 38656579
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3223 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024In subjects with peripheral vestibular disease and controls, we assessed: 1. The relationship between spatial anxiety and perceived stress, and 2. The combined...
In subjects with peripheral vestibular disease and controls, we assessed: 1. The relationship between spatial anxiety and perceived stress, and 2. The combined contribution of spatial anxiety, spatial perspective-taking, and individual cofactors to dizziness-related handicap. 309 adults participated in the study (153 with and 156 without peripheral vestibular disease), including patients with bilateral vestibular deficiency, unilateral deficiency (evolution <3 or ≥3 months), Meniere's disease, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Assessments included: general health, personal habits, spatial anxiety (3-domains), perceived stress, spatial perspective-taking, dizziness-related handicap (3-domains), unsteadiness, sleep quality, motion sickness susceptibility, trait anxiety/depression, state anxiety, depersonalization/derealization. After bivariate analyses, analysis of covariance was performed ( ≤ 0.05). Spatial anxiety was related to unsteadiness and perceived stress, with an inverse relationship with trait anxiety (ANCoVA, adjusted = 0.27-0.30, = 17.945-20.086, < 0.00001). Variability on perspective-taking was related to vestibular disease, trait and state anxiety, motion sickness susceptibility, and age (ANCoVA, adjusted = 0.18, = 5.834, < 0.00001). All domains of spatial anxiety contributed to the Physical domain of dizziness-related handicap, while the Navigation domain contributed to the Functional domain of handicap. Handicap variability was also related to unsteadiness, spatial perspective-taking, quality of sleep, and trait anxiety/depression (ANCoVA, adjusted = 0.66, = 39.07, < 0.00001). Spatial anxiety is related to perceived stress in adults both with and without vestibular disease, subjects with trait anxiety rated lower on spatial anxiety. State anxiety and acute stress could be helpful for recovery after peripheral vestibular lesion. Spatial anxiety and perspective-taking contribute to the Physical and Functional domains of dizziness-related handicap, possibly because it discourages behavior beneficial to adaptation.
PubMed: 38633539
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1365745 -
Cancer Management and Research 2024Although risk factors related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been identified in previous studies, only a few studies have evaluated the risk...
Risk Factors Associated with Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Individual Patient-Based Analysis of Three Prospective Antiemetic Trials.
PURPOSE
Although risk factors related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been identified in previous studies, only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors associated with contemporary antiemetic prophylaxis, including olanzapine/aprepitant- or NEPA-containing regimens. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with CINV development in Chinese breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
METHODS
Data from 304 patients enrolled in 3 previously reported prospective antiemetic studies were included. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict risk factors associated with CINV occurrence. Additionally, the likelihood of treatment failure in relation to the number of risk factors in individual patients was evaluated.
RESULTS
Multivariate analysis of the entire study group revealed that obesity status (defined as body mass index/= 25.0 kg/m2) and the use of olanzapine/aprepitant- or NEPA-containing anti-emetic regimens were associated with a high likelihood, while a history of motion sickness was associated with a lower likelihood, complete response (CR), and "no nausea" in the overall phase. A history of vomiting during pregnancy was also associated with a lower likelihood of an overall CR. Patients with an increasing number of risk factors had a higher likelihood of treatment failure and shorter time to first vomiting. Those who did not achieve CR and "no nausea" in the first cycle were less likely to achieve these parameters in the subsequent cycle of chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
The present study confirmed previously reported risk factors for CINV in Chinese breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Further optimization of CINV control is required for patients with identifiable risk factors; olanzapine/aprepitant- or NEPA- containing prophylaxis are the preferred contemporary anti-emetics regimens for Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
PubMed: 38617187
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S447546 -
Neuroscience Letters May 2024Concussion can lead to various symptoms such as balance problems, memory impairments, dizziness, and/or headaches. It has been previously suggested that during...
Concussion can lead to various symptoms such as balance problems, memory impairments, dizziness, and/or headaches. It has been previously suggested that during self-motion relevant tasks, individuals with concussion may rely heavily on visual information to compensate for potentially less reliable vestibular inputs and/or problems with multisensory integration. As such, concussed individuals may also be more sensitive to other visually-driven sensations such as visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). To investigate whether concussed individuals are at elevated risk of experiencing VIMS, we exposed participants with concussion (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 15) to a virtual scene depicting visual self-motion down a grocery store aisle at different speeds. Participants with concussion were further separated into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. VIMS was measured with the SSQ before and after stimulus exposure, and visual dependence, self-reported dizziness, and somatization were recorded at baseline. Results showed that concussed participants who were symptomatic demonstrated significantly higher SSQ scores after stimulus presentation compared to healthy controls and those who were asymptomatic. Visual dependence was positively correlated with the level of VIMS in healthy controls and participants with concussion. Our results suggest that the presence of concussion symptoms at time of testing significantly increased the risk and severity of VIMS. This finding is of relevance with regards to the use of visual display devices such as Virtual Reality applications in the assessment and rehabilitation of individuals with concussion.
Topics: Humans; Motion Sickness; Brain Concussion; Male; Female; Adult; Young Adult; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception
PubMed: 38599370
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137767 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024This study investigated brain responses during cybersickness in healthy adults using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thirty participants wore a...
This study investigated brain responses during cybersickness in healthy adults using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thirty participants wore a head-mounted display and observed a virtual roller coaster scene that induced cybersickness. Cortical activation during the virtual roller coaster task was measured using fNIRS. Cybersickness symptoms were evaluated using a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) administered after the virtual rollercoaster. Pearson correlations were performed for cybersickness symptoms and the beta coefficients of hemodynamic responses. The group analysis of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and total hemoglobin (HbT) levels revealed deactivation in the bilateral angular gyrus during cybersickness. In the Pearson correlation analyses, the HbO and HbT beta coefficients in the bilateral angular gyrus had a significant positive correlation with the total SSQ and disorientation. These results indicated that the angular gyrus was associated with cybersickness. These findings suggest that the hemodynamic response in the angular gyrus could be a biomarker for evaluating cybersickness symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Motion Sickness; User-Computer Interface; Hemodynamics; Oxyhemoglobins; Brain
PubMed: 38582769
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58715-2 -
A multimodal driver monitoring benchmark dataset for driver modeling in assisted driving automation.Scientific Data Mar 2024In driver monitoring various data types are collected from drivers and used for interpreting, modeling, and predicting driver behavior, and designing interactions. Aim...
In driver monitoring various data types are collected from drivers and used for interpreting, modeling, and predicting driver behavior, and designing interactions. Aim of this contribution is to introduce manD 1.0, a multimodal dataset that can be used as a benchmark for driver monitoring in the context of automated driving. manD is the short form of human dimension in automated driving. manD 1.0 refers to a dataset that contains data from multiple driver monitoring sensors collected from 50 participants, gender-balanced, aged between 21 to 65 years. They drove through five different driving scenarios in a static driving simulator under controlled laboratory conditions. The automation level (SAE International, Standard J3016) ranged from SAE L0 (no automation, manual) to SAE L3 (conditional automation, temporal). To capture data reflecting various mental and physical states of the subjects, the scenarios encompassed a range of distinct driving events and conditions. manD 1.0 includes environmental data such as traffic and weather conditions, vehicle data like the SAE level and driving parameters, and driver state that covers physiology, body movements, activities, gaze, and facial information, all synchronized. This dataset supports applications like data-driven modeling, prediction of driver reactions, crafting of interaction strategies, and research into motion sickness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Automation; Automobile Driving
PubMed: 38555295
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03137-y -
BMJ Open Mar 2024The non-intoxicating plant-derived cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), has demonstrated therapeutic potential in a number of clinical conditions. Most successful clinical...
INTRODUCTION
The non-intoxicating plant-derived cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), has demonstrated therapeutic potential in a number of clinical conditions. Most successful clinical trials have used relatively high (≥300 mg) oral doses of CBD. Relatively few studies have investigated the efficacy of lower (<300 mg) oral doses, typical of those available in over-the-counter CBD products.
METHODS
We present a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial investigating the effects of a low oral dose (150 mg) of CBD on acute psychosocial stress, situational anxiety, motion sickness and cybersickness in healthy individuals. Participants (n=74) will receive 150 mg of CBD or a matched placebo 90 min before completing three virtual reality (VR) challenges (tasks) designed to induce transient stress and motion sickness: (a) a 15 min 'Public Speaking' task; (b) a 5 min 'Walk the Plank' task (above a sheer drop); and (c) a 5 min 'Rollercoaster Ride' task. The primary outcomes will be self-reported stress and nausea measured on 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales. Secondary outcomes will include salivary cortisol concentrations, skin conductance, heart rate and vomiting episodes (if any). Statistical analyses will test the hypothesis that CBD reduces nausea and attenuates subjective, endocrine and physiological responses to stress compared with placebo. This study will indicate whether low-dose oral CBD has positive effects in reducing acute psychosocial stress, situational anxiety, motion sickness and cybersickness.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee has granted approval (2023/307, version 1.6, 16 February 2024). Study findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at academic conferences.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000872639).
Topics: Humans; Cannabidiol; Australia; Anxiety; Nausea; Double-Blind Method; Motion Sickness; Stress, Psychological; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38531572
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082927 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Mar 2024Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a surgical complication defined as any nausea, and vomiting with in the first 24-48 h after surgery in inpatients. Nausea is...
BACKGROUND
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a surgical complication defined as any nausea, and vomiting with in the first 24-48 h after surgery in inpatients. Nausea is the unpleasant desire and urge to vomit, while vomiting is a forcing of gastric contents through the mouth. Nausea and vomiting is the most common complication associated anaesthesia and surgery in the postoperative period. It is considered one of the most common causes of morbidity, and it has significant effects on patient satisfaction.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 30 April 2022. All adult, elective patients who underwent elective surgery under anaesthesia during the study period were included. A total of 677 patients underwent elective surgery at the time of the study, of which 634 patients were included in the study. Data collection method included chart review and patient interview.
RESULT
The overall prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting among post-surgical patients was 35.4%. Factors that had statistically significant relationship with PONV were history of motion sickness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.04, 95% CI 1.486-10.988], smoking history (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.128-1.042) and intraoperative opioid use (AOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.345-9.618).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of this study is higher than studies conducted in the recent years. This result showed that the appropriate practice of PONV prophylactic regimens and anaesthesia management are required to decrease the risk of PONV.
PubMed: 38463094
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001678